Competency 1 OA Review PDF

OLI advantages refer to a firm's quest for \_\_\_\_\_via FDI. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------- -- | | a. outso...

OLI advantages refer to a firm's quest for \_\_\_\_\_via FDI. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------- -- | | a. outsourcing advantages, licensing advantages, and importing a | | dvantages | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------------------- -- | | b. oligopolistic advantages, laissez-faire advantages, and intra | | firm trade advantages | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- -- | | c. organization advantages, leadership advantages, and innovatio | | n advantages | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **d. ownership advantages, location advantages, and internalizat | | ion advantages** | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------ -- | | | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ \_\_\_\_ is an attack on a competitor\'s other markets if this competitor attacks a firm\'s original market. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------------- -- | | a. Mutual forbearance | | -- ----------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- --------------------------- -- | | b. Multimarket dependency | | -- --------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------------------- -- | | **c. Cross-market retaliation** | | -- --------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | d. Market commonality | | -- ----------------------- | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The country-of-origin effect refers to \_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------- -- | | a. the inherent disadvantages foreign firms experience in home c | | ountries | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------- -- | | **b. the positive or negative perception of firms and products f | | rom a certain country** | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- -- | | c. the inherent advantages domestic firms experience in their ho | | me countries | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | d. only the negative perception of firms and products from a cer | | tain country | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The \_\_\_\_\_ theory viewed international trade as a zero-sum game. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------- -- | | a. national competitive advantage of industries | | -- ------------------------------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- --------------------- -- | | **b. mercantilism** | | -- --------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------- -- | | c. strategic trade | | -- -------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------- | | d. comparative advantage | | -- -------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The term \"emerging economies\" has replaced the term \_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------ -- | | a. developed countries | | -- ------------------------ -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------------ -- | | b. first-world markets | | -- ------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------ -- | | c. Triad markets | | -- ------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------------------- -- | | **d. developing countries** | | -- ----------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ \_\_\_\_\_ refers to non-financial companies spreading out its activities in different currency zones in order to offset the currency losses in certain regions through gains in other regions. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------- -- | | **a. Strategic hedging** | | -- -------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- --------------------- -- | | b. Currency pegging | | -- --------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------- -- | | c. Currency hedging | | -- --------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------- | | d. Currency swapping | | -- ---------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is a primary cost of FDI to home countries? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------ -- | | a. Loss of sovereignty | | -- ------------------------ -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --- -- | | b. Increased exports of components and services to host countrie | | s | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------- -- | | **c. Capital outflow and job loss** | | -- ------------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------- | | d. Increase in local competition | | -- ---------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ \_\_\_\_\_ are restrictions on the quantity of imports. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------- -- | | a. VERs | | -- --------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- -------------- -- | | b. Subsidies | | -- -------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------- -- | | **c. Import quotas** | | -- ---------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | | | d. Antidumping duties | | | +================================+================================+ | | | | A trade \_\_\_\_\_ is an | | | | | economic condition in which a | | | | | nation imports more than it | | | | | exports. | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- ------------ -- | | | | | | | a. surplus | | | | | | | -- ------------ -- | | | | | | | | | | | +===========================+ | | | | | | -- ---------------- -- | | | | | | | **b. deficit** | | | | | | | -- ---------------- -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------- -- | | | | | | | c. VER | | | | | | | -- -------- -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- ------------ | | | | | | | d. embargo | | | | | | | -- ------------ | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The resource-based view of global business differs from the institution-based view of global business in that the resource-based view \_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --- -- | | a. advocates adopting a single method for achieving globalizatio | | n | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- | | **b. focuses on the internal strengths on the firm** | | -- ------------------------------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------------------------- -- | | c. postulates the ideology of localization | | -- -------------------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------- | | d. supports the ideology of total globalization | | -- ------------------------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is true of modes of entry? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------- -- | | a. Non-equity modes are methods used to enter a market in the ho | | me country. | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------------------- -- | | b. Non-equity modes require the establishment of independent org | | anizations overseas. | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------- -- | | c. Equity modes do not require the establishment of independent | | organizations overseas. | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | | **d. Equity modes | | | | | | are indicative of | | | | | | relatively larger, | | | | | | harder-to-reverse | | | | | | commitments.