Business Logic PDF

BUSINESS LOGIC ✓ and these ATTRIBUTES or characteristics Unit 2 are TRANSMITTED by the SENSES to the INTELLECT for processing Definition and Nature of Id...

BUSINESS LOGIC ✓ and these ATTRIBUTES or characteristics Unit 2 are TRANSMITTED by the SENSES to the INTELLECT for processing Definition and Nature of Idea ✓ this process is known as ABSTRACTION Ideas are intellectual representation (or ✓ ABSTRACTION is the LAST stage of the mental images) of some objects formation of IDEAS better known as the “Essence” or “Whatness” of a thing ✓ the function of ABSTRACTION is to STRIP Ideas as mental content that only exists in or ELIMINATE the non-essential the Mind ATTRIBUTES or CHARACTERISTICS of though they are not forever locked up in the Object being KNOWN for IDEAS to be the Mind formed and for them to be Understood they have to be Expressed IDEA, however, is distinct from IDEAS are expressed in WRITING or in PHANTASM SPEECH by using WORDS while PHANTASM is a SENSIBLE these WORDS are instrument (so called image of THINGS, it can only be found “organon” according to Aristotle) in in the IMAGINATION expressing IDEAS, which are designated as TERM or TERMS PHANTASM usually accompanies an IDEA How ideas are formed? 3 Elements this is because IDEA, by its ESSENCE, 1. the KNOWER is the very MEANING of PHANTASM 2. ACT OF KNOWING 3. The OBJECT KNOWN/ O. OF KNOWLDG 2 Faculties of Man 1. the SENSES (Sight, Hearing, Smell, Taste, Touch) 2. the INTELLECT (Brain or Mind in Psychology) Process happens thru: 1. phantasm Definition of a Term 2. abstraction ❖ TERM is derived from the LATIN word note: Phantasm comes first before “terminus” which means the LAST ELEMENT Abstraction to which a PROPOSITION may be RESOLVED, namely the SPOKEN word or the WRITTEN ✓ PHANTASM, the first process, works word (thru the SENSES) by duplicating (or ❖ a TERM is defined as a “WORD” or a “Group reproducing) concrete images of Object to of WORDS” that CONVENTIONALLY signifies the IMAGINATION an IDEA or CONCEPT ✓ the SENSES collects ALL the necessary ❖ not every WORD is a TERM ATTRIBUTES of the Object to be Known ❖ though a TERM is expressive of an IDEA, (understood) WORD may not have the same case  2.1. Singular there are WORDS like the articles and - this is a term that is definitely designated conjunctions (a, an, the, of, and in), which do as an INDIVIDUAL NOT REPRESENT any IDEA - Example: Makati City, Juan De la Cruz these WORDS are called SYNCATEGOREMATIC or INSIGNIFICANT 2.2 Particular Words - a term is particular if its function is they are OPPOSED to CATEGOREMATIC or INDETERMINATE SIGNIFICANT WORDS because these WORDS - Example: an apple, a man, some students represent definite IDEA or MEANING 2.3 Universal 2 Properties of a TERM - a term that refers to ALL INDIVIDUALS signified by the TERM 1. comprehension - Example: All, Each, and Every refers to the SUM-TOTAL of ALL INTELLIGIBLE elements SIGNIFIED by the 2.4 Collective TERM - a term that applies to ALL MEMBERS of a or simply the REAL definition of the CLASS taken TOGETHER, but not to the TERM individual members taken SINGLY refers to the TERMS’ IMPLICATION or - Example: class, team, and family CONNOTATION 3. According to Comprehension 2. extension - Terms may be classified into: univocal, refers to the SUM-TOTAL of ALL subjects equivocal & analogous that are COVERED by the TERM itself in 3.1 univocal its DEFINITION - is a term used in exactly the SAME sense better known as the TERMS’ - Example: Circle – a sphere and a figure APPLICATION or DENOTATION 3.2 Equivocal - it is a term used in a totally different ex: The TERMS Toyota Vios and Car, the former senses has more COMPREHENSION while (the term Car) - a term may be equivocal by these the latter has more EXTENSION situations: a. in Writing and in Speech The INVERSE Relationship between - when a term has the same pronunciation Comprehension and Extension and the same spelling - Example: Pitcher taken as player and “The Greater the COMPREHENSION the Less is Pitcher as a container; the EXTENSION, and VICE-VERSA” Ruler as a leader and Ruler as a measuring standard Classification of Terms b. in Writing but not in Speech 1. According to Absolute Extension - when a term has the same Spelling but - this refers to the range of subjects of a different pronunciation term - Example: desert (dry land) and desert 2. According to Functional Extension (to abandon) - this is the use of a term in an argument as: singular, particular, universal, c. in Speech but not in Writing collective  - when a term has the same Pronunciation Absolute Supposition but different in Spelling when a term is used to designate merely - Example: meet and meat; rot and rat the nature as such without reference into the individual subjects of the term 3.3 Analogous Examples: Every being has a Sufficient - a term is used in Partly the same and Reason Partly different senses Peso is a form of currency - Example: head as head of the family and Inflation is an economic situation head as head of the body Trading is a form of exchange SUPPOSITION of TERMS Personal Supposition the supposition of a term refers to the use when the term signifies the nature and of a term for the thing which it signifies individual subjects of this common the supposition of a term can be Formal or nature Material Example: Every Leader must be Responsible Formal Supposition A market is a venue of trading when the supposition of a term considers already the inherent meaning of the term The PERSONAL SUPPOSITION of a term is again itself through its signification subdivided into distributive and collective Example: An ASSET is a [form of] resource supposition with economic value Distributive Supposition Material Supposition when the term is used for all the when the supposition of a term merely individuals taken singly and together considers it as a word without taking into Example: account its inherent meaning All forms of corporation are subject to Example: An ASSET is five (5)-letter word state rules and regulations Every price has currency value The FORMAL SUPPOSITION of a term may be Real or Logical Collective Supposition when the term is used for all the Real Supposition individuals taken singly, yet not taken when the term is used for a thing in its together natural being or existence Example: Every Price is a Determinant of Example: Business as an Occupation or Demand Profession Logical Supposition when a term is used according to its logical existence in the mind’s operations Examples: The middle term must exist only in the premises but not in the conclusion Money is tangible form of asset The REAL SUPPOSITION may be Absolute or Personal