Painting Techniques and History (PDF)

PAINTING  Painting This refers to the art of illustrating the artist’s creativeness on a flat surface such as canvas, This form of art conveys lots of meaning to people. Some paintings are based on real life, but others are the products of the artists’ imagination....

PAINTING  Painting This refers to the art of illustrating the artist’s creativeness on a flat surface such as canvas, This form of art conveys lots of meaning to people. Some paintings are based on real life, but others are the products of the artists’ imagination. People appreciate paintings for some reasons. They say if a person is cheerful, he appreciates work of arts with bright colors. Others love paintings because these artworks are related with their field of experience.  Elements of Painting Line Texture Value Space Loading… Color  Line It is the simplest and universal of the six elements. It has two general categories: ⚬ (a) straight line refers to horizontal, vertical, and diagonal lines. A horizontal line connotes rest, calmness, and relaxation. A vertical line connotes poise, force and balance. A slanting line or Diagonal line connotes instability and loss of control.  Texture This refers to the external aspect of paintings. The application of paint may be thin and smooth, shiny or Loading… dull, and thick or rough.  Value This refers to lightness and darkness of a color. When colors are greatly diluted with white, they are called tints; the colors that are darker by the addition of black are called shades.  Space The artist ought to put the objects in their proper places to help the viewers interpret the paintings.  Color This gives life to any visual arts. It is the shade used by an artist that shows the real image of something and presents the connotation of each colored objectin the artwork. Color There are two kinds of color: (a) Warm colors are called advancing colors because they make the objects appear larger and nearer to the viewers. (b) Cool colors are receding colors because they give a peaceful effect on the paintings.  Hue literally means color. It refers to as pure color, or as the dominant color the object.  Value is the quantity of white or black that is added to a hue. Loading…  Intensity is the degree of brightness of a hue. The colors in the color color wheel are at their full intensity (bright). But once we added white, black or gray to any color becomes dull COLOR SCHEME  Monochromatic is using the same hue with different gradients of value, or referring to one hue of several tones.  Analogous involves the use of three adjacent colors in the color wheel, or the three colors next to each other.  Complementary colors consist of two colors which give a strongest contrast with one another  Split Complementary is a scheme using three colors. Select one color on the color wheel. Let’s say green and find its complement which is red and then choose the color on each side of the red plus green to achieve split complementary scheme.  Triadic uses three colors that are of equal distance from each other.  Square Tetradic consists of four colors with equal spaced between them.  Rectangular Tetradic is similar to square tetradic scheme with four colors. To achieve rectangular tetradic, draw a rectangular shape as shown in the figure below.  Shape This refers to an enclosed two-dimensional area. Shape is formed whenever lines connect both ends. Principles of Designs  Rhythm It is a repetition of lines, shapes, sizes and colors in the artworks.  Proportion It describes the relationship of dimension of the objects when compared to another object. It is important to give proportion to the elements of the artwork to emphasize their meanings. Besides, failure of the artist to do this, the resulting image will be less realistic.  Rhythm This may be formal (symmetrical) or informal (asymmetrical). Formal balance is bring off if the objects are similar in forms, appearances, and sizes at equal distances from the center. This kind of arrangement of objects gives the viewers an impression of self-respect, seriousness, and formality. Informal balance is achieved by arranging the things which are dissimilar in shapes, appearances, and sizes at equal distance from the center. It gives an impression of something natural and relaxed. Although unlike objects follow the asymmetrical order, but still, they give a pleasing appearance to the viewers.  Harmony This is achieved if the artwork has similar or related elements. You can also show harmony through colors, lines, shapes, forms, and texture in your work.  