Corals & Climate Change F24 SLH PDF

Please sit with your final case study group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Kaleb Agarano Micah Antick-Oslund Ko’olau Gill Bead Boonta Alissa Cohen Aesha Mae Hendargo-Paoli Jasper Cameron Rylan Ma’ae Katarina Kocher...

Please sit with your final case study group Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 Kaleb Agarano Micah Antick-Oslund Ko’olau Gill Bead Boonta Alissa Cohen Aesha Mae Hendargo-Paoli Jasper Cameron Rylan Ma’ae Katarina Kocher Darius Enshae Jessika Marine Group 4 Group 5 Group 6 Hannah Contreras Megan Feitz Kiarah O’Hare-Pham Kara Pham Brooke Gerber-Perham Makaila Takahashi Trista Silva Emmy Hart Laury Ma’ae Tiana Tran Abby Surowiec Nelly Castro Ortega Group 7 Group 8 ‘Iolani Enoka Sarah Jabbar Tristen Haag Emma Velchek Ganesh Manthena Jasmyn Zimmerman Marcus Strugar  Biol 200 Final Case Study Wednesday, December 11, 8:30-11 am Topic: Corals & Climate Change 1. Individual quiz (20 multiple choice questions, 40 points) 2. Group quiz (10 scratcher questions, 20 points) 3. Group figure analysis & summary question (20 points) Information, resources, and student learning objectives also on Moodle. Extra office hours for next week—use appointments link on Moodle or e-mail me to set up other times. Day 35: Climate change & corals 1. Coral holobiont 2. Climate change 3. Figure analysis Day 35: Climate change & corals Resources. 1 – 10 Learning Objectives. For the Pre-Case Study Quiz associated with the Coral Bleaching Final Case Study, you should be able to: 1. Compare and contrast how energy and nutrients move through ecosystems. a. Explain how human activities are changing the carbon cycle, and describe biological responses to those changes. 2. Describe how organisms carry out nitrogen fixation, including the energy demands involved. 3. Compare and contrast heterotrophy and autotrophy. 4. Explain how photosynthesis captures light energy and transforms it into sugar. a. Name the carbon and energy inputs and outputs for the light-capturing reactions and the Calvin Cycle. b. Identify the electron donor and final electron acceptor for the light- capturing reactions, and explain how they are related to the overall equation for photosynthesis. c. Explain the process of photophosphorylation. 5. Explain how cellular respiration converts energy in molecules such as sugar or fats into ATP. a. Name the four steps of cellular respiration. b. Name the carbon and energy inputs/outputs for oxidative phosphorylation, and identify the energy-rich molecule(s) that is/are the inputs and outputs. c. Identify the electron donor(s) and final electron acceptor for oxidative phosphorylation, and explain how they are related to the overall equation for cellular respiration. 6. Describe the anatomy and key characteristics of corals. a. Name the phylum for corals. b. Draw a coral polyp (and its associated skeleton). Label and describe the function (e.g., feeding, skeleton formation, etc.) of the tentacles, mouth, gastrovascular cavity, endoderm, zooxanthellae, coenosarc, calyx, theca, and basal plate. c. Describe how corals feed, including the role of cnidocytes and nematocysts, tentacles, and gastrovascular cavity. d. Explain how stony corals build skeletons, and how environmental factors influence the rate of skeleton growth. 7. Describe the organisms involved in the in the coral holobiont, and their functions. a. Explain the role of zooxanthellae in corals, and how they are related to coral bleaching. b. Explain the role of cyanobacteria in corals, and why they are important. c. Name other organisms that participate in the coral holobiont, where they occur, and how they may affect coral growth and survival. 8. Describe risks coral reefs face. a. Explain what happens during coral bleaching, and the factors that are associated with it. b. Explain how changes in the carbon cycle cause ocean acidification and ocean warming, and why these changes affect corals. c. Explain how stressors such as heat or acidification affect energy balance in corals. G Tott % E Levels of Biological Organization * [  harpoon- 1. Coral holobiont ANIMALS unidogies eukaryotes - CNIDARIA - chidocytes = nemotocysts = Stinging cells charpoons) BODY FORMS (2) & polyp * Medusa Figure 30.1 attached = sessile (float  CORAL ANATOMY-colonies of 100s 100 , 000s polyps - CORAL HOLOBIONT- group of organisms that live with un un crals (symbiosis) whole unit of life & - O cyanobacteria - F prokaryotes N-fixers - p ② zooxanthellae algae eukaryotes outside ~ live inside sells - SKELETON - of inner living secreted by photosynthesis polyps Epigments CaCO3 give corals color. requires Coz 2  coral polyp sugars biologically Photo availa Critof enut. avail N cyanobacteria. zooxanthellae. photosynthesis N-fixers adapted from Iha et al., 2020 bioRxiv 2. Climate change not effect of humans : recent changes in CO2 C from soil/sediments industria 45 a d ↑ agriculture causes atmosphere climate change. # - - - Figure 53.16 Text: pg. 1129  EUTROPHICATION # - [ bleaching d growth O of crals Ocean Service (NOAA) Plickers question: Hold up your card so that your desired answer is located at the top edge of the card. oceans absorb CO2 (33 %] Which is the largest reservoir of carbon shown on this diagram? A) & 16 O B) C) D) CO2 uptake acidifies oceans. CO2 + H20 > - H2H + Eacidifyingso Of acidification W * a candesins ↑ X = Buffering : Consumes COzz- H+ Hog longer avail for Coz - + > nu , curals lowers acidification (less) o growth ↓. warmer waters > - coral bleaching ↳ heat stress on corals eject zooxanthellae 160 90 % - lost) O Death healthy = zooxanth. return overgrown by algue 3. Figure analysis 1. Label the top and the bottom of the right Y-axis as either “more acidic” or “more basic.” more base? mar acidin 2. For each of the colored symbols, complete the table below: [ O ↑ over time same fremd ① ↑ - over time G ↓o over trie 3. Which of the two variables shown on the graph above show the same trend or pattern over time? Why does it make sense that these two variables show the same trend? both measuring (O2 4. Using what we have talked about in class today, explain what most likely causes the pattern seen for the pH of seawater. Is it related to one or more of the other variables shown in this figure? CO2 absorbed > - releases It from Hzl0z- water acidifies. Exam 4 Performance Exam 4 Average: 74 Median: 74 High: 99 Low: 46.5 A − 6 (24%) B −3X 2 (8%) C − 7 (28%) D − 3 (12%) F − 7 (28%)