Climate Change PDF

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY climate. Specifically, volcanic gas CLIMATE CHANGE like carbon dioxide (CO2), a CBET-01-301P greenhouse gas, can contribute to...

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY climate. Specifically, volcanic gas CLIMATE CHANGE like carbon dioxide (CO2), a CBET-01-301P greenhouse gas, can contribute to global warming. However, sulfur Weather Vs. Climate dioxide, a volcanic gas, can cause Weather - an atmospheric condition global cooling. that occurs locally over short Nevertheless, according to periods of time. reports, volcanoes' contribution of Climate - a long-term average of C02 emission is equivalent to 1% of temperature, humidity, and rainfall anthropogenic emissions. patterns throughout a region or even to a global scale, over several b. Solar Variation. The Sun is a seasons, years, or decades. fundamental source of energy that is instrumental on Earth’s climate CLIMATE CHANGE system. Undoubtedly, variation on According to NASA, climate change solar energy output has an impact refers to the long-term and significant on climate change. But, these change in the temperature and weather variations are only a fraction of a patterns on Earth for a continuous period of percent (0.1% over an 11-year time. sunspot cycle, to be exact). Although it may seem logical to Global Warming vs. Climate Change think that the Sun affects global Global Warming - long-term rising climate, it is just a tiny factor temperature or warming of the compared to other causes of climate planet. change. Climate Change - encompasses global warming, but refers to a 2. Persistent Anthropogenic Changes or broader range of changes that are Human Acts happening to our planet. a. Burning of fossil fuels. As fossil fuels are burned, it releases large CAUSES OF CLIMATE CHANGE amounts of carbon dioxide which 1. Natural Internal Process will later be trapped in our a. Volcanic Activities. During major atmosphere, causing global volcanic eruptions, large amounts of warming. Despite the fact that it gasses, aerosols, droplets and ash was harmful to our planet, it is still were released to the atmosphere helpful in generating electricity, to and Earth’s surface, which can affect  power transportation, in industrial person produces about four tons of carbon processes, etc. dioxide each year. But, accordingly, CO2 emissions per capita in the Philippines are b. Deforestation. As trees were cut equivalent to 1.37 tons per person (based down and damaged, more carbon on a population in 2022). dioxide, that was initially stored, is “The country's total greenhouse gas released into the atmosphere and emissions reached 204.33 teragrams of less carbon dioxide will be absorbed C02 equivalent in 2020.” in the future. - Philippines Statistics Authority, July According to MIT Climate, 04, 2024. since 1850, about 30% of all CO2 emissions have come from EFFECTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE deforestation. In addition, it 1. Intense high temperatures intensifies global warming and 2. Droughts promotes heat waves as fewer trees 3. Wildfires release moisture that cools the air. 4. Strong typhoons and floods In other words, this has serious 5. More tornadoes implications on climate change. 6. Melting of ice sheets and glaciers 7. Sea level rise Greenhouse Gasses 8. Warmer ocean water and marine The main contributor to climate change is heat waves the increased greenhouse gas 9. Ecosystem stressors concentrations on Earth due to human 10. Animals migration activities. 11. Human disease and illness 12. Food security 5 Notorious Greenhouse Gasses Carbon Dioxide POLICIES (CREENCIA) Methane International Level Surface level ozone Paris Climate Agreement Water Vapor It is a legally binding international Nitrous oxides and fluorinated treaty to combat climate change gasses established in 2015. This was supported by several nations and organizations, Carbon Footprint especially the United Nations. Since the A total amount of greenhouse gasses agreement aligned with the achievement of that are generated by our actions. Sustainable Development Goals of the UN. Generally, reports said that the average  The Philippines has entered the agreement in 2017, as supported by the 3 Key Elements of the Paris Climate Climate Change Commission. Agreement, according to the United In this agreement, it provides guidelines Nations. and frameworks on how nations can 1. Limit temperature rise to 1.5° C. develop and formulate a plan for climate 2. Review countries commitments to mitigation and adaptation efforts. cutting emissions every five years. It works on a 5 year cycle, in which each 3. Provide climate finance to country submits a National Climate Action developing countries. Plan or Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). These action plans National Level enumerate how nations will combat and R.A 9729 or Climate Change Act of 2009 mitigate climate change and how they will An act aimed at integrating climate achieve to decrease their C02 emission. As change considerations into government submitted, it will be examined to ensure policy through the establishment and that it is feasible, to strengthen climate development of a strategic framework and goals, and to monitor improvements. program for climate change, creating a Climate Change Commission for this Main goal: Limit rapid increase of global purpose, and addressing related matters. temperature by reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Climate Change Commission “The Climate Change Commission (CCC), Paris Climate Agreement Framework an independent and autonomous body, 1. Finance. Developed nations were shall be the lead policy-making body of the encouraged to extend financial aid government, tasked to coordinate, monitor to developing nations as funds are and evaluate the programs and action important to execute national plans of the government relating to climate climate action plans. change as per R.A. 10174.” 2. Technical. To fully realize - Department of Budget and technology development and Management transfer for both improving resilience to climate change and R.A 10174 or The People's Survival Fund reducing GHG emissions. It is an annual fund established for local 3. Capacity Building Support. To government units and accredited emphasize on climate-related local/community organizations to develop capacity-building between and implement climate change mitigation developed and developing nations. and adaptation projects to effectively This Act established the PHILIPPINE address the progressive climate change. ENVIRONMENTAL CODE which makes provisions for the protection of the Green Climate Fund environment. Global fund established to serve Paris Agreement and Kyoto Protocol to support TITLE I: AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT paradigm shifting low emission and climate TITLE II: WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT resilience projects and programs in TITLE III: LAND USE MANAGEMENT developing countries. TITLE IV: NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION National Climate Change Action Plan of TITLE V: WASTE MANAGEMENT 2011-2028 It is formerly known as the national TITLE I: AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT climate change framework strategy, which The purpose of this is to achieve and assesses the current climate change risk maintain such levels of air quality as to the country is facing and outlines the protect public health; to prevent injury NCCAP’s strategic direction for 2011 to and/or damage to plant and animal life and 2028. property, and promote the social and economic development of the country. Priorities 1. Food Security REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8749 — 2. Water sufficiency PHILIPPINE CLEAN AIR ACT OF 3. Ecological and Environmental stability 1999 4. Human security Aims to achieve and maintain 5. Climate-friendly industries and services ambient air quality standards 6. Sustainable energy throughout the Philippines. 7. Knowledge and capacity development TITLE II: WATER QUALITY Local Level MANAGEMENT The Local Climate Change Action Plan It is the purpose of this Title to prescribe A LCCAP is the action plan formulated management guidelines aimed to protect by local governments to address climate and improve the quality of Philippine water change concerns. resources. PHILIPPINES POLICIES REPUBLIC ACT 9275 — PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1152 PHILIPPINE CLEAN WATER ACT OF 2004  Aims to protect the Philippines's country's fishery and aquatic water bodies from pollution from resources for the exclusive use and land-based sources and other enjoyment of the Filipinos. sources. Chapter II: Wildlife TITLE III: LAND USE MANAGEMENT REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9147 — Its purpose is to provide a rational, WILDLIFE RESOURCES orderly and efficient acquisition, utilization CONSERVATION AND and disposition of land and its resources in PROTECTION ACT order to derive therefrom maximum Aims to conserve and protect benefits. wildlife species as well as their habitats in promoting ecological NATIONAL LAND USE ACT balance and enhance biological (PROPOSED / NOT YET ENACTED) diversity. It is proposed to govern the management and execution of a Chapter III: Forestry and Soil comprehensive land use system. Conservation PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 705 TITLE IV: NATURAL RESOURCES — REVISED FORESTRY REFORM MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES The purposes of this Title is to provide Aims to protect, develop and the basic policy on the management and rehabilitate forest lands and to conservation of the country's natural ensure their continuity in productive resources to obtain the optimum benefits condition. therefrom and to preserve the same for the future generations. Chapter IV: Flood Control and Natural Calamities Chapter I: Fisheries and Aquatic REPUBLIC ACT NO. 10121 — Resources PHILIPPINE DISASTER RISK REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8550 — THE REDUCTION AND MANAGEMENT PHILIPPINE FISHERIES CODE OF ACT OF 2010 1998 Aims to serve as the lead agency Aims to achieve food security and for disaster-related programs in the to ensure the management and Philippines such as in developing conservation of the fishery and the comprehensive guides for DRR aquatic resources in the Philippines. efforts nationwide. It also aims to limit the access of the  Formed the National Disaster To set guidelines for waste management Risk Reduction and Management with a view to ensuring its effectiveness; To Council. prevent environmental damage and unnecessary loss