CPAR 1st Quarter Past Paper 2024-2025

CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - A series of excavations revealed that TOPIC OUTLINE: Lesson 1: History of Philippine Art the drawings were etched in 3000 Lesson 2A: Art forms BC durin...

CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - A series of excavations revealed that TOPIC OUTLINE: Lesson 1: History of Philippine Art the drawings were etched in 3000 Lesson 2A: Art forms BC during the neolithic period. Lesson 2B: Classification of Art in the Philippines - The rock carvings were discovered Lesson 3A: Elements of Art in 1965 and were declared Lesson 3B: Principles of Art (Presidential Decree No. 260) as a Lesson 4: Elements of Music Lesson 5: Medium & Techniques national cultural treasure by the Philippine government in 1973. LESSON 1: HISTORY OF PHILIPPINE ART ★ Manunggul Jar - Circa 890-710 BC | Earthenware Arch of the Centuries Natural Museum of the Philippines - Made during the Spanish Colonial - From Palawan, were the remains of Period (1521-1898) the dead. It is valued as the most - Built in the 17th Century impressive work of ancient pottery - Once in Intramuros, moved to in the Philippines. It was discovered Samapaloc, was rebuilt after WWII in the Manunggul Cave, Lipuun and now serves as one of the UST’s Point palawan. entrances. - The two anitos represent their journey to the afterlife. Spanish Colonial Period - Introduced Christianity and ★ Linglingo European art. Influences seen on - An ancient Philippine symbol for Catholic churches, religious icons fertility and virility. and altarpieces. - ‘Linglingo’ means “lingo that serves the act of creation”, “lingo that issues the thought of NOTE: How do we learn about art? - Through History, Aesthetics, Criticism, manifestation”, “lingo that conjures and Production. the power to bring forth”. 1) PRE-COLONIAL (3000 BC) ★ Baybayin - Writing system of the Philippines - Pre-Colonial art in the Philippines - Comes from the Tagalog root word includes pottery, weaving, baybay, which means “to spell” woodcarving, metalwork, and - When the Spaniards arrived in the jewelry making. Philippine archipelago, they - These art forms reflect aspects of observed that most of the natives, everyday life, cultural traditions, and not just the elite, could read and practices. write. - Art is way of life - The script was used not only to record but also to write poetry, ★ Angono Petroglyphs incantation, and letters. - Angono-Binangonan, Rizal rock carvings CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 a) Immaculate conception: She is Islamic art adorned with a gold aureole of 12 - Conveys the spiritual, cultural, stars and closed gold crown with and intellectual heritage of Islam. rays emanating from the side It is characterized by its emphasis bands. on non-figurative decoration, harmonious design, and the use of art as a means to express both Known Artists beauty and divine order. Damian Domingo y Gabor - Known as the Father of ★ Okir Philippine Painting, is - Crafted by Maranao and Tausug, remembered as the first Filipino features intricate geometric and painter to specialize in secular organic patterns carved on wood (non-religious) painting. symbolizing nature and spirituality. - He had a photographic memory, a) Tarogan - traditional house and is well known as the creator b) Panalong - extended house beam of miniature portraits of Manila of the tarogan society figures. - He also established an art ★ Sheikh Karimul Makhdum academy in his residence in Mosque Tondo in 1821, and later became - Features one or more domes, called the Academia de Dibujo y Pintura qubba in Arabic. in 1823. - Examples of paintings: Letras Y 2) SPANISH COLONIAL (1521-1898) Figuras & La Sagrada Familia - Introduced Christianity and European art. Influences seen on Juan Luna & Felix Resurrección Catholic churches, religious icons - Are the first Filipino painters to and altarpieces. gain international recognition - Ex: San Agustin Church in when they won the top prize at Intramuros, Our Lady of the National Exposition of Fine Assumption Church in Ilocos Sur, Arts in Madrid in 1884. Santo Tomas de Villanueva in Iloilo - Juan luna (1st place): Spolarium - Felix Hidalgo (2nd place): Las ★ Retablo Virgenes Cristianas al Populacho - A votive offering made in the form of a religious picture typically 3) AMERICAN COLONIAL PERIOD portraying Christian saints, painted (1898-1940) on a panel, and hung in a church or - Marked the advent of modernism chapel especially in Spain and and the establishment of art Mexico. schools in the Philippines - Fernando Amorsolo y Cueto follows ★ Sculptures the Classical Realism movement, - Mostly made in ivory. Most look focusing on realistic depictions of chinese. