Biology Chapter 1: Structures vs Functions PDF

Biology Chapter 1 Structures vs Functions SCS141  Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell...

Biology Chapter 1 Structures vs Functions SCS141  Cell Theory All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the smallest working units of all living things. All cells come from preexisting cells through cell division. Definition of Cell A cell is the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions. UNICELLULAR ORGANISM MULTICELLULAR ORGANISM Cells in HUMAN  Types of Cells Prokaryotic Do not have structures surrounded by membranes inside Few internal structures One-celled organisms, Bacteria  Types of Cells Eukaryotic Contain organelles surrounded by membranes Most living organisms Animal cell Plant cell Bacteria cell  Cell Membrane Cell Wall found in plant, fungus and bacteria Supports & protects cells Outer membrane of cell that controls movement in and out of the cell Plant cell wall Double layer (Cellulose)  Nucleus Nuclear Membrane Directs cell Surrounds activities nucleus Separated from Made of two cytoplasm by layers nuclear Openings allow membrane material to enter Contains genetic and leave material - DNA nucleus Nucleolus Inside nucleus Make ribosome Made of RNA Ribosome Build proteins from amino acid May be free-floating or may be attached to ER Made from Protein and RNA  Cytoplasm Chromosomes Gel-like mixture In nucleus Surrounded by cell Made of Deoxyribonucleic acid membrane Contain instructions for traits & Contains hereditary characteristics material  Chloroplast Mitochondria Mitochondria Produces energy through Usually found in plant cells chemical reactions – Contains green chlorophyll breaking down fats & Where photosynthesis takes place carbohydrates  Interconnected tubes Two types : Smooth (lack ribosomes) and rough (studded with ribosomes) Give support to the cytoplasm RER synthesizes secretory proteins SER synthesizes lipids for cell membrane In liver cells SER detoxify drugs and poisons In Muscle cells SER store calcium ions Golgi Body Golgi Body at work  Lysosomes and vacuoles are Lysosome both membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. Vacuoles function by storing Vacuole various substances lysosomes function by using enzymes to break down various substances.  Cilia Flagella Cilia are slender protein A flagella is a lash-like structure projecting out appendage that protrudes from the body of much from the cell body larger cell body Helps in movement Helps in movement  Shape of Human cells Various shapes depending on functions  Level of organization in living organism cell: The smallest unit of life capable of independent reproduction. Generally contains nucleic acid, cytoplasm, a cell membrane, and many other proteins and structures. Tissues: A group of similar cells with the same origin that work together to perform the same function. organ: A structure made of different tissues that work together to perform physiological functions. organ system: A group of organs and tissues that work together to perform specific functions. Organism Level of organization Summary Summary