Chap7 Review PDF - Oxford University Press

# REVIEW 7 ## Multiple choice questions 1. Identify which body system removes wastes. - A respiratory system - B circulatory system - **C digestive system** - D excretory system 2. Identify where photosynthesis occurs in a plant. - A leaf - B stem - **C root** - D...

# REVIEW 7 ## Multiple choice questions 1. Identify which body system removes wastes. - A respiratory system - B circulatory system - **C digestive system** - D excretory system 2. Identify where photosynthesis occurs in a plant. - A leaf - B stem - **C root** - D xylem 3. Identify the disease that is caused by a build-up of plaque. - A pneumonia - **B valve disease** - C atherosclerosis - D asthma ## Short answer questions ### Remember and understand 4. Describe what Leonardo da Vinci did to become famous. 5. Describe a possible motivation for the earliest studies of the human body. 6. Identify four things that the circulatory system transports around your body. ## Figure 1 The respiratory system and circulatory system must work together to supply oxygen to the muscles. 7. Identify the gaseous waste product removed by the lungs. 8. Describe how the respiratory system and circulatory system work together. 9. Contrast 'cellular respiration' and 'breathing'. 10. Identify where chemical digestion occurs in the body. 11. Identify where peristalsis occurs in the body. Explain how it causes food to move. ## Figure 2 Each system in the human body is made up of organs that must work together. ## Multiple choice questions 12. Plants do not have a digestive system. Identify which organ helps the plant supply all its energy needs. 13. Describe the function of each of the four types of tissue. 14. Describe what is meant by 'an ethical issue'. ## Apply and analyse 15. Contrast 'organ' and 'system'. 16. Describe how the human digestive system can 'feed' all the other systems. 17. Describe why muscles need more blood during exercise. 18. Explain why you would not expect to find chloroplasts in the roots of a plant. 19. Some people have had the valves in their heart replaced with prosthetic valves, either made from synthetic materials or transplanted directly from a pig or cow heart. Explain why it is important that the valves in a heart are functioning properly. ## Evaluate 20. Sweating is often considered to be a bad thing. Evaluate this statement (by describing why people sweat, what is in the sweat and what would happen if a person was unable to sweat, and then deciding if the statement is correct). 21. Humans have a mix of molars and incisors, whereas canines (dogs) have more incisors. Compare the differences in diet between dogs and humans, using the types of teeth each has to support your comparison. 22. Mangrove trees get rid of excess waste salt through their leaves. This salt is often seen as white crystals on the underside of the leaves. Identify the system that this represents in the plant. Identify which organ(s) has the same function in humans. 23. Human dissections sound like grisly work. Explain why it was so important that they happened. ## Social and ethical thinking 24. There are many diseases that affect the different organs in the body. Sometimes the only treatment available is an organ transplant. Replacement hearts and lungs can only be obtained from critically injured patients who have been certified brain dead. Discuss with a partner the advantages and disadvantages of organ donation. Explain the reason why you would or would not sign up to be an organ donor. Explain why you should let your family know of your decision. ## Critical and creative thinking 25. Imagine it is your job to construct a 'user's manual' for one of the systems covered in this chapter. Write a list of ten 'Frequently Asked Questions' (FAQs) to go at the front of the manual. Write an answer to as many of your questions as you can. If you don't know the answer, write down where you could find the answer or who you could ask. 26. Use your understanding of the different systems of the human body to create a concept map detailing the connections between the systems. An example has been provided in Figure 3 to help you get started. | Function | Structure | Problems | |---------------------------------|-------------------------|--------------------------------------------------| | Carries nutrients and waste | Heart | Valve disease | | around body | Arteries | Atherosclerosis | | Pumps carbon dioxide to the | Capillaries | Coronary heart disease | | lungs | | Pericarditis | | Pumps oxygen from the lungs | | | | Blood | | | ## The Circulatory System 27. Revisit Challenge 7.1, the brown paper body brainstorm that you did at the start of this unit. Look at the body you and your group created. Evaluate your own work by writing a short paragraph about how your knowledge of your major body systems has changed after completing this unit. Give yourself a score out of 5 for then and a score out of 5 for now. ## Research 28. Choose one of the following topics for a research project. A few guiding questions have been provided for you, but you should add more questions that you want to investigate. Present your research in a format of your own choosing, giving careful consideration to the information you are presenting. - **Smoking bans:** Many smoking bans, such as bans in workplaces, are related to the issue of second-hand smoke. This refers to how smoke affects people standing near a person who is smoking. Find out some facts about the impacts of second-hand smoke. Argue your position on whether smoking bans should be extended or removed, or whether you think they are fine as they are now. - **Rh factor:** Research the Rh factor on blood cells. Describe how the Rh factor is written with blood groups. Identify what percentage of the population is Rh negative and what percentage is Rh positive. - **Getting rid of nitrogen:** Animals need to get rid of nitrogen. Some animals produce ammonia, some produce uric acid, some produce urea and others produce guanine. Find out which types of animals produce these different substances to remove nitrogen. Describe the environments where animals produce ammonia. Describe the environments where animals that produce urea live. Describe the advantages for animals of producing the different forms of nitrogenous wastes. - **Omega-3 fatty acids:** Describe omega-3 fatty acids. Identify the foods that should be eaten to include omega-3 fatty acids in your diet. Describe how omega-3 fatty acids help reduce heart disease. Describe what other diseases are helped by omega-3 fatty acids.