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 everyday life and landscapes, It first appeared on 11 January 1929 emphasizing light, color, and detail in Liwayway Magazine to capture the beauty and essence - Jose Rizal was the first comic artist of Filipino culture and scenery.. His in the Philippines. paintings are mostly in farms - Guillermo Tolentino created Modern Art neoclassical statues. - is marked by the conflict between the rules and views of the Academy ★ Neo-classical and the innovative methods of the - Columns graced the first University Modern artists in the late 1920s of the Philippines building in - The Academic style was established Ermita during the Spanish colonial period followed the rules of the Spanish, ★ Vaudeville Italian and French Academies. - Also known as bodabil, featured - Victorio C. Edades was criticized for diverse acts like music, comedu, his modern art. and dance, entertaining audiences in theaters. Known Artists ★ Zarzuela Victoria Edades - Also referred as sarswela, form of - is a Filipino painter dubbed as Spanish or Spanish-derived musical the Father of Modern Philippine theater in which the dramatic painting. He was named National action is carried through an Artist for Painting in 1976. alterating combination of song and - He created distorted human speech figures in rough bold impasto - Dalagang bukid: First Filipino film. strokes and standing tall and singular. The hues of his ★ Lipang Kalabaw (Magazine) masterpieces were dark, the - Is a satirical-political entertainment opposite of the cheerful hues of weekly Tagalog magazine that was Armosolo. circulated in the Philippines in - He taught at the University of three different periods. Santo Tomas and was eventually - Owned and edited by Lope K. named dean of its Department of Santos the Lipang Kalabaw of Architecture. 1907-1909 tackled the relevant - He used the technique of issues of politics, society, and “Impasto” in his paintings; culture of the day. painting technique with thick layers and bold strokes, creating ★ Comics texture through a brush or a - Tony Velasquez, created the first palette knife. serialized Filipino cartoon strip, Galo Ocampo ‘Mga kabalbalan ni Kenkoy’ in 1928. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - After the war, Arguilla opened the - Was a Filipino painter known for Philippine Art Gallery on Azcarraga rejecting academic tradition and Street (now Recto AVe0) dedicated embracing Western modernism to displaying, collecting, and - His artworks lood 2D. He uses promoting Filipino modern art. cubisms and shapes. Neo-realism - Stylistically his paintings - World war 2 was an artistic showcase the influence of movement, characterized by a Cubism, Surrealism and focus of social issues, everyday life expressionism on his works. He and the human condition. often blended with Christian themes with references to Thirteen Moderns Filipino indigeneity and subjects. - They introduced modernist techniques and themes, Carlos Francisco emphasizing innovation and - He was distinguished for mural individuality in their works. painting for many decades and - Capili, Magsaysay-Ho, Cristobal, best known for his historical Francisco, Legaspi, Diego, Lorenzo, pieces. He was one of the first G Ocampo, H Ocampo, Pardo, Filipino modernists along with Puruganan, Mananasala, Edades Falo Ocampo and Victorio Edades. 6) 1970s TO CONTEMPORARY - He was posthumously conferred the title National Artist in Visual - Is dynamic, diverse, politically Arts in 1973. engaged, blending tradition and - Revolution, was one of his famous modernity, embracing multimedia paintings. and technology, globalization, and social issues 4) JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945) - Philippine art was marked by LESSON 2A: ART FORMS censorship and propaganda, emphasizing traditional Asian 1) VISUAL ARTS aesthetics, patriotic themes, and - Arts that are primarily experienced the struggles of Filipino life under through sight Japanese Occupation Painting: is applying pigments on a - Fernando Armososlo’s atworks flat surface to create images using started becoming more destructive different techniques, but primarily depicting the present that is using a brush. happenging during the war Sculpture: are 3d works usually done by carving, molding, or 5) POSTWAR REPUBLIC (1946-1969) assembling. - Is characterized by a combination a) Relief structure (uses soft of rebuilding and restoring national material like clay) identity which influenced various b) Free standing (uses solid forms of artistic expressions. material like rocks) CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 Film: is a storytelling medium that