Emphasis This is the center of attraction of the artwork. There are various ways used by an artist to show emphasis. The artist may use color, size or position of the object making the other elements appear subordinates to the main subject. Loading…  Some Ways of Presenting the Art Subject  Realism This refers to the real appearance of the major and minor objects shown in the artworks. Ivan the Terrible and His Son Ivan Painting by Ilya Repin  Abstraction There are some techniques to show abstract subjects. a. Expressionism. The expressionist uses distortion, swirling, and exaggeration in order to convey his feelings. The artist has an emphasis on emotional content. b. Mangling. The artist presents the subject that is cut or hacked. c. Cubism. The cubist expresses his subject with the use of cone, cylinder and geometric shapes. Abstract Art by Vassily Kandinsky – Small worlds I, 1922 and Several Circles, 1926  Symbolism This also expresses emotions, thoughts and fantasies. The elements of the artwork represent an idea. The Spolarium painted by Luna gives us a glimpse of Roman history. It informed us about the dying gladiators who were devoid of their worldly possessions.  Impressionism The impressionist usually paints about outdoor activities capturing realistic scenes. He is also interested with landscapes as his subjects. Wheatfield with Crows by Van Gogh  Fauvism This is characterized by vivid colors resulting to a vibrant effect. The concern of the artist is to give enjoyment that’s why depression is out of his theme. He does not conform with the actual appearance of the object Green Stripe, 1905 by Henri Matisse pertaining to its color.  Dadaism The concern of the artist is to show in public the wickedness of the society. The presentation is somewhat shocking and provoking. Marcel Duchamp’s Fountain, 1917 Man Ray, Ingres’s Violin, 1924  Futurism The artist is concerned with the view of the modern world. His works appear worthier and more splendid with a touch of advanced technology. The subject expresses modernization. Umberto Boccioni’s Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913, cast 1972)  Surrealism The surrealists view the world as a magical one, or beyond reality. He may also present his subject with violence or cruelty. Salvador Dali’s Persistence of Memory Color Harmony  Complementary colors (contrasted color harmony) It neutralizes or intensifies each other when they are combined. Examples: a combination of pink and blue; black and white. Van Gogh’s Still Life with Irises  Monochromatic colors (related color harmony). This consists of several tones of one hue. Example: dark blue- royal blue-sky blue Burnt Umber by Yun Hyong-keun Some Noted Filipino Painters 1. Juan Luna won the first gold medal in the National Exposition of Fine Arts in Madrid (1884). His artwork Blood Compact won the silver medal at Universal Exposition in St. Louis Missouri, USA in 1904. Spolarium, his other work of art, means spoils of war. 2. Fernando Amorsolo was the first National Artist in the country. He specialized in Philippine settings and perfected contrasting hues for harmony. He was known for using backlight technique in painting, making his creation bright and cheerful. His major works are entitled Dalagang Bukid, El Ciego, The Mestiza and Planting Rice. 3. Victor D. Edades, the Father of Modern Philippine Painting, led an assemblage called “The Thirteen Moderns “. He was known for using dark somber colors. He focused on factory workers, laborers and simple town people as his subjects. 4. Carlos “Botong” Francisco was the most distinguished mural painter for three decades. He used historical events as his subject. His major works are entitled First Mass at Limasawa, Bayanihan and The Invasion of Limahong. 5. Vicente Manansala used abstract and cubist styles. He focused on realistic themes. His major works are entitled A Cluster of Nipa Hut, Market Vendors and Madonna of the Slums. 6. Hernando R. Ocampo was known for his abstract paintings. His works featured shapes bounded with curved lines painted in intense colors. His masterpiece “Genesis” was the basis of the design of the curtain of CCP Main Theater. His major works are entitled Slum Dwellers, Genesis, and Ina ng Balon. 7. Cesar Legaspi was known for utilizing the cubism method with geometric shapes. His artworks include Morning Dance, Gadgets and Reclining Nude. 8. Ang Kiukok painted a subject about nationalism and sociological agenda through cubistic forms. Some of his artworks are entitled Fisherman, Fighting Figures and Crucifixion. 9. Benedicto Cabrero was known as “Bencab” and he was marked as the best seller of his generation. His artwork “Sabel” is a symbol of dislocation, despair and isolation