Parkinson's And Alzheimer's Disease PDF

Book Cover for Davis Advantage for Medical-Surgical Nursing: Making Connections to Practice, Third Edition. Chapter 36 Coordinating Care...

Book Cover for Davis Advantage for Medical-Surgical Nursing: Making Connections to Practice, Third Edition. Chapter 36 Coordinating Care for Patients With Brain Disorders Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Epidemiology Males > females 50,000 new cases per year Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Pathophysiology Loss of dopamine-producing brain cells Decreased dopamine in the brain Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Clinical manifestations Resting tremors Muscle rigidity Slowness of movement (bradykinesia) or loss of movement (akinesia) Postural instability (impaired balance and frequent falls) Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Medical management—Diagnosis Two or more cardinal symptoms with asymmetrical presentation Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Medical management—Medications Anticholinergics Dopamine-receptor agonists Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Nursing management—Nursing diagnoses Risk for falls Risk for constipation Powerlessness Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Nursing interventions— Assessments Tremors, rigidity, bradykinesia Gag and swallow Mobility Bowel and bladder function Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Nursing interventions—Actions Administer medications as prescribed Implement safety precautions Facilitate nutritional intake Elevate HOB Suction equipment at bedside Encourage patients to participate in self-care activities Facilitate interprofessional collaboration Communication strategies Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Nursing interventions—Teaching Medication compliance Safety precautions Psychosocial support Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Parkinson’s Disease  Nursing management—Evaluating care outcomes Prevention of falls Encouraging independent living Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s  Epidemiology 5.7 million Americans 5.5 million older than 65 Women > Men Black, Hispanic populations Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Dementia  Progressive cognitive decline that affects a person’s social and occupational functioning  Most common is Alzheimer’s dementia  Parkinson’s is a cause of dementia Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Risk factors Family history Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Pathophysiology No proven cause Decrease in neurotransmitters Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Clinical manifestations Forgetfulness** Difficulty with language (vocabulary and fluency) Short-term memory problems Agnosia Emotional lability Personality changes Loss of cognitive skills Loss in ability to complete tasks Difficulty problem solving Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Medical management—Diagnosis No diagnostic test History and physical Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Medical management—Treatment Physical and emotional support Donepezil, Rivastigmine, Galantamine, Memantine Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Nursing management—Nursing diagnoses Acute confusion Caregiver role strain Ineffective coping Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Nursing interventions— Assessments Weight Intake and output Bowel and bladder function Skin Activities of daily living Environment and safety Coping Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Nursing interventions—Actions Encourage/assist with feeding Implement safety measures Implement routine toileting practices Provide clock and calendar Provide routine activities Speak calmly Provide diversionary activities Provide emotional support Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Nursing interventions—Teaching Teach families how to provide care Label dangerous substances Monitoring systems Referral assistance Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company  Alzheimer’s Disease  Nursing management—Evaluating care outcomes Enhanced quality of life Preparation for end of life Copyright ©2024 F.A. Davis Company