of valuable resources of Chapter V: Energy Development the nation through recovery, recycling and REPUBLIC ACT NO. 9513 — re-use of wastes and waste products; and RENEWABLE ENERGY ACT OF 2008 REPUBLIC ACT 9003 — Aims to encourage the ECOLOGICAL SOLID WASTE development and utilization of MANAGEMENT ACT OF 2000 renewable energy resources. Aims to encourage proper segregation, collection, storage, Chapter VI: Conservation and Utilization treatment and disposal of waste for of Surface and Ground Waters the protection of public health and PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1067 environment. — THE WATER CODE OF THE PHILIPPINES CONSERVATION (YUMEN) For the appropriation, control and DEFINITION : conservation of water resources and Conservation refers to the efforts made to to also define the extent of the protect and preserve our natural resources rights and obligations of water and ecosystems. users and owners including the It aims to maintain the balance between protection and regulation of such human activities and the environment rights. ensuring sustainable living for generations. Conservation involves various activities Chapter VII: Mineral Resources like reducing pollution, conserving energy REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7942 — and protecting endangered species. PHILIPPINE MINING ACT OF 1995 It also focuses on preserving natural It governs all mining operations habitats such as forest, wetlands, and coral and related rights in the Philippines, reefs to maintain biodiversity. specifically exploration, development, and utilization of IMPORTANCE OF CONSERVATION natural resources conservation 1. Avoid exploitation of natural through a partnership of the resources. government and private sector. 2. To keep balance in our ecosystem. TITLE V: WASTE MANAGEMENT 3. To prevent human-caused natural disasters.  4. To reduce the impact of global Marine conservation focuses on the warming. preservation and sustainable management of marine ecosystems. It aims to protect TYPES OF CONSERVATION marine biodiversity, prevent overfishing, 1.Environmental Conservation: Protecting and mitigate the impacts of pollution and Our Natural Environment climate change on our oceans and seas. By Environmental conservation focuses on implementing measures such as marine safeguarding the natural environment from protected areas and sustainable fishing degradation caused by human activities. It practices, we can ensure the health and involves preserving ecosystems, protecting resilience of marine ecosystems. Marine biodiversity, and promoting sustainable conservation is crucial for maintaining the practices. By conserving our natural well-being of marine species and the environment, we can mitigate the negative livelihoods of coastal communities. impacts of pollution, deforestation, and habitat destruction. This type of 4. Human Conservation :Balancing Human conservation plays a crucial role in Activities and Nature maintaining the health and functionality of Human conservation involves finding a our ecosystems. balance between human activities and the preservation of nature. It recognizes that 2. Animal conservation: Safeguarding our humans are an integral part of ecosystems precious wildlife. and aims to promote sustainable practices Animal conservation aims to protect and that minimize negative impacts on the preserve endangered species and their environment. Human conservation habitats. It involves efforts to prevent the encompasses responsible resource extinction of vulnerable animals and management, sustainable agriculture, and promote their long-term survival. Animal eco-friendly technologies. By adopting conservation organizations work tirelessly sustainable lifestyles and practices, we can to protect habitats, combat poaching, and coexist harmoniously with nature and raise awareness about the importance of ensure a healthier planet for future preserving wildlife. By safeguarding our generations. precious wildlife, we can maintain the delicate balance of ecosystems and prevent EXISTING CONSERVATION PROJECTS TO the loss of biodiversity. FIGHT CLIMATE CHANGE 1. Planting trees and restore forest 3. Marine Conservation : Preserving our Example: oceans and seas  Plant-A-Tree Program and Urban Add: The Philippines relies heavily on the reforestation in US electricity and natural gas acquired from One -Tree Planted in Australia the Malampaya gas field. This reserve is Watershed forest restoration in Brazil expected to run dry in 2027, causing an energy crisis. The nation must now choose 2. Coral and marines restoration between transitioning to renewable energy Example : or exploring new fields in the gas-rich Reef Restoration in Dominican Republic South China Sea. Coral restoration in Philippines CAUSES OF ENERGY CRISIS 3. Reducing carbon emissions The causes behind the energy crisis Example: can never be blamed on a single factor. This Carbon Neutral Government in British global problem can be attributed to the Columbia following according to the publications of Blue Carbon projects Virginia, North the World Energy Organization. America 1. Overconsumption. This is a result of ENERGY CRISIS (CAGARA) too much use of fossil fuels such as A country's prosperity and oil, gas, and coal. development are indicated by its 2. Overpopulation. The human sustainable and reliable energy source, population steady increase leads to which includes petroleum, natural gas, coal, more demands to energy resources. renewable energy, and nuclear power. 