Psychology Multiple Choice Questions PDF

 **Which type of amnesia involves an inability to form new memories following brain injury?** - A\) Retrograde amnesia - B\) Anterograde amnesia - C\) Temporary amnesia - D\) Global amnesia\ **Answer: B) Anterograde amnesia**  **What is the role of the central executive in working...

 **Which type of amnesia involves an inability to form new memories following brain injury?** - A\) Retrograde amnesia - B\) Anterograde amnesia - C\) Temporary amnesia - D\) Global amnesia\ **Answer: B) Anterograde amnesia**  **What is the role of the central executive in working memory?** - A\) Storing verbal information - B\) Directing attention and coordinating activities among memory systems - C\) Holding images for less than a second - D\) Retaining auditory information for a few seconds\ **Answer: B) Directing attention and coordinating activities among memory systems**  **Which of the following describes the process of organizing information into meaningful units to enhance memory retention?** - A\) Chunking - B\) Encoding - C\) Consolidation - D\) Priming\ **Answer: A) Chunking**  **What is the function of the hippocampus in memory processes?** - A\) Retaining auditory information temporarily - B\) Storing long-term memories permanently - C\) Consolidating new memories - D\) Directing attention\ **Answer: C) Consolidating new memories**  **Which type of memory store is known for retaining information for a very brief period, such as sights and sounds?** - A\) Short-term memory (STM) - B\) Working memory - C\) Long-term memory (LTM) - D\) Sensory memory\ **Answer: D) Sensory memory**  **What does the episodic buffer in working memory do?** - A\) Stores verbal information using a rehearsal mechanism - B\) Integrates information from different sources into coherent episodes - C\) Retains visual and spatial information - D\) Directs attention and coordinates memory systems\ **Answer: B) Integrates information from different sources into coherent episodes**  **The term 'tip of the tongue phenomenon' refers to:** - A\) A condition where long-term memories are lost - B\) The inability to retrieve a known word or name temporarily - C\) Remembering the first items in a list - D\) The process of forming new memories\ **Answer: B) The inability to retrieve a known word or name temporarily**  **Declarative memories are best described as:** - A\) Memories that are not part of our consciousness - B\) Memories involving actions or behaviors - C\) Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled - D\) Short-term memories retained temporarily\ **Answer: C) Memory of facts and events that can be consciously recalled**  **Which of the following best describes iconic memory?** - A\) A form of long-term memory - B\) The visual form of sensory memory - C\) A process of retrieving information - D\) An auditory form of sensory memory\ **Answer: B) The visual form of sensory memory**  **The term \'long-term potentiation\' (LTP) refers to:** - A\) The process of organizing information into chunks - B\) A temporary increase in memory retention - C\) A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength between neurons - D\) The temporary loss of memory after trauma\ **Answer: C) A long-lasting increase in synaptic strength between neurons**  **What is the duration limit typically associated with short-term memory (STM)?** - A\) 1-5 seconds - B\) 5-10 seconds - C\) Up to 30 seconds - D\) Several minutes\ **Answer: C) Up to 30 seconds**  **Which effect is responsible for the tendency to remember the first items in a list?** - A\) Recency effect - B\) Chunking effect - C\) Primacy effect - D\) Serial effect\ **Answer: C) Primacy effect**  **Cross-cortical storage refers to:** - A\) Storing memories in a single part of the brain - B\) Distributing long-term memories across different areas of the cortex - C\) Storing only short-term memories - D\) Consolidating memories within the hippocampus\ **Answer: B) Distributing long-term memories across different areas of the cortex**  **Which type of memory includes actions or behaviors that can be performed without conscious awareness?** - A\) Explicit memory - B\) Declarative memory - C\) Nondeclarative memory - D\) Episodic memory\ **Answer: C) Nondeclarative memory**  **The phenomenon where exposure to one stimulus influences response to a subsequent stimulus without conscious guidance is called:** - A\) Chunking - B\) Priming - C\) Encoding - D\) Procedural memory\ **Answer: B) Priming**  **Proactive interference occurs when:** - A\) Newly learned information interferes with the recall of previously learned information - B\) Previously learned information interferes with the recall of newly learned information - C\) Memory is influenced by emotional experiences - D\) Sensory information is quickly replaced\ **Answer: B) Previously learned information interferes with the recall of newly learned information**  **The serial position effect suggests that memory recall is typically better for:** - A\) Middle items in a list - B\) Items presented at the beginning and end of a sequence - C\) Random items throughout a list - D\) Repeated items\ **Answer: B) Items presented at the beginning and end of a sequence**  **Which of the following processes is essential for converting short-term memories into long-term ones?