individual and cultural style, weaves a narrative through moving identity, and social trends. pictures, sound, and editing 2) PERFORMING ARTS Emergent Art Forms - Arts that come alive with ★ Conceptual Art performance - Favors idea over form. Does not Music: is the art of creating and focus on the final output. arranging sounds and silences in a - Emphasizes the idea and process given time to make an aesthetic more than the final output of the experience. Ex: Sampung mga artwork. Daliri (10 piano) - Conceptual artists use their Dance: uses one’s body to form artwork to question the notion of shapes, express emotions, and tell art. Let people think or wonder stories through movements about the artwork. Theatre: is the art of telling stories through live performances, with ★ Installation Art actors, dialogue, costumes, sets, - Is an art practice incorporating an props, and lights and sounds. ensemble of objects and mediums in space. Both objects 3) LITERARY ARTS and space are the central - Arts that use written words as components of installation art. medium Novel: are long fictional narratives ★ Mixed-Media Art that tell complex stories through - Refers to artworks that combine character development and plot media or materials not limited to Short stories: shorter works of paint. fiction with concise character a) Assemblage: is an artwork that is development and plot produced by putting together Poetry: the art of expressing everyday different objects into feelings and ideas through one composition. symbolism, distinctive style and b) Performance Art: is a live, rhythm ephemeral art form where the artist’s body, actions, and 4) APPLIED ARTS interactions with the audience - Arts that combine artistic principles become the art itself. Requires with functionality the artist to be best skilled with Architecture: the art and science of the performance. Sometimes designing building structures that inflicts pain on the artist. are both aesthetically pleasing and functional Fashion: the art of designing Characteristics of Contemporary Art clothing and accessories expressing CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 Site-Specific - Has direct relationship to a specific Integrative location where it is seen or - Is the term used to describe experienced. interdisciplinary art, art study, - Where the artwork would be the development, production, display, most impactful. Can be placed or creative creation of work that anywhere not limited to walls or combines two or more disciplines floors. of art to produce a work for a specific audience. Collaborative - Everyone combines their discipline - Involves two or more artists. It is not or craft to form one big art form, limited to fellow artists but can such as music, ensemble, and the include the whole community of a performance itself. Example: specific area. Paskuhan or concerts. - Not necessarily an artist, as long as it is made with a group or LESSON 2B: CLASSIFICATION OF ART IN collaboration of people. THE PHILIPPINES Process-Based Philippine Art in Context - It is simply defined as artworks that - Philippine art manifest the focuses on the actual process and following Filipino core values; experience of creation itself rather Maka-Diyos, Makatao, than the final product or outcome. Makakalikasan at Makabansa - Does not care about the final output, instead focuses on the process. Ex: An artist may continue Western Individualistic logical and splashing paint onto a canvas not analytical self assessing caring about how the final product and private highly specialistic would result. a) Documentaries: are non-fiction Philippines Communal intuitive an movies that documents or captures holistic interdependent reality and relational part of everyday life Interactive - Is any type of art that involves the 1) FINE ART viewer in the creative process. - Are creative art, especially visual art, Attempts to challenge the whose products are to be traditional boundary between artist appreciated primarily or solely for and “audience” imaginative, aesthetic, or - Interaction doesn’t necessarily intellectual content. (focus on mean touching the artworks. aesthetic) Audience can write/express their - Fine art was of a higher value feelings on the artwork. Example: compared to commercial art Art in Island because Fine artworks are kept in CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 “sacred” art spaces like museums, traditions. Through this, they galleries, and theaters empowered the Iraya Mangyans while respecting their cultural heritage. Couture and Casual Fashion - Couture can be categorized as Fine Dukit art for its meticulous quality and - The Kapampangan word for avant-garde style. In