Chapter 2: Information System and Data PDF

INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DATA CHAPTER 2  An Introduction to Information Systems Information System: An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store data and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to monitor...

INFORMATION SYSTEM AND DATA CHAPTER 2  An Introduction to Information Systems Information System: An information system is a set of interrelated components that collect, manipulate, store data and disseminate information and provide a feedback mechanism to monitor performance.  What is an Information System? An organized combination of people, hardware, software, communications networks, and data resources that collects data, transforms it, and disseminates information.  Data Vs. Information Data: Raw unorganized facts Information: A collection of facts organized in such a way that they have additional value beyond the value of the facts themselves. Defining and organizing relationships among data creates information.  Information Concepts Process: A set of logically related tasks performed to achieve a defined outcome. Knowledge: An awareness and understanding of a set of information and ways that information can be made useful to support a specific task or reach a decision  The Value of Information The value of Information is directly linked to how it helps decision makers achieve their organization’s goals.  System A system is a set of elements or components that interact to accomplish goals.  Computer Based Information System Hardware: Computer Equipment Software: Computer Programs Databases: An organized collections of facts  Computer Based Information System Telecommunications: Electronic transmission of signals for communication  Networks: Distant electronic communication  Internet: Interconnected Networks  Intranet: Internal Corporate Network  Extranet: Linked Intranets  Computer Based Information System People Procedures: Strategies, policies, methods, and rules for using a CBIS. Business Information Systems  Electronic and Mobile Commerce E-Commerce: Any business transaction executed electronically M-Commerce: Transactions conducted anywhere, anytime Relies on wireless communications  TPS and ERP Transaction business related exchange Evidence of a business event Transaction Processing System (TPS) A system which records completed business transactions Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) A set of integrated programs for managing the entire business operations  Business Information Systems Management Information System: A system used to provide routine information to managers and decision makers Decision Support System: A system used to support problem- specific decision making  Specialized Business I.S. Artificial Intelligence (AI): A field in which the computer takes on the characteristics of human intelligence Expert System: A system that gives a computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert in a particular field. Knowledge Base: The collection of data, rules, procedures, and relationships that must be followed to achieve value or the proper outcome. Virtual Reality: The simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be experienced visually in three dimensions Systems Development Systems Development: The activity of creating or modifying existing business information systems Systems Investigation and Analysis Understand the problem and potential solutions Systems Design, Implementation, Maintenance and Review  Determine how the new system will meet business needs  Put the new system into operation  Ensure the system continues to meet changing business needs General Information Systems Diagram Management Decisions (Environment) Data Input Process Output Information Control Feedback Data: Raw unorganized facts Information: Data organized in a meaningful way for the user (in consideration of the environment) Informal Information System Each organization has a unique culture, or fundamental set of assumptions, values, and ways of doing things, that has been accepted by most of its members Environment: Business - other functional areas Computer – hardware, software, other IS Sub System: Component of a larger system System Boundary: Interaction with environment (user or other system) via an interface Information System Activities 1. Input of Data Resources 2. Process Data into Information 3. Output of Information  Input of Data Resources Data entry Editing Machine readable Source documents Formal record of a transaction User interface How users interact with information system Optical scanning; menu; prompts; fill in blanks  Process Data into Information Calculate Compare Sort Classify Summarize The quality of the data must be maintained by a continual process of correcting and updating activities  Output of Information Transmit information to users Display; paper; audio Storage of data Data are retained in an organized manner Fields; records; files; data bases Control of system performance Feedback must be monitored and evaluated to determine if the information system is meeting established performance standards  Systems Applications in the Organization Decisions Management Levels Information Systems Unstructured Senior ESS Strategic Management DSS Knowledge and GIS, CAD/CAM, Tactical Data Worker OAS Middle Management MIS Lower TPS Management Technical (Operational) Buy Make Sell Keep Functions Structured Track