** | | | | +=====================+=====================+=====================+ | | | | \_\_\_\_\_ suggests | | | | | | that FDI, | | | | | | unrestricted by | | | | | | government | | | | | | intervention, will | | | | | | enable countries to | | | | | | tap into their | | | | | | absolute or | | | | | | comparative | | | | | | advantages by | | | | | | specializing in the | | | | | | production of | | | | | | certain goods or | | | | | | services. | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --- -- | | | | | | | | a. The mo | | | | | | | | nopolistic vie | | | | | | | | w | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --- -- | | | | | | | | | | | | | +================+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | ------------ - | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | | b. The ra | | | | | | | | dical view | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | ------------ - | | | | | | | | - | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | | | **c. The | | | | | | | | free-market vi | | | | | | | | ew** | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | d. Pragmat | | | | | | | | ic nationalism | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Which o | | | | | | | | f the followin | | | | | | | | g industry cha | | | | | | | | racteristics c | | | | | | | | ontributes to | | | | | | | | collusion? | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | a. Existen | | | | | | | | ce of many fir | | | | | | | | ms in the mark | | | | | | | | et | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | b. Low bar | | | | | | | | riers to entry | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | c. | | | | | | | |  Existence of | | | | | | | | an industry pr | | | | | | | | ice leader | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | d. Lack of | | | | | | | | market common | | | | | | | | ality | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The \_\_\_\_\_ of globalization suggests that globalization is neither recent nor one-directional. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------ -- | | a. colonial view | | -- ------------------ -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ----------------------------- -- | | b. long-run historical view | | -- ----------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------- -- | | c. new-force view | | -- ------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------- -- | | **d. pendulum view** | | -- ---------------------- -- | | | | With regard to foreign market entry, the resource-based view argues | | that foreign firms need to | | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ---------------------- -- | | | | a. be aware of the numerous regulatory risks and trade and | | | | investment barriers. | | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ---------------------- -- | | | | | +==================================================================+ | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | -------------------------------------- -- | | | | **b. deploy overwhelming resources and capabilities to offs | | | | et their liability of foreignness.** | | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | -------------------------------------- -- | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ------------- -- | | | | c. understand the numerous differences in cultures, norms, | | | | and values. | | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ------------- -- | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | -- | | | | d. take actions deemed legitimate and appropriate by the va | | | | rious formal and informal institutions governing market entries. | | | | -- ----------------------------------------------------------- | | | | ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | -- | | | +------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ The \_\_\_\_\_ theory is based on the assumption that the wealth of the world is fixed. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------------- -- | | a. product life cycle | | -- ----------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- -------------------- -- | | b. strategic trade | | -- -------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------- -- | | **c. mercantilism** | | -- --------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------- | | d. national competitive advantage of industries | | -- ------------------------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is a non-equity mode of entry? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------- -- | | **a. Turnkey projects** | | -- ------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------- -- | | b. Joint ventures | | -- ------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------- -- | | c. Green-fields | | -- ----------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------- | | d. Acquisitions | | -- ----------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following does the institution-based view of global business lay emphasis on? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------------- -- | | a. Acquiring resources that belong to the host nation | | -- ------------------------------------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------------------------------------------------ -- | | b. Focusing on the capabilities of the firm's headquarters | | -- ------------------------------------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | | c. Consolidating the internal assets of a firm | | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | | **d. Understanding | | | | | | the laws and values | | | | | | of the firm's host | | | | | | nation** | | | | +=====================+=====================+=====================+ | | | | | | | | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | | Which of the | | | | | | following is true | | | | | | of globalization | | | | | | according to the | | | | | | "new force" | | | | | | perspective? | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | | | a. It is | | | | | | | | a process of t | | | | | | | | rade integrati | | | | | | | | on that has bo | | | | | | | | th advantages | | | | | | | | and disadvanta | | | | | | | | ges. | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | | | | | | | | +================+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --------- -- | | | | | | | | b. It is | | | | | | | | a phenomenon t | | | | | | | | hat is technol | | | | | | | | ogically out o | | | | | | | | f sync. | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --------- -- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | - -- | | | | | | | | **c. It i | | | | | | | | s a western id | | | | | | | | eology focused | | | | | | | | on exploiting | | | | | | | | and dominatin | | | | | | | | g the world th | | | | | | | | rough MNEs**. | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | - -- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --------- | | | | | | | | d. It is | | | | | | | | a historical a | | | | | | | | spect of human | | | | | | | | trade. | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | --------- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is a primary cost of FDI to host countries? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------- -- | | **a. Loss of sovereignty** | | -- ---------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------- -- | | b. Capital inflow | | -- ------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | | c. Increase in competition between local firms | | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------- | | d. Capital and job loss | | -- ------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following entry modes is a type of strategic alliance? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------- -- | | a. Acquisition | | -- ---------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------- -- | | b. Wholly owned subsidiary | | -- ---------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------- -- | | c. Export | | -- ----------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | **d. Licensing** | | -- ------------------ -- | | | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ A clean floating exchange rate policy is a government policy to \_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -- | | a. set exchange rates purely on the basis of supply and demand | | | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- -------------------------------------------------------------- - | | - | | b. link the exchange rate of a currency to the gold standard | | -- -------------------------------------------------------------- - | | - | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --------------------- -- | | **c. allow a currency's value to fluctuate according to the fore | | ign exchange rate** | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | --------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------- | | d. allow selective government intervention in determining the ex | | change rate | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Efficiency-seeking firms go to countries that have \_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------------------- -- | | **a. economies of scale and abundance of low-cost factors** | | -- ------------------------------------------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------------------------- -- | | b. an abundance of natural resources and related transport and c | | ommunication infrastructure | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ----------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------- -- | | c. a strong demand for their products and services | | -- ---------------------------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- | | d. world-class innovations (innovative individuals, firms, and u | | niversities) | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ A \_\_\_\_\_ is the price of one currency, such as the dollar, in terms of another, such as the euro. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------- -- | | a. stock exchange index | | -- ------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------------------ -- | | b. commodities exchange rate | | -- ------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------------- -- | | c. securities market rate | | -- --------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | | | | **d. foreign | | | | | | exchange rate** | | | | +=====================+=====================+=====================+ | | | | The process of | | | | | | anticipating | | | | | | rivals' actions in | | | | | | order to both | | | | | | revise a firm's | | | | | | plan and prepare to | | | | | | deal with rivals' | | | | | | response is called | | | | | | \_\_\_\_\_. | | | | | | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ----- -- | | | | | | | | **a. comp | | | | | | | | etitor analysi | | | | | | | | s** | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ----- -- | | | | | | | | | | | | | +================+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ----- -- | | | | | | | | b. multim | | | | | | | | arket competit | | | | | | | | ion | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | ----- -- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -- | | | | | | | | c. prison | | | | | | | | ers' dilemma | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | -- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | | d. mutual | | | | | | | | forbearance | | | | | | | | -- --------- | | | | | | | | -------------- | | | | | | | +----------------+ | | | | +---------------------+---------------------+---------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Firms prefer FDI to licensing because FDI\_\_\_\_\_. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------ -- | | **a. provides the firm with direct ownership to its foreign asse | | ts** | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ------ -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------------- -- | | b. increases the chances of opportunism when dealing with a host | | nation entity | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | ---------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------------------------------- -- | | c. protects the firm from economic agglomeration | | -- -------------------------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------------- | | d. requires complete dissemination of technological know-how to | | host nation entity | | -- ---------------------------------------------------------------- | | -------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Laws that make it illegal for an exporter to sell goods below cost abroad with the intent to raise prices after eliminating local rivals are called \_\_\_\_\_ laws. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------- -- | | **a. antidumping** | | -- -------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- --------------- -- | | b. anticartel | | -- --------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------- -- | | c. collusion | | -- -------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------- | | d. antitrust | | -- -------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is a first-mover advantage? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- | | **a. Avoidance of clash with a dominant firm at home** | | -- -------------------------------------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- --------------------------------------------------------- -- | | b. Opportunity to free ride on second mover investments | | -- --------------------------------------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | | c. No difficulty in adapting to market changes | | -- ------------------------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | | | | d. Resolution of technological | | | | | and market uncertainty | | | | | | | | | | Import quotas are a type of | | | | | \_\_\_\_\_. | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | - -- | | | | | | | a. antidumping duty | | | | | | | | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | - -- | | | | | | | | | | | +===========================+ | | | | | | -- ------------------- | | | | | | | -- | | | | | | | b. tariff barrier | | | | | | | -- ------------------- | | | | | | | -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ----------- -- | | | | | | | c. voluntary export | | | | | | | restraint | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ----------- -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | | **d. nontariff barri | | | | | | | er** | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ------ -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | | | | | \_\_\_\_\_ are tariffs levied | | | | | on imports sold below costs to | | | | | drive domestic firms out of | | | | | business. | | | | | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ------- -- | | | | | | | **a. Antidumping dut | | | | | | | ies** | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ------- -- | | | | | | | | | | | +===========================+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ----------- -- | | | | | | | b. Local content req | | | | | | | uirements | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | ----------- -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | -------------- -- | | | | | | | c. Voluntary export | | | | | | | requirements | | | | | | | -- -------------------- | | | | | | | -------------- -- | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | | | | -- ------------------ | | | | | | | d. Import quotas | | | | | | | -- ------------------ | | | | | | +---------------------------+ | | | +--------------------------------+--------------------------------+ | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ Which of the following is a classical theory of international trade? +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ------------------------------------- -- | | **a. Comparative advantage theory** | | -- ------------------------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------------------ -- | | b. Product life cycle theory | | -- ------------------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------------- -- | | c. Strategic trade theory | | -- --------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- -------------------------------------------------------- | | d. National competitive advantage of industries theory | | -- -------------------------------------------------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ \_\_\_\_ refers to the amount of resources committed to entering a foreign market. +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------------- -- | | **a. Scale of entry** | | -- ----------------------- -- | +=======================================================================+ | -- ------------------ -- | | b. Mode of entry | | -- ------------------ -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- --------------------------- -- | | c. Institutional distance | | -- --------------------------- -- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+ | -- ----------------- | | d. Benchmarking | | -- ----------------- | +-----------------------------------------------------------------------+