contrast, carving, is a folk craft in Betis, Casual fashion is considered Pampanga. However, ecclesiastical Commercial art because it is a sculptor Wilfredo Layug has mass-produced and trendy style. achieved a fine artist status Works by Rajo Laurel. The because of his hyper-realistic Archipelago 2018 (left), 2019 Spring religious wood carvings. Collection (right) 2) FOLK ART 3) COMMERCIAL ART - Can be defined as a classic - May be defined as any reproduction decorative, musical, or practical art that is marketed, promoted, or sold of different cultures or regions. It is and incorporates a financial usually unique to the people of a transaction. (focus on design) specific location and used as an - Popular, need to earn money expression of society. (focus on cultural sgnificance) The Mabini Art Movement in the - It is community art and traditions. Philippines Recently, they have been - also considered commercial art. commercialized and industrialized Mabini Art is cheap and affordable, as tourist art and cultural products with paintings of landscapes, to keep their practice alive. portraits, and everyday life made by artists without formal training. They Buscalan Village in Kalinga are displayed and sold in the Mabini - has become a famous travel tourist belt destination in the Cordillera region because of the world-renowned Oroquieta Street in Sta. Cruz “Last Mambabatok,” Whang Od. Manila Tourists (foreign and local) travel to - has several stores that sell religious Buscalan to be tattooed sculptures (Santo Nino, Crucifix, and traditionally by the people in the Images of Mary) in bulk and many village. similar styles and forms. The Ayala Foundation Canned Thoughts', Carlo Tanseco - partnered with the Iraya Mangyans - reinterprets 17 familiar commercial in Mindoro and created economic canned goods, staples in Filipino opportunities to sell their crafts, kitchens, and transforms their especially basket-weaving brand names and logos into vibrant CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 paintings that exude hope, joy, and - The Order of the National Artist abundance. recognized two komik artists, Francisco Coching and Larry Alcala, making the art institution acknowledge komiks as an art form that showcases skill and artistry. LESSON 3A: ELEMENTS OF ART SPACE - Can be defined as a positive or NOTE: Like contemporary art, these negative classifications are fluid and ever - Is where all elements come changing. One cannot box a particular together in a composition. In artwork into one category. You have to making an artwork, one will start know the context, especially the determining the space for your intention of the art itself. Mass-produced art forms can sometimes achieve highly composition acclaimed value based on quality. a) Positive space - Is the filled space, the object/s in Film the design - as an industry, is a popular form b) Negative space (Void) of mass-media. Most films are - Is the empty space, or the open created to make a profit. In the space between the objects, such as Philippines, movies are produced a background. starring the most popular stars to - You can have more negative space attract movie-goers and achieve than positive space in a box-office success. composition. This is common in - However, most independent photography and minimalist films are made to showcase the artworks. skills and visual genius of the filmmaker, like most of Lav Diaz LINES films, who got recognized - defined by a point moving in space. internationally for his quality It can move in different directions films. and adjust to the end of reference through various positions and Komiks actions. - Are reproducible and mass- - An example of this is Manga. They produced art, is considered use lines not only for the outline commercial and less valuable but also to create value and texture than paintings. At the time, komiks were not considered SHAPE “fine” art. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - When two or more lines intersect and form an enclosed space, it creates a shape. The shape is an external boundary, outline, and external surface as opposed to other elements such as colors and textures b) Applied textures - Some artists play with shapes (both - Evident in sculptures, and one can organic and geometrical shapes) feel the object's texture in the and colors to create their work artwork. Impasto paintings also - Focuses on the area have applied textures due to the application of thick brush strokes. FORM - as an element of art is always COLORS three-dimensional. Like a shape, a - Is produced by the way an object form has height, length, width, reflects or emits light. By placing depth, and volume. colors next to each other