CMSC 132- 2 Fundamentals of Computer Design.pdf

CMSC 132: Computer Architecture Fundamentals of Computer Design Reginald Neil C. Recario {[email protected]} Institute of Computer Science College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños Outline Components of an architecture: von Neumann Architecture r...

CMSC 132: Computer Architecture Fundamentals of Computer Design Reginald Neil C. Recario {[email protected]} Institute of Computer Science College of Arts and Sciences University of the Philippines Los Baños Outline Components of an architecture: von Neumann Architecture revisited Architecture and Organization The FDE Cycle RISC vs CISC References Learning Outcomes At the end of the topic discussion, the student will be able to: Define organization, architecture, structure, and function Define what an FDE cycle is Explain what happens in an FDE cycle Explain the differences between RISC and CISC Components of an architecture: von Neumann Architecture revisited 4 Components of an architecture... What comprises a given Computer Architecture? Components of an architecture... Let’s look at the von Neumann Architecture Components of an architecture... von Neumann Architecture A single memory, stored program architecture based on John von Neumann’s paper John von Neumann was a Hungarian-American computer scientist Components of an architecture... Components of an architecture... The architecture describes interacting units like Input and output devices CPU Memory Components of an Architecture… Source: http://images.slideplayer.com/17/5283642/slides/slide_2.jpg Components of an architecture... But wait…. Are the units mentioned under “architecture”? Let’s see them first before we answer the question. Components of an architecture... ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit The digital circuit responsible for different arithmetic and logical operations Components of an architecture... Source: http://esd.cs.ucr.edu/labs/alu/alu_sch.gif Components of an architecture... Some of the things you need to remember/recall from CMSC 130: Full adder and half adder MUX Decoder Components of an architecture... Half adder Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Half_Adder.svg Components of an architecture... Full adder Source: http://cnx.org/resources/ec4a3e9f41df2109b2481c35e89fb6a4418ff1e6/graphics2.png  Components of an architecture... Multiplexer (MUX) Ex: 2-1 mux Source: http://image.slidesharecdn.com/digitalelectronics-multiplexersdemultiplexers-150220082708-conversion-gat e01/95/multiplexers-demultiplexers-3-638.jpg?cb=1424421562  Components of an architecture... Decoder Ex: 1-2 decoder Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fc/Decoder_Example.svg/500px-Decoder_Example.svg.png Components of an architecture... Control Unit (CU) Responsible for “controlling” other components’ (memory, ALU, etc.) behavior so that instructions are executed properly Components of an architecture... Things you need to remember: IR or Instruction Register PC or Program Counter MAR or Memory Address Register Components of an architecture... MBR or Memory Buffer Register Registers Data path Components of an architecture... Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 8th ed Components of an architecture... Memory Responsible for storing data (what else?) Components of an architecture... Input/Output Devices that serve as an interface to communicate with the user Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor (come on, you know these!) Architecture and Organization 26 Architecture and Organization Architecture is those attributes visible to the programmer Architecture and Organization Covers Instruction set, number of bits used for data representation, I/O mechanisms, addressing techniques. e.g. Is there a multiply instruction? Architecture and Organization Organization is how features are implemented Architecture and Organization Covers control signals, interfaces, memory technology. e.g. Is there a hardware multiply unit or is it done by repeated addition? Architecture and Organization Another pair of concept to take note of is Structure and Function Architecture and Organization Structure is the way in which components relate to each other Architecture and Organization Function is the operation of individual components as part of the structure Architecture and Organization All computer functions are: Data processing Data storage Data movement Control Architecture and Organization Function View Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed Architecture and Organization Data movement Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed Architecture and Organization Storage Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed Architecture and Organization Processing to/ from storage Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed Architecture and Organization Processing from storage to I/O Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed  Architecture and Organization Structure (Top Level) Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed  Architecture and Organization Structure (The CPU) Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed  Architecture and Organization Structure (The Control Unit) Source: William Stallings “Computer Organization and Architecture” 6th ed The FDE Cycle 43 The FDE Cycle FDE Or sometimes FDE Cycle or instruction cycle Fetch-Decode-Execute Cycle The FDE Cycle FDE The process of getting program instruction, decoding the instruction through appropriate paths and executing the instruction The FDE Cycle Consider this very simple example (ADD accepts two registers as input and accumulates the result in the first operand ): ADD R1, R2 The FDE Cycle ADD R1, R2 Assume that this is the representation in machine code 000000111000000110000010 instruction The FDE Cycle ADD R1, R2 Assume that this is the representation in machine code 000000111000000110000010 operand 1 The FDE Cycle ADD R1, R2 Assume that this is the representation in machine code 000000111000000110000010 operand 2 The FDE Cycle On FETCH (1/4) The address of the first instruction is pointed to by PC The FDE Cycle On FETCH (2/4) The MAR holds the address pointed to by PC The FDE Cycle On FETCH (3/4) PC (or the address held inside it) is incremented by one. The FDE Cycle On FETCH (4/4) The instruction is fetched from memory The data is copied to the MDR The FDE Cycle On DECODE (1/2) The instruction is determined and prepares appropriate registers for the instruction The FDE Cycle On DECODE (2/2) example: are there two operands or only one operand? What register(s) was/were used? The FDE Cycle On EXECUTE (1/2) The instruction is coursed through the appropriate circuits The FDE Cycle On EXECUTE (2/2) The instruction is executed using the appropriate registers as input (if there are needed operands). The FDE Cycle To illustrate! A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) A video frame from Youtube user John Philip Jones (URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XM4lGflQFvA) RISC vs CISC 68 RISC vs CISC RISC (1/2) Reduced Instruction Set Computer (or Computing) RISC vs CISC RISC (2/2) “ is a type of microprocessor architecture that utilizes a small, highly-optimized set of instructions, rather than a more specialized set of instructions often found in other types of architectures.” Reference: https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/risc/whatis/index.html RISC vs CISC CISC Complex Instruction Set Computer (or Computing) “ CISC are chips that are easy to program and which make efficient use of memory. ” Reference: courses.washington.edu/css448/zander/Presentf12/tran.pptx Source: http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/risc/risccisc/ References 73 References Computer Architecture: A Quantitative Approach Computer Architecture and Organization, William Stallings ____. www.csun.edu/~vcact00f/311/ppt/Ch_01.ppt ____. https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/risc/whatis/index.html ____. http://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/courses/soco/projects/risc/risccisc/ ____.. courses.washington.edu/css448/zander/Presentf12/tran.pptx