Ch2-Pt1 PDF - History of Quebec and Canada

SR HIST SARAH & RYAN’S HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA CHAPTER 2: LAURIER’S LIBERALS 2.1 NOTES NAME: Chapter 2-Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Part 1: Wilfrid Laurier’s Liberal Government (1896-1911) NOTES Date: A) Canada within t...

SR HIST SARAH & RYAN’S HISTORY OF QUEBEC AND CANADA CHAPTER 2: LAURIER’S LIBERALS 2.1 NOTES NAME: Chapter 2-Nationalisms and the Autonomy of Canada Part 1: Wilfrid Laurier’s Liberal Government (1896-1911) NOTES Date: A) Canada within the British Empire Prime Minister of Canada: Wilfrid Laurier Elected: 1896-1911 Political party: Liberals First Francophone prime minister Attempted to unify Francophones and Anglophones NOTES Date: British Imperialism What: Imposing an empire’s culture, values and political institutions on the regions taken over. Who: English Canadians Why: Cultural and historical ties to Britain. Proud to belong to the British Empire and thought Canada should help the Empire expand throughout the world How: Supported and fought in the Empire’s wars. Imperial Federation League promoted British culture and opposed using French outside of Quebec. What does “an empire on which the sun never sets” mean? NOTES Date: (French Canadian) Nationalists What: A strong attachment to a particular country, or nation. Who: French Canadians Why: French Canadians did not feel they belonged to the British Empire. Wanted Canada to have more autonomy so they would distance themselves from the British Empire How: Were against Canada’s involvement in the Empire’s wars. Defended the language and religious rights of French Canadian Catholics throughout Canada. Henri Bourassa Anti-imperialist Journalist/politician What was Bourassa’s idea of nationalism like? NOTES Date: Laurier’s Policy of Compromise Laurier tried to strike a middle ground between the imperialists and French Canadian nationalists. He wanted Canada to maintain ties with Britain but… also wanted to promote its autonomy and independence Colonial Conference in London 1897: Laurier is invited by Joseph Chamberlain (secretary of state to the colonies) to attend a conference in London. Chamberlain wanted to strengthen the United Kingdom’s imperial ties with its colonies and its dominions by proposing the creation of a permanent imperial council. Laurier rejected this proposal NOTES Date:  How can Laurier’s position on Canada’s involvement in the Empire’s wars be associated with his policy of compromise? Challenge #1: The Boer War Britain had colonies in South Africa and wanted to take over land occupied by the Boers (originally Dutch settlers) because they had a lot of gold deposits. War broke out between the Boers and the British. British government called on Canada for military support. ….Uh oh. Laurier has a dilemma Who will support the war and who will not? ____________________________ ____________________________ NOTES Date: Laurier’s Solution: Compromise #1 He supported Canada’s involvement in the war but he did not impose conscription Only volunteers were sent to the front. Over 7000 Canadian soldiers went to South Africa to fight alongside the British. According to Laurier, did Canada’s involvement in the Boer War show Canada’s autonomy or dependence on the United Kingdom? NOTES Date: Challenge #2: Navy In the early 20th century, a rivalry began between the UK and Germany Britain asked Canada for money to fund its military and navy. Who will support Britain and who will not? ____________________________ ____________________________ Laurier’s solution: Compromise #2 Canada created its own Navy in 1910. Britain can ask for help whenever it needs it. ______________________ wanted to give money instead ______________________ worried that Canada would have to participate in all the wars NOTES Date: B) Immigration Policy NOTES Date: Under Laurier’s gov, Canada had a period of wealth. The economy finally began to benefit from the effects of the National Policy adopted by Macdonald in 1879. He continued Macdonald’s immigration policy but with more energy and resources. His strategies included: Publishing brochures Printing posters in several languages Opening immigration offices in large European cities Offering free land to immigrants Paying immigrants’ passage to Canada by ship Origins of immigrants Origins of immigrants ⅓ of immigrants were from the UK ⅓ from the USA ⅓ from Europe *Few restriction policies on Europeans and Americans NOTES Date: The Effects of Canada’s Immigration Policy The distribution of land, in the form of townships, led to an increase of agricultural land. The influx of immigrants also led to the creation of Alberta and Saskatchewan in 1905. NOTES Date: 1910 Colonization of Abitibi French are still leaving Quebec and going to the USA. Quebec government and church relaunched the colonization program to settle Abitibi *Remember Back to the Land Policy 1912 railway line gave access to Abitibi. Which “ism” does this remind you of? ______________________________ Colonists realized Abitibi was too rocky for agriculture but gold and copper deposits attracted new colonists and helped urbanize the region. 3. Impact of immigration in Western Canada Rise of Xenophobia Definition: fear/dislike of people from other countries Rural areas: immigrants from Central and Eastern Europe (Poles, Ukrainians, Russians, etc.) settled in communities occupying several land grants. English Canadians in the prairies were upset. NOTES Date: Urban Areas: Chinese and Japanese immigrants settled together in neighbourhoods where they tried to preserve their culture. Some English Canadians, (who were the majority in Western Canada) were afraid that the number of immigrants would grow and threaten their own culture. Consequences Canada gradually adopted restrictive measures with respect to Asian immigrants 1900: 100$ head tax on Chinese immigrants 1903: tax was increased to $500 1908: only 400 Japanese were allowed to immigrate per year NOTES Date:  Francophone Catholic Minorities With the massive arrival of immigrants in Western Canada, the demographic weight of Francophones in the area decreased. This led to fewer political representatives, limiting their ability to defend their rights. Challenge #3:Manitoba School Question of 1890 Refresh your memory: what happened? Laurier-Greenway Compromise 1897, Laurier proposed a solution to Thomas Greenway, the premier of Manitoba. “Laurier-Greenway compromise”: allowed for instruction in French Manitoba schools but classrooms had to have 10 or more Francophones 1912 Regulation 17: Province of Ontario only allowed French to be taught in the first two-years of elementary school. There were nearly 62,000 Francophones in Ontario. NOTES Date: “Well, sir, the government are very windy. They have blown and raged and threatened, but the more they have raged and blown the more that man Greenway has stuck to his coat. If it were in my power, I would try the sunny way. I would approach this man Greenway with the sunny way of patriotism, asking him to be just and to be fair, asking him to be generous to the minority, in order that we may have peace among all the creeds and races which it has pleased God to bring upon this corner of our common country. Do you not believe that there is more to be gained by appealing to the heart and soul of men rather than to compel them to do a thing”? Oscar Skelton, Life and Letters of Sir Wilfrid Laurier. Vol. 1, Toronto, Oxford University Press, 1921, pp. 464-465 NOTES Date: