Visual Impairment In The Working Age Person PDF

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN THE WORKING AGE PERSON Prepared By: JAYSON TIONGCO CONDITION THAT CAUSES VISUAL COMPROMISE IN THE PREVIOUSLY NORMALLY SIGHTED ADULT Diabetic retinopathy Grading of Diabetic retinopathy  Prevalence of Diabetic Typeretinopathy 1 (juvenile) diabetes...

VISUAL IMPAIRMENT IN THE WORKING AGE PERSON Prepared By: JAYSON TIONGCO CONDITION THAT CAUSES VISUAL COMPROMISE IN THE PREVIOUSLY NORMALLY SIGHTED ADULT Diabetic retinopathy Grading of Diabetic retinopathy  Prevalence of Diabetic Typeretinopathy 1 (juvenile) diabetes 1st 5 years – retinopathy never present 5 – 10 years – 27% have diabetic retinopathy 10 years or longer – 71% with diabetic retinopathy after 30 years - the incidence rises to 90% with  Prevalence of Diabetic Typeretinopathy 2 diabetes Maculopathy can be the presenting features of this diseases Diabetes can undiagnosed for many years Severe damage to the retinal capillaries Management of Diabetic retinopathy Blood sugar Laser control photocoagulation Anti-VEGF Vitrectomy  Pathological Myopia Chorioretinal atrophy Choroidal neovascular membranes (CNVMs) are thought to occur in 5–10% of myopes with more than 5 dioptres of myopia Difficult in viewing the foveal limits Haemorrhage associated with a lacquer crack (can occur in the absence of a CNVM) Lacquer cracks – linear or stellate Myopic conus  Management of pathological myopia Non- Surgical Pharmacolo Laser Manageme gical Treatments nt Treatments Rehabilitatio Surgical Myopia Control Strategies n for low Interventi vision  Acute Optic Optic neuritis occurs when Neuritis swelling (inflammation) damages the optic nerve — a bundle of nerve fibers that transmits visual information from your eye to your brain. Common symptoms of optic neuritis include pain with eye movement and temporary Prevalence varies Clinical vision lossPresentation in one eye. geographically: Symptoms: USA: 46 per 100,000 Sudden blurring of vision England and Wales: 93 per (usually unilateral, gradual 100,000 onset, progressive).Pain on  Treatment Acute Optic Neuritis Randomized into: Oral prednisolone. Oral placebo. Intravenous methylprednisolone followed by oral prednisone.  Posterior Posterior Uveitis - Uveitis Inflammatory condition of the uveal tract (iris, ciliary body, choroid). Incidence: 15 per 100,000. Prevalence: 40 per 100,000. Impact: Accounts for 10% of blind registrations in developed countries. Causes 1. Infective: Example: Toxoplasmosis. Treatment: Anti-infective agents. 2. Non- infective: Treated with immunosuppressive agents.  Management of Posterior Uveitis Introduction of non-steroid- based immunosuppressant's. Improved: Visual prognosis. Quality of life. Long-term medication often  Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Parasite: Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite with cats as its natural host. Transmission: Occurs through cat feces. Clinical Features: Primary Toxoplasmosis Lesion: White, smooth, elevated retinochoroidal lesion. Typically located at the posterior pole. Minimal or absent vitritis. No chorioretinal scars at the lesion edge or elsewhere.  Treatment of Toxoplasma retinochoroiditis Treatment options: 1. Clindamycin combined with oral corticosteroids. 2. Pyrimethamine, sulfonamides, folinic acid, and steroids. Treatment criteria: Not all active lesions require treatment, as the condition is often self-limiting. Treatment is indicated if the lesion poses a threat (e.g., to vision).  Punctate Inner Choroidopathy Punctate inner choroidopathy (PIC) is a bilateral inflammatory condition affecting young adults, typically young women. Scoto ma Blurring of vision Photop Young sia adults  FINDINGS OF PUNCTATE INNER CHOROIDOPATHY MULTIPLE YELLOW-WHITE LESIONS IN THE INNER CHOROID AND RETINA. LESIONS LARGELY CONFINED TO THE POSTERIOR POLE. QUIET EYES WITH NO INTRAOCULAR INFLAMMATION. Treatment options: Laser photocoagulation for extrafoveal lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) for juxtafoveal or subfoveal lesions. Steroids: Role is contentious but may reduce SERPIGINOUS CHORIORETIN ITIS BILATERAL PROGRESSIVE INFLAMMATORY DISEASE AFFECTING THE INNER CHOROID, RETINA, AND RETINAL PIGMENT EPITHELIUM (RPE). Lesion Characteristics: Location: Begin in the peripapillary area and spread centrifugally in a jigsaw- like pattern. Appearance: Well- circumscribed gray-white  CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS Incidence has risen dramatically over the past decade. About 80% of the general population has systemic CMV infection, but it is harmless in immunocompetent individuals. CMV retinitis occurs in individuals with compromised immune systems, such as: 1. Patients on immunosuppressant drugs. 2. Individuals with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV).  CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS Clinical Presentation Characterized by retinal necrosis and intraretinal hemorrhage. Often described as "tomato ketchup and mayonnaise" retinopathy. Commonly occurs in  IMPACT OF HIV CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS HIV Patients with HIV experience progressive T-cell function loss, increasing susceptibility. CMV retinitis was more common before the advent of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). HAART has significantly reduced the incidence of CMV retinitis. MANAGEMENT CYTOMEGALOVIRUS RETINITIS Intravenous Long term Intravitrial Therapy Implant  TRAUMA Trauma as a Cause of Bilateral Blindness Road Electrocuti Chemical accident on Injuries Self- inflicted Injuries  PREVENTION AND REDUCTION OF TRAUMA Emphasis on health and safety education for hazardous activities at work and home (e.g., DIY tasks). All eye care professionals have a role in promoting safety measures. Seat belt enforcement has significantly reduced bilateral The END