Chapter 4 ANAPHY LEC REVIEWER PDF

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9/2/24 Tissue Types of Tissues A tissue is a group of cells with similar structure and There are four tissue types in the human body: function, plus the extracellular substance surrounding 1. Epithelial – a covering or lining tissue them. 2. Connective – a diverse primary tissue type that makes Histology is the study of tissues. up part of every organ in the body 3. Muscle – a tissue that contracts or shortens, making movement possible 4. Nervous – responsible for coordinating and controlling many body activities Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 2 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 3 2 3 Epithelial Tissues Epithelial Tissue Characteristics Epithelium, or epithelial tissue, covers and protects 1. Mostly composed of cells surfaces, both outside and inside the body. 2. Covers body surfaces Included under the classification of epithelial tissue are the 3. Has an exposed surface exocrine and endocrine glands. 4. Attaches at the basal surface 5. Specialized cell connections and matrix attachments 6. Avascular 7. Capable of regeneration Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 4 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 5 4 5 Characteristics of Epithelium Functions of Epithelial Tissues 1. Protects underlying structures 2. Acts as a barrier 3. Permits passage of substances 4. Secreting substances 5. Absorption of substances (top) ©Victor Eroschenko; (bottom) Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images Figure 4.1 Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 6 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 7 6 7 1  9/2/24 Classification of Epithelia 1 Classification of Epithelia 2 Epithelial tissues are classified primarily according to the Simple epithelium consists of a single layer of cells, with number of cell layers and the shape of the superficial cells. each cell extending from the basement membrane to the free surface. The cell layers can be simple, stratified, or pseudostratified. Stratified epithelium consists of more than one layer of cells, but only the basal layer attaches the deepest layer to The cell shapes can be squamous, cuboidal, columnar, or the basement membrane. a special transitional shape, that varies with the degree of stretch. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 8 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 9 8 9 Classification of Epithelia 3 Classification of Epithelia 4 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium is a special type of There are three types of epithelium based on idealized simple epithelium, that appears to be falsely stratified. shapes of the epithelial cells: It consists of one layer of cells, with all the cells attached 1. Squamous cells are flat or scalelike. to the basement membrane. 2. Cuboidal cells are cube-shaped—about as wide as they Due to variations in the shape of the cells, the epithelia are tall. appears stratified. 3. Columnar cells tend to be taller than they are wide. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 10 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 11 10 11 Simple Squamous Epithelium 1 Simple Squamous Epithelium 2 Simple squamous epithelium is a single layer of thin, flat Figure of Table 4.2 Simple Epithelium (Part A) cells. (a) Simple Squamous Epithelium Structure: Some substances easily pass through this thin layer of Single layer of flat, often hexagonal cells, but other substances do not. cells; the nuclei appear as bumps when viewed in cross section because the cells are so flat In the lungs, simple squamous epithelium, allows for gas Function: exchange. Diffusion, filtration, some secretion, and some protection against friction In the kidneys, simple squamous epithelium, helps filter Location: wastes from the blood while keeping blood cells inside the Lining of blood vessels and the heart, lymphatic vessels, alveoli of the lungs, blood vessels. Alvin Telser/McGraw-Hill Education portions of the kidney tubules, lining of serous membranes of body cavities (pleural, pericardial, peritoneal)z Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 12 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 13 12 13 2  9/2/24 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 1 Simple Cuboidal Epithelium 2 Simple cuboidal epithelium is a single layer of cube-like Figure of Table 4.2 Simple Epithelium (Part B) cells that carry out active transport, facilitated diffusion, or (b) Simple Cuboidal Epithelium secretion. Structure: Single layer of cube-shaped cells; some cells have microvilli (kidney tubules) or They have a greater secretory capacity than simple cilia (terminal bronchioles of the lungs) squamous epithelial cells. Function: Secretion and absorption by cells of the kidney tubules; secretion by cells of glands and choroid plexuses; movement of particles embedded in mucus out of the terminal bronchioles by ciliated cells Location: Kidney tubules, glands and their ducts, ©Victor Eroschenko choroid plexuses of the brain, lining of terminal bronchioles of the lungs, and surfaces of the ovaries Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 14 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 15 14 15 Simple Columnar Epithelium 1 Simple Columnar Epithelium 2 Simple columnar epithelium is a single layer of tall, thin Figure of Table 4.2 Simple Epithelium (Part C) cells. (c) Simple Columnar Epithelium Structure: The large size of these cells enables them to perform Single layer of tall, narrow cells; some cells have cilia (bronchioles of lungs, auditory complex functions, such as secretion. tubes, uterine tubes, and uterus) or microvilli (intestines) Function: The simple columnar epithelium of the small intestine Movement of particles out of the bronchioles of the lungs by ciliated cells; partially produces and secretes mucus and digestive enzymes. responsible for the movement of oocytes through the uterine tubes by ciliated cells; secretion by cells