Homeostasis and Animal Body Organization PDF

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body  Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Define “homeostasis” and understand its importance Understand positive and negative feedback mechanisms Understand the organization of the animal body ...

Homeostasis and the Organization of the Animal Body  Objectives At the end of this lesson, you should be able to: Define “homeostasis” and understand its importance Understand positive and negative feedback mechanisms Understand the organization of the animal body  Section 32.1 Homeostasis: Why and How do Animals Regulate Their Internal Environment?  Homeostasis “Dynamic state of equilibrium that is constantly changing with respect to the external environment” Affects glucose levels, blood pH, oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations, etc. Anatomy: the study of body structure and its relationship with one another Physiology: the study of body function at various levels of organization  Homeostasis Allows enzymes to function Many biochemical reactions are governed by the structure of proteins that are partly maintained by hydrogen bonds Hydrogen bonds are sensitive to many things Salinity, acidity, alkalinity, temperature, etc. Human metabolism functions only within a narrow range of temperatures pH of your blood is a great example (7.35 to 7.45) Homeostasis  Homeostasis Animals regulate body temperature differently Ectotherms: (“outside heat”); get heat from the environment Plays a role in how they function Endotherms: (“inside heat”); produce heat via metabolic reactions Does not need the environment, but comes with a higher energy intake  Feedback Systems Positive: a change produces a response that amplifies that change Example: Cervical stretch during childbirth and the release of oxytocin Negative: a change causes responses that counteract said change  Negative Feedback Mechanism 1. Sensor Detects any change in the current condition 2. Control Center Determines course of action based on the information received 3. Effector Delivers output that restores balance  Section 32.2 How is the Animal Body Organized? Animal Body Organization  Tissue Types Epithelial – Found in bodily surface both inside and outside Connective – Connects different parts of the body together Nervous – Controls messages (electric impulses) between the brain and the entire body Muscle – Promotes voluntary and involuntary movement Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Epithelial Tissue Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Connective Tissue Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Muscle Tissue Nervous Tissue Organ Organ Systems Organ Systems