3. Poor infrastructure. The continued Non-renewable sources like crude oil, use of outdated equipment in natural gas, and coal. maintaining old infrastructures limits energy production. Energy crises may lead to questions 4. Unexplored renewable energy such as, "Will we run out of energy? "Or options. Ignorance of other "How do we secure our access to energy?" renewable energy sources options At present, developing countries have high will lead the people to greatly demands of energy resources in order to depend on non-renewable energy secure their future economic development. resources. Unfortunately, environmental risks are 5. Wastage of energy. The energy associated with accessing energy demands. wasting habits at home such as An energy crisis is any significant shortage leaving the lights on or leaving in energy supply to a country or region. electronic gadgets plugged adds  more problems with the energy renewable energy sources, enhancing shortage nowadays. energy infrastructure, and implementing 6. Major accidents and natural policies to manage supply and demand. calamities. Energy supply shortages may be caused by natural CONNECTION OF CLIMATE CHANGE calamities, like volcanic eruptions, AND ENERGY CRISIS floods and earthquakes, and major accidents. This may result in a Climate Change Impacts on Energy greater increase in energy prices in Systems the global market. 1. Extreme Weather: Climate change 7. Wars and attacks. Unsettled wars leads to more frequent and severe involving Middle East countries may weather events, such as hurricanes, create major problems for energy heatwaves, and floods. These consumers due to global shortage. events can damage energy 8. Miscellaneous factors. These infrastructure (power plants, grids, factors include Political Events, pipelines) and disrupt energy supply Strikes, Tax hikes, Severe Weather and distribution. Changes. If the problems arise from 2. Resource Availability: Changes in oil producing companies, it will climate can affect the availability of directly cause an energy crisis. natural resources. For example, altered precipitation patterns can Historical Examples impact hydropower generation, - 1970s Oil Crisis: A notable example is the while rising temperatures can affect oil crises of the 1970s, when OPEC cooling efficiency in thermal power (Organization of the Petroleum Exporting plants. Countries) imposed oil embargoes, leading 3. Sea Level Rise: Rising sea levels to fuel shortages and economic disruptions due to melting ice and thermal globally. expansion can threaten coastal - Recent Energy Price Spikes: More recently, energy infrastructure, including fluctuations in energy prices and supply refineries, power stations, and disruptions have been influenced by pipelines. geopolitical tensions and changes in energy markets. ENVIRONMENTAL AWARENESS In order to find the best solution to Addressing an energy crisis typically address the current environmental crisis, involves a combination of improving energy environmental awareness is a number of efficiency, investing in alternative and requirements. Here is a list of the current consumers, resulting in poisons and issues the environment is facing today: sicknesses. 6. Effect on marine life. One of the 1. Air pollution. Toxins from the problems in the world is facing the factories and vehicles are the increasing amount of carbon in the primary reason behind the air water. This has a direct effect on pollution. Urban sprawl, acid shellfishes and microscopic fishes. deposition, and oil leaks 7. Public health issues. The present contaminate the groundwater. environmental problems are a great 2. Climate change. The melting of the threat to the wellness of polar ice, new health issues, humankind, including the animals. If changes in seasons are some of the left unresolved, this may affect the many destructive impacts of the life span of both humans and Climate Change resulting from the animals. increasing temperature of the 8. Littering and landfills. Improper earth's surface. waste disposal. 3. Deforestation. The increased 9. Mining. The earth's minerals once number of human population leads extracted through mining may to more demands for homes, food release harmful chemicals to the and materials. The forests are atmosphere. These emissions may continuously losing in order to pollute the air, water and the soil. provide these demands. 4. Increased carbon footprint. Human Climate change and energy crisis activities directly and indirectly are interconnected, requiring a produce greenhouse gasses. As comprehensive approach including humans depend on fossil fuels, transitioning to cleaner energy, improving carbon footprint is increased and efficiency, and implementing effective this causes destruction to the earth. policies to manage environmental and 5. Genetic modification. The demands practical challenges. for food due to the increasing population have been addressed by Written by: genetic engineering. The humans Cagara, Maria Elena found a way to modify the genes of Creencia, Khristine Joyce the plants through this technology. Yumen, Jobelyn However, these genetically modified food causes threat to the animal CBET-01-301P 2024