differently, - Examples include shapes with 3D artists can create a variety of like forms. Architecture, as an art effects. form, starts with 3-dimensional a) Hue: name of color drawings. Once built, they create a b) Saturation: brightness or dullness form. The final product of of a color/hue Architecture and sculpture is called form. VALUE a) Organic forms - Deals with the lightness or - Are naturally occurring. These are darkness of an art piece: drawings, forms we see in nature. colors, photographs, and other media. TEXTURES - Areas of light and dark tones create - Refer to how objects and surfaces an illusion of a form to the subject feel and are most associated with matter. Graduation of values is also the sense of touch or tactility used to create an illusion of depth. - In painting, adding textures to flat visual art can add more character to one’s work.. a) Implied textures - These objects share the same shape and size but vary in texture. With the proper use of lines and value, one can trick the eye of the viewer into seeing implied textures in an artwork. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 ○ Analogous: colors in the same line ○ Monochromatic: one color with different shades of that color (lighter yellow, brighter yellow) ○ Achromatic: Meaning “without color,” an achromatic scheme consists of black and white and a vast range of grays that can be mixed from them. ○ Neutral: hues that appear without color and don’t typically appear on the color wheel. They do not compete with primary and secondary Color Wheel colors but rather complement - It was developed by Sir Isaac them. Newton to visualize the color relationship within the spectrum. LESSON 3B: PRINCIPLES OF ART Color Theory - Is about developing aesthetically Principles of Art pleasing color relationships. You - How to use the tools to make art. can use the color wheel as your - Are techniques of the elements of guideline to create color schemes art to create art pieces, for your artwork. composition, arrangement, choreography, story, and many Color Scheme other works of art and design. a) Complementary colors: consist of contrasting colors. You can have Composition better contrast and emphasis using - The arrangement and structural this color scheme. elements of a work of art. - The way these principles are applied affects the expressive content or the message of the artwork. - Sometimes, creative artists purposely break the rules. b) Other types: BALANCE ○ Triadic: 3 complementary - This is commonly described as the ○ Split-complementary: 3 visual weight of an artwork. complement, but more narrow ○ Tetradic: 4 colors CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - The concept of visual equilibrium CONTRAST relates to our physical sense of - Focuses on differences between or balance. among opposing elements. - It is a compromise of opposing - Common examples of contrast are forces in one composition that value and color contrast. results in visual stability. a) Symmetrical Balance UNITY - Also known as “formal balance” in - State of wholeness; Totality of art; equal balance between both related parts; complete unified halves of the composition, whole. mirroring of halves - The attractive whole or visual orderliness. Unity is having all the elements of an art synchronized within the composition. HARMONY - Elements in art working together; b) Asymmetrical Balance effective relation to one another; - Known as “informal balance”; combining similar, related retaining balance even if the elements. weights vary. - Harmony can be achieved through: a) Repetition: repeated use of an element; makes visual echo and accent. c) Radial Balance b) Pattern: combination of repeated - “Radiating” outwards; Art elements elements. are placed around the central point. c) Rhythm: continuity, recurrence, and sequence in time and space. EMPHASIS Unity VS Harmony - Elements are applied to draw the viewers’ attention to a “focal point.” Unity - different elements synched with - The “Center of Interest” of the focal one another. point of an artwork pattern, repetition and rhythm Ex: Repetition of lines, Repetition of color every, Rhythm of beat CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - It refers to the softness or loudness every of music. Harmony - same elements (usually on a) Crescendo (): gradually getting Ex: spirals with different colors, softer hearts of various textures, school of rounded fishes MOVEMENT - The viewers’ eyes are “guided” through the artwork or towards the ★ Tempo focal point; - It refers to the speed of a consistent - Visual representation of movement. pulse or beat in music - The pulse or beat is where we There are some Principles of Art that are usually