of the glands, the stomach, and the intestines; absorption by cells of the intestines ©Victor Eroschenko Location: Glands and some ducts, bronchioles of lungs, auditory tubes, uterus, uterine tubes, stomach, intestines, gallbladder, bile ducts, and ventricles of the brain Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 16 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 17 16 17 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 1 Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium 2 Pseudostratified columnar epithelium secretes mucus, Figure of Table 4.2 Simple Epithelium (Part D) which covers its free surface. (d) Pseudostratified Columnar Epithelium Structure: Cilia in the airways move the mucus and accumulated Single layer of cells; some cells are tall and thin and reach the free surface, and others do debris toward the throat, where it is swallowed. not; the nuclei of these cells are at different levels and appear stratified; the cells are almost always ciliated and are associated with goblet cells that secrete mucus onto the free surface Function: Synthesize and secrete mucus onto the free surface and move mucus (or fluid) that ©Victor Eroschenko contains foreign particles over the surface of the free surface and from passages Location: Lining of nasal cavity, nasal sinuses, auditory tubes, pharynx, trachea, and bronchi of lungs Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 18 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 19 18 19 3  9/2/24 Stratified Squamous Epithelium 1 Keratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified squamous epithelium forms a thick epithelium The outer layer of the skin is comprised of a keratinized because it consists of several layers of cells. squamous epithelium. Though the deepest cells are cuboidal or columnar and The keratin reduces the loss of water from the body. are capable of dividing and producing new cells, the naming is based on the shape of the surface cells. There are two types of stratified squamous epithelia: keratinized stratified squamous and nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelia. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 20 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 21 20 21 Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous Epithelium Stratified Squamous Epithelium 2 Stratified squamous epithelium of the mouth is a moist Figure of Table 4.3 Stratified Epithelium (Part A) nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium. (a) Stratified Squamous Epithelium Structure: Several layers of cells that are cuboidal in the This nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium basal layer and progressively flattened toward the surface; the epithelium can be nonkeratinized provides protection against abrasion and acts as a (moist) or keratinized; in nonkeratinized stratified mechanical barrier. squamous epithelium, the surface cells retain a nucleus and cytoplasm; in keratinized stratified epithelium, the cytoplasm of cells at the surface is replaced by a protein called keratin, and the Water, however, can move across it more readily than cells are dead across the skin (keratinized stratified squamous). Function: Protects against abrasion, forms a barrier against infection, and reduces loss of water from the body Alvin Telser/McGraw-Hill Education Location: Keratinized—outer layer of the skin; nonkeratinized—mouth, throat, larynx, esophagus, anus, vagina, inferior urethra, and corneas Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 22 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 23 22 23 Transitional Epithelium 1 Transitional Epithelium 2 Transitional epithelium is a special type of stratified Figure of Table 4.3 Stratified Epithelium (Part B) epithelium that can be greatly stretched. (b) Transitional Epithelium Structure: The shape of the cells change as the epithelium is Stratified cells that appear cuboidal stretched. when the organ or tube is not stretched and squamous when the organ or tube is stretched by fluid Transitional epithelium lines cavities that can expand Function: greatly, such as the urinary bladder. Accommodates fluctuations in the volume of fluid in an organ or a tube; protects against the caustic effects of It also protects underlying structures, like the urinary urine bladder, from the caustic effects of urine. Location: Lining of urinary bladder, ureters, and superior urethra ©Victor Eroschenko Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 24 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 25 24 25 4  9/2/24 Free Surface Modifications Cell Connections 1 Most epithelia have a free surface that is not in contact Cells have several structures that hold one cell to one with other cells and faces away from underlying tissues. another or to the basement membrane. The characteristics of the free surface reflect its functions. These structures do three things: mechanically bind the cells together, help form a permeability barrier, and The free surface can be smooth or lined with microvilli or provide a mechanism for intercellular communication. cilia. Desmosomes are mechanical links that bind cells Cilia move materials over the top of the cell. together. Microvilli increase surface area. Hemidesmosomes are half desmosomes that anchor cells to the basement membrane. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 26 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 27 26 27 Cell Connections 2 Cell Connections 3 Tight junctions are cell connection structures that form Materials that pass through an epithelial layer with tight barriers and anchor cells to each other. junctions must pass through the cells, so those cells regulate what materials can cross. Structures called adhesion belts are found just below the tight junctions, and help tight junctions anchor epithelial Tight junctions are found in the lining of the intestines. cells to each other. They prevent the passage of materials between epithelial cells because they completely surround each cell. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 28 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 29 28 29 Cell Connections 4 Cell Connections 5 Gap junctions are small channels that allow small molecules and ions to pass from one epithelial cell to an adjacent one. Most epithelial cells are connected to one another by gap junctions, and researchers believe that molecules or ions moving through the gap junctions act as communication signals to coordinate the activities of the cells. Figure 4.3 Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 30 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 31 30 31 5  9/2/24 Glands 1 Structure of Exocrine Glands Glands are secretory organs that secrete substances onto The duct is the tube that transports the secreted material a surface, into a cavity, or into the bloodstream. to the free surface of the epithelium. Glands are composed primarily of epithelium, with a The secretory portion of the gland lies deeper in the supporting network of connective tissue. epithelium and is composed of cells that produce the secreted material. Glands with ducts are called exocrine glands. Multicellular exocrine glands can be classified according to Both the gland and its ducts are lined with epithelium. the structure of their ducts and secretory regions, and Endocrine glands are ductless glands; they secrete their mode of secretion. products (termed hormones) into the bloodstream. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 32 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 33 32 33 Glands 2 Glands 3 There are 3 categories of exocrine glands: Glands with secretory regions shaped as tubules (small tubes) are called tubular, whereas those shaped in saclike Unicellular glands are composed of only a single cell. structures are called acinar or alveolar. Simple glands are multicellular and have a single, nonbranched duct. Compound glands are multicellular and have several branched ducts. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 34 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 35 34 35 Simple Glands Structure of Exocrine Glands 1 There are several types of simple glands: Simple tubular—glands forming a straight tube with no branching of the secretory portion Simple branched tubular—gland with several tubular secretory portions branching from the single duct Simple acinar—glands with a single sac-like secretory portion Simple branched acinar—glands with several acinar secretory portions branching from the single duct Figure 4.4a and b Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 36 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 37 36 37 6  9/2/24 Compound Glands Structure of Exocrine Glands 2 There are several types of compound glands: Compound tubular—glands with multiple ducts, each with a narrow tubular secretory portion Compound acinar—glands with multiple ducts, each with a several sac- like secretory portions Compound tubuloacinar—glands with multiple ducts, each with several tubular and acinar secretory portions Figure 4.4c and d Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 38 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 39 38 39 Glands 4 Structure of Exocrine Glands 2 Exocrine glands can also be classified according to their modes of secretion. Merocrine secretion involves the release of secretory products by exocytosis. Apocrine secretion involves the release of secretory products as pinched-off fragments of the gland cells. Holocrine secretion involves the shedding of entire cells. Figure 4.4c and d Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 40 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 41 40 41 Connective Tissue Functions of Connective Tissue Connective tissue is a diverse primary tissue type that 1. Enclose and separate other tissues makes up part of every organ in the body. 2. Connecting tissues to one another Connective tissue differs from the other three tissue types in that it consists of cells separated from each other by 3. Supporting and moving parts of the body abundant extracellular matrix. 4. Storing compounds Connective tissue is diverse in both structure and function. 5. Cushioning and insulating Connective tissue is comprised of cells, protein fibers, and 6. Transporting an extracellular matrix. 7. Protecting Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 42 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 43 42 43 7  9/2/24 Connective Tissue Cells 1 Connective Tissue Cells 2 The specialized cells of the various connective tissues Cells associated with the immune system, such as white produce the extracellular matrix. blood cells, are also found in connective tissue. The name of the cell identifies the cell functions. Macrophages are large cells that are capable of moving about and ingesting foreign substances, including Osteoblasts form bone, osteocytes maintain it, and microorganisms in the connective tissue. osteoclasts break it down. Mast cells are nonmotile cells that release chemicals, Fibroblasts are cells that form fibrous connective tissue, such as histamine, that promote inflammation. and fibrocytes maintain it. Chondroblasts form cartilage and chondrocytes maintain it. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 44 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 45 44 45 Extracellular Matrix Matrix Protein Fibers The extracellular matrix of connective tissue has three Three types of protein fibers—collagen, reticular, and major components: protein fibers, ground substance, and elastic—help form most connective tissues. fluid. Collagen fibers, which resemble microscopic ropes, are Ground substance consists of non-fibrous protein and very flexible but resist stretching. other molecules. Reticular fibers are very fine, short collagen fibers that The structure of the matrix is responsible for the functional branch to form a supporting network. characteristics of connective tissues—for example, they enable bones and cartilage to bear weight. Elastic fibers have the ability to return to their original shape after being stretched or compressed, giving tissue an elastic quality. