Computer Notes for SSC CGL PDF

# Computer Notes for SSC CGL PDF - Download For Free Now! The Computer Notes for SSC CGL PDF is an important study material to grasp the fundamental computer concepts tested in the Combined Graduate Level Exam. As the exam tests candidates' basic understanding of computers, having short but effecti...

# Computer Notes for SSC CGL PDF - Download For Free Now! The Computer Notes for SSC CGL PDF is an important study material to grasp the fundamental computer concepts tested in the Combined Graduate Level Exam. As the exam tests candidates' basic understanding of computers, having short but effective notes in a downloadable PDF format can help you prepare thoroughly. ## Important Computer Notes for SSC CGL Below we have shared topic-wise notes for the Computer subject asked in the SSC CGL exam. ### Basics of computer organization Below are the basics of computer organization for SSC CGL: * **Central Processing Unit (CPU):** The CPU is the brain of the computer. It processes instructions and performs calculations. It consists of control unit and arithmetic logic unit. * **Memory:** The computer's memory stores programs and data to be processed by the CPU. There are two types - RAM and ROM. RAM is used for temporary storage while ROM stores permanent data and programs. * **Registers:** Registers are small storage areas within the CPU. They temporarily store data and instructions being processed. Some examples are program counter, instruction register, stack pointer register etc. * **Buses:** Buses are pathways inside the computer that connect different components. Examples are data bus, address bus and control bus. * **Instructions:** Instructions are commands that tell the CPU what to do. They are stored in memory as binary codes. Common instruction types are load, store, arithmetic, logical, branch etc. * **Number Systems:** Computers use the binary number system (base 2) for internal processing. Decimal and hexadecimal (base 16) systems are also used. * **Logic Gates:** Components like AND, OR and NOT gates are used to build circuits that perform logical operations. They enable the CPU to process instructions. * **Instruction Cycle:** The sequence of events that occur when an instruction is executed. It involves fetching the instruction, decoding it, executing it and storing the result. Know about input and output devices now! ### Operating system concepts Below are the important operating system concepts for SSC CGL: * **Function of an OS:** The main functions of an operating system are process management, memory management, storage management, I/O management and security. * **Types of OS:** Based on design, OS can be classified as single-user, multi-user, embedded, real-time, distributed etc. Based on interface, graphical and command-line OS exist. ### File system: An OS organizes data into files and represents them in a hierarchical structure with directories. It provides ways to create, open, read, modify and delete files. ### Files and directories: Files contain data and programs. Directories store related files in a hierarchical structure to organize and locate them easily. ### System tools: Tools that come with an OS to perform system-level operations like disk defragmenter, device manager, backup, disk cleanup, task manager, event viewer, etc. ### Batch files: Special text files with the .bat extension that contain sequences of commands to run programs and applications in the OS. ### Daemons: Processes that run continuously in the background to perform services for the OS and users. Examples are syslogd, httpd, sshd etc. ### Processes: A program that is being executed or a program in memory is called a process. An OS manages multiple processes by scheduling and allocating CPU time. ### Shell: The user interface of an OS that interprets commands and runs programs. Example shells are Windows Command Prompt, macOS Terminal and Linux shells. ## Networking fundamentals Below are the networking fundamentals for SSC CGL: ### Types of networks * **LAN:** Local Area Network connects computers within a building or campus. Uses high-speed connections. * **WAN:** Wide Area Network connects LANs across cities or countries. Uses public infrastructure. * **MAN:** Metropolitan Area Network operates within a city or town. Faster than WAN. * **PAN:** Personal Area Network connects devices within 10 meters. Uses technologies like Bluetooth. ### Network devices * **Hub:** passively connects network cables and broadcasts data to all ports. Not used much now. * **Switch:** connects network devices and sends data to specific ports. Faster and more intelligent than hub. * **Router:** connect multiple networks and selects best path to send data across networks. Know about Computer virus & Cybersecurity now! ### Network topologies * **Bus:** all nodes connected to a single cable (hub). Easy and cheap. Main cable failure affects all devices. * **Star:** nodes connected to a central hub/switch. Fault tolerant. Flexible and scalable. * **Ring:** nodes connected in a closed loop. Easy to implement and low cost. Single break disconnects entire network. * **Mesh:** every node connected to every other node. Highly fault tolerant and reliable. Expensive to implement. ### Network media: Guided media (cables) and wireless technologies used to create network connections. Examples are UTP cable, optical fiber, WiFi, Infrared, Bluetooth, etc. These fundamental networking concepts related to network types, devices, topologies and media are important to study for the computer section of the SSC CGL exam. Regular practice of relevant questions will help you prepare thoroughly. ## HTML, XML are some important concepts regarding HTML and XML for SSC CGL: ### HTML * HTML stands for Hypertext Markup Language * It is used to create web pages and define their