tend to sway or clap when similar in expression to the audience; the engaging in music. It can be difference lies in the intent of the artist. measured through Beats per minute (BPM) using a metronome. - Metronome: instrument to LESSON 4: ELEMENTS OF MUSIC measure bpm. MUSIC - Is the art of organizing sounds and silence in time to express ideas and emotions - The term Music came from the Greek word “mousike: which means Art of the Muses ★ Timbre - It refers to the tone color or quality of sound. It may also be associated with the instrumentation (instrument used) of a musical ★ Rhythm piece - It refers to the arrangement or - Ex: bright, nasal, gritty, muffled, pattern of durations of notes and silvery, flute-like, horn-like, etc. rests. - Measure per note ★ Dynamics - Duration: refers to the length of the - In physics, this is the volume of the note or rest in time. sound CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - It is the arrangement of pitches that sound simultaneously together. - They are usually read from bottom to top on the musical staff - It can serve as an accompaniment to melody - Ex: chords ★ Pitch ★ Texture - In physics term, this is the sound - Refers to the thickness and layers of frequency music - It refers to the highness and - Types of musical texture: lowness of a sound. It can be a) Monophonic: is a single classified into Low, High, and melodic line without Middle ranged pitches accompaniment - This is measured in Hertz (Hz) - Ex: 100 filipino singing at the - The international standard pitch for same time lupang hinirang western instruments is based on b) Polyphonic: two or more the pitch A4 (or simply A or La) independent melodic lines tuned to 440 Hz. singing at the same time c) Homophonic: a melodic line with accompaniment ★ Form - It refers to the structure, arrangement, and sequence of sections of music ★ Tonality - A section is usually based on the - It refers to the musical key, scale, or start and end of a melody. selected pitches used in a piece of music - Ex: A major, E minor, C#minor, etc. Here are a few examples: - It is indicated by the Key Signature AAAA Strophic form (repeated found in a music notaion. sections with no contrasting section) ★ Melody - It refers to the arrangement or AB Binary form (2 different sequence of single notes from left section) to right. It may also be referred as ABC Ternary form (3 different tune or line in some context. sections) ★ Harmony ABA Arch for or ternary form (since it also has 3 section) CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 MEDIUM IN ART Here are a few examples: 1. TRADITIONAL ABCBA Arch form - Done with oil paint (painting), wood (sculpture), SLR camera ABCDE Through composed (no (photography), instruments and repeated section) vocals (music), pen and paper (literature) a) Fine art: watercolor, poster, acrylic and oil paint (painting), wood (sculpture), SLR camera (photography), instruments and vocals (music), pen and paper (literature), etc. b) Folk art: pottery, pottery, weaving, woodcraft, metalcraft, performing, martial arts, ethnomedicine, LESSON 5: MEDIA AND TECHNIQUES maritime transportation (vinta, lepa) Media VS. Medium 2. DIGITAL - The use of digital technology as Media - Refers to the various part of the creation process or the means of mass communication. manner of presentation of the - Encompasses all works. channels of - Ex: computers, mobile phones, communication used digital cameras, drawing and to disseminate painting applications information to a large audience. 3. UNCONVENTIONAL - Plays a vital role in shaping public - found objects, materials not opinion and commonly used influencing people’s - Can be reused or recycled materials behavior that don’t make any sense. Medium - Refers to the specific 4. BODY channel or tool used to convey a message - Performing arts is considered as - Can be a physical body such as: singing (voice), object or an tattoos, cosmetics, body painting intangible concept - Used in art to create a TECHNIQUE particular effect or - Is the manner in which artists use convey a specific and manipulate materials to message achieve the desired formal effect. CPAR 1ST QUARTER | 1ST SEMESTER | 2024-2025 - It is also used to communicate the Sculpture Techniques desired concept, or meaning, according to the artist’s personal style (realistic, abstract, modern, etc.) Drawing Techniques Sculpture: Assembling Printmaking Techniques Drawing Techniques Performing Arts Technique - Movement: Physical Motion - Dance: Series of Movement - Choreography: Planned movements Time in Dance - A dancer's movements might be in sync with or against the beat. Dance moves require time. A dance is performed in the allotted time.