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 46 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 47 46 47 Matrix Ground Substance Types of Connective Tissues 1 The ground substance consists of non-fibrous molecules The two main types of connective tissue are embryonic and is shapeless. and adult connective tissue. It consists of proteoglycans, which are large molecules By eight weeks of development, most of the embryonic that consist of a protein core attached to many long connective tissue has become specialized to form the polysaccharides. types of connective tissue seen in adults. Proteoglycans trap large quantities of water between the polysaccharides, which allows them to return to their original shape when compressed or deformed. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 48 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 49 48 49 8  9/2/24 Types of Connective Tissues 2 Areolar Connective Tissue Loose connective tissue consists of relatively few protein Figure of Table 4.6 Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue (Part A) fibers that form a lacy network, with numerous spaces (a) Areolar Connective Tissue filled with ground substance and fluid. Structure: A fine network of fibers (mostly collagen fibers with a few Three subdivisions of loose connective tissue are areolar, elastic fibers) with spaces between the fibers; fibroblasts, adipose, and reticular. macrophages, and lymphocytes are located in the spaces Function: Loose packing, support, and Areolar connective tissue primarily consists of collagen nourishment for the structures with which it is associated Location: fibers and a few elastic fibers. ©Ed Reschke Widely distributed throughout the body; substance on which epithelial basement membranes rest; The most common cells in loose connective tissue are the packing between glands, muscles, and nerves; attaches the skin to fibroblasts. underlying tissues Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 50 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 51 50 51 Types of Connective Tissues 3 Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue consists of adipocytes, or fat cells, which Figure of Table 4.6 Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue (Part B) contain large amounts of lipid for energy storage. (b) Adipose Tissue Adipose tissue pads and protects parts of the body and Structure: Little extracellular matrix surrounding cells; the adipocytes, acts as a thermal insulator. or fat cells, are so full of lipid that the cytoplasm is pushed to the periphery of the cell Function: Reticular tissue forms the framework of lymphatic tissue, Packing material, thermal insulator, energy storage, and protection of such as in the spleen and lymph nodes, as well as in bone organs against injury from being bumped or jarred Location: marrow and the liver. Predominantly in subcutaneous areas, mesenteries, renal pelves, ©Ed Reschke around kidneys, attached to the surface of the colon, mammary glands, and in loose connective tissue that penetrates into spaces and crevices Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 52 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 53 52 53 Reticular Tissue Types of Connective Tissues 4 Dense connective tissue has a relatively large number of Figure of Table 4.6 Connective Tissue Proper: Loose Connective Tissue (Part C) protein fibers that form thick bundles and fill nearly all of (c) Reticular Tissue the extracellular space. Structure: Fine network of reticular fibers irregularly arranged Function: Provides a There are two major subcategories of dense connective superstructure for lymphatic and hemopoietic tissues tissue: collagenous and elastic. Location: Within the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow Al Telser/McGraw-Hill Education Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 54 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 55 54 55 9  9/2/24 Types of Connective Tissues 5 Types of Connective Tissues 6 Dense collagenous connective tissue has an Dense collagenous connective tissue having the collagen extracellular matrix consisting mostly of collagen fibers. fibers oriented in the multiple directions is termed dense irregular. Dense collagenous connective tissue having the collagen fibers oriented in the same direction is termed dense Examples of dense irregular are in the dermis of the skin regular. and in organ capsules. Examples of dense regular are tendons and ligaments. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 56 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 57 56 57 Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue Types of Connective Tissues 7 Figure of Table 4.7 Connective Tissue Proper: Dense Connective Tissue (Part A) Dense elastic connective tissue has abundant elastic (a) Dense Regular Collagenous Connective Tissue fibers among its collagen fibers. Structure: Matrix composed of collagen fibers The elastic fibers allow the tissue to stretch and recoil. running in somewhat the same direction in tendons and ligaments; collagen fibers run in several directions in the dermis of the skin Examples include the dense elastic connective tissue in and in organ capsules Function: the vocal cords. Withstand great pulling forces exerted in the direction of fiber orientation due to great tensile A genetic condition called Marfan syndrome results from, strength and stretch resistance Location: in part the inability to properly maintain and form elastic ©Victor Eroschenko Ed Reschke/Stone/Getty Images Tendons (attach muscle to bone) fibers. and ligaments (attach bones to each other); also found in the dermis of the skin, organ capsules, and the outer layer of many blood vessels Access the text alternative for slide images. Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 58 Copyright 2022 © McGraw Hill LLC. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGraw Hill LLC. 59 58