structure * HTML uses tags to mark elements in a document #### Important HTML Tags: * `<html>`: defines an HTML document * `<head>`: contains meta information * `<title>`: defines document title * `<body>`: contains document's actual content * `<h1>` to `<h6>`: defines headings * `<p>`: defines paragraphs * `<img>`: defines image * `<a>`: defines hyperlink * `<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`: for unordered/ordered lists * `<table>`: defines table * `<tr>`: defines table row * `<th>`, `<td>`: defines table header and data cells ### XML * XML stands for eXtensible Markup Language * It is used to store and transport data * XML tags are user-defined, unlike predefined HTML tags. #### Input XML Concepts: * XML tags must have a start and end tag * `<tagname>Data</tagname>` * XML tags are not predefined. They are defined by the user. * XML uses attributes to provide more information about tags `<tagname attribute="value">` * XML has an XML schema which defines the structure and allowed elements * XML is commonly used to store and exchange data. ## Internet, email concepts are some important Internet and email concepts for SSC CGL: ### Internet * **URL:** Uniform Resource Locator is the web address of a webpage, file or resource on the Internet. It consists of protocol, domain name and path. * **IP address:** Internet Protocol address is a unique numeric identifier for devices on a network. It consists of 4 numbers separated by periods. * **Web browser:** Software like Chrome, Firefox, Edge etc. used to access webpages and view content on the Internet. * **Search engines:** Websites that allow users to search the Internet for information. Examples are Google, Bing, Yahoo. * **Web hosting:** Web hosting services provide server space and bandwidth for hosting websites and making them accessible online. ### Email * **Email components:** Email consists of sender address, recipient address, subject line and message body. Attachments can also be sent. * **Email clients:** Software like Gmail, Outlook, Thunderbird etc. used to send, receive and organize emails. * **Email protocols:** Key protocols related to emails are SMTP (for sending emails), IMAP/POP (for retrieving emails). * **Spam:** Unwanted or unsolicited emails sent in bulk for commercial purposes. Anti-spam solutions use techniques like blacklisting, whitelisting, keyword filtering etc. * **Spoofing:** Technique to hide the actual identity of an email sender by using a fake email address. ## MS Office - Word, Excel, PowerPoint Below are some important concepts regarding MS Office applications for SSC CGL: ### MS Word * **Headers and footers:** Add page numbers, dates, text in headers and footers. * **Bullet and Numbering:** Format text with bullet points, numbered lists. * **Tables:** Create and format tables with rows and columns. * **Mail Merge:** Insert data from an Excel file into a Word document. * **Styles:** Apply styles to format multiple elements at once. ### MS Excel * **Formulas:** Use functions like SUM, AVERAGE, IF, VLOOKUP etc. in calculations. * **Charts:** Create various types of charts - column, bar, pie, line etc. * **Functions:** Use in-built functions to manipulate data. * **Pivot Tables:** Analyze and summarize large data sets. * **Filtering and sorting:** Arrange data in ascending or descending order. ### MS PowerPoint * **Slides:** Create, navigate and modify slides in a presentation. * **Transitions:** Apply effects when switching from one slide to another. * **Animations:** Add movement and visual effects to text and objects. * **Templates:** Choose from built-in templates to create presentations quickly. * **Embed:** Insert objects like images, tables, charts, videos, hyperlinks etc. ## How to prepare for computer subject for SSC CGL? Below are some tips to prepare for the computer subject in SSC CGL exam: * **Go through the syllabus and exam pattern:** Study the detailed syllabus and understand the exam pattern. Know the number of questions, marking scheme, topics to be covered, etc. This will help you make an effective study plan. * **Practice from previous year question papers:** Solve as many previous year question papers as possible. This will help you identify the important topics, difficulty level and pattern of questions asked in the exam. * **Strengthen fundamentals:** Revise the computer basics like hardware components, software, operating system concepts, networks, etc. Practice shortcuts to improve speed. * **Master MS Office:** Focus on commonly tested features and functions of MS Word, Excel and PowerPoint. Learn keyboard shortcuts to save time. * **Improve speed and accuracy:** Practice as many questions and exercises as possible to build speed and accuracy in solving computer-related questions within the allotted time. * **Use short notes:** Create short notes and concept summaries of important topics. Revise them regularly. These notes will come handy during the exam. * **Take mock tests:** Appear for as many full-length or sectional online or offline mocks as possible. Analyze your performance and identify weak areas. * **Time management:** During the exam, allocate optimal time for each question based on difficulty level. Attempt easy questions first to boost confidence. * **Avoid guesswork:** Do not randomly select options if you do not know the answer. Instead, move on and return to it later if time permits. * **Maintain focus:** Stay calm and focused during the exam. Read the questions carefully and refer to short notes/formulae sheets if provided. Hopefully, this article on the Computer Notes for SSC CGL was informative to you. For better preparation assistance of SSC CGL and other Govt. competitive exams, the candidates can download the Testbook App. Here you get online classes, test series and previous year's papers all at one place.