** - A\) Consolidation - B\) Retrieval - C\) Attention - D\) Chunking\ **Answer: A) Consolidation**  **Which brain structure is critical for encoding long-term declarative memories?** - A\) Amygdala - B\) Hippocampus - C\) Occipital lobe - D\) Cerebellum\ **Answer: B) Hippocampus**  **Sensory memory is primarily responsible for:** - A\) Long-term storage of information - B\) Holding perceptual information briefly - C\) Encoding motor skills - D\) Integrating episodic and semantic memory\ **Answer: B) Holding perceptual information briefly**  **Which type of rehearsal involves thinking about the meaning of information to encode it into long-term memory?** - A\) Maintenance rehearsal - B\) Elaborative rehearsal - C\) Chunking rehearsal - D\) Phonological rehearsal\ **Answer: B) Elaborative rehearsal**  **Which memory store retains auditory information for about 5-10 seconds?** - A\) Iconic memory - B\) Echoic memory - C\) Procedural memory - D\) Episodic buffer\ **Answer: B) Echoic memory**  **What is the main function of the phonological loop in working memory?** - A\) Storing visual and spatial information - B\) Rehearsing verbal information - C\) Integrating different sources of information - D\) Directing attention\ **Answer: B) Rehearsing verbal information**  **Long-term memories distributed across various regions of the cortex are examples of:** - A\) Cross-cortical storage - B\) Central storage - C\) Chunked storage - D\) Semantic clustering\ **Answer: A) Cross-cortical storage**  **Which term refers to the process of accessing information stored in long-term memory?** - A\) Encoding - B\) Consolidation - C\) Retrieval - D\) Encoding specificity\ **Answer: C) Retrieval**  **A condition where someone loses memory for events preceding trauma is called:** - A\) Anterograde amnesia - B\) Retrograde amnesia - C\) Dissociative amnesia - D\) Long-term amnesia\ **Answer: B) Retrograde amnesia**  **Procedural memory is most associated with:** - A\) Remembering facts about the world - B\) Recalling past personal experiences - C\) Muscle memory and learned actions - D\) Visual and auditory processing\ **Answer: C) Muscle memory and learned actions**  **Which effect describes the phenomenon where recent information interferes with recalling older information?** - A\) Primacy effect - B\) Recency effect - C\) Retroactive interference - D\) Proactive interference\ **Answer: C) Retroactive interference**  **The visuospatial sketchpad is responsible for:** - A\) Storing verbal information - B\) Coordinating sensory information - C\) Maintaining visual and spatial layouts - D\) Retrieving long-term memories\ **Answer: C) Maintaining visual and spatial layouts** 31. **The term 'episodic memory' refers to:** - A\) Knowledge of facts and information - B\) Memory of personal experiences and specific events - C\) Motor skills and habits - D\) Sensory impressions\ **Answer: B) Memory of personal experiences and specific events** 32. **Which type of memory is consciously accessible and can be described in words?** - A\) Nondeclarative memory - B\) Episodic memory - C\) Procedural memory - D\) Declarative memory\ **Answer: D) Declarative memory** 33. **What is the primary difference between iconic and echoic memory?** - A\) Iconic memory retains visual information; echoic memory retains auditory information - B\) Iconic memory stores auditory data; echoic memory stores visual data - C\) Both store short-term motor skills - D\) Iconic memory is longer-lasting than echoic memory\ **Answer: A) Iconic memory retains visual information; echoic memory retains auditory information** 34. **Which phenomenon occurs when previously learned information helps with the learning of new information?** - A\) Proactive interference - B\) Retroactive interference - C\) Priming - D\) Maintenance rehearsal\ **Answer: C) Priming** 35. **Which memory effect refers to the enhanced recall of the most recently presented items in a list?** - A\) Primacy effect - B\) Recency effect - C\) Chunking effect - D\) Flashbulb effect\ **Answer: B) Recency effect** 36. **Which process involves encoding information in multiple ways, such as through verbal and visual methods, to enhance memory?** - A\) Deep processing - B\) Dual coding - C\) Episodic buffering - D\) Semantic clustering\ **Answer: B) Dual coding** 37. **What role does the episodic buffer play in working memory?** - A\) Retains and rehearses auditory information - B\) Stores visual and spatial layouts - C\) Combines and integrates different types of information - D\) Directs attention to important details\ **Answer: C) Combines and integrates different types of information** 38. **Which phenomenon describes the inability to recall a specific word despite knowing that you know it?** - A\) Flashbulb memory - B\) Tip of the tongue phenomenon - C\) Retrieval cue failure - D\) Procedural interference\ **Answer: B) Tip of the tongue phenomenon** 39. **Which term describes the memory system that involves unconscious memory processes like habits and skills?** - A\) Explicit memory - B\) Declarative memory - C\) Implicit memory - D\) Episodic memory\ **Answer: C) Implicit memory** 40. **Long-term potentiation (LTP) is believed to be a mechanism underlying:** - A\) Sensory memory - B\) Learning and memory - C\) Short-term memory retention - D\) Emotional recall\ **Answer: B) Learning and memory**