CONSCIOUSNESS PDF

Thursday, November 7, 2024 4:42 AM CONSCIOUSNESS Consciousness: - The awareness of internal and external stimuli Hypnosis: - Trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility - Sleep-like state but not asleep Mesmerism (animal...

Thursday, November 7, 2024 4:42 AM CONSCIOUSNESS Consciousness: - The awareness of internal and external stimuli Hypnosis: - Trance-like mental state in which people experience increased attention, concentration, and suggestibility - Sleep-like state but not asleep Mesmerism (animal magnetism): - A presumed intangible or mysterious force that is said to influence human beings (mesmerisation) - Franz Mesmer Electroencephalograph (EEG): - A device that monitors the electrical activity of the brain over time by means of recording electrodes attached to the surface of the scalp EEG bands: - Human brain-wave activity is divided into four principle bands, based on the frequency of the brain waves: Beta (13-24 cps): - Normal waking thought, alert problem solving Alpha (8-12): - Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation Theta (4-7 cps): - Light sleep  - Deep relaxation, blank mind, meditation Theta (4-7 cps): - Light sleep Delta (less than 4): - Deep sleep Sleep Biological rhythms: - Periodic fluctuations in physiological functioning Circadian rhythms: - The 24-hr biological cycles found in humans and many other species - the physical, mental and behavioural changes over 24 hr cycle Five stages of sleep - Stage 1 ○ Start of sleep cycle ○ Light sleep (theta) ○ Easy to wake - Stage 2 ○ Duration = 20 min ○ Bursts of rapid brain activity - sleep spindles ○ Decrease in body temp and HR - Stage 3 ○ Deep and slow brain waves (delta) ○ Transition from light to deep sleep - Stage 4: ○ Slow brain waves (delta) ○ Duration = 30min ○ Bed-wetting ○ Sleepwalking - Stage 5: ○ Rapid eye movement (REM) ○ Increased respiration ○ Increased brain activity ○ Sometimes referred to as a "paradoxical" sleep ○ Duration = ~90 min - but varies throughout the night  ○ Increased respiration ○ Increased brain activity ○ Sometimes referred to as a "paradoxical" sleep ○ Duration = ~90 min - but varies throughout the night Hypnogogic hallucination: ○ Brief hallucinations that take place as you're falling asleep - During "hypnogogia" - transition state from wakefulness to sleep Hypnopompic hallucination: ○ During "hypnopomp" - transition state from sleep to waking Dream analysis: - Freud believed dreams are a window to the unconscious - Dream analysis - key to psychoanalytic theory ○ Reflect inner perspectives on the psyche ○ Reflect the unconscious part of personality