Viral Hepatitis B - G6 Past Paper PDF

ST. ANTHONY’S COLLEGE VIRAL HEPATITIS B Group VI OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, we will all be able to know more about the Viral Hepatitis B Disease such as: 1 How the infection is transmitted 2 The incubation period of Hepatitis B 3 Preventative treatments or cures...

ST. ANTHONY’S COLLEGE VIRAL HEPATITIS B Group VI OBJECTIVES At the end of the lesson, we will all be able to know more about the Viral Hepatitis B Disease such as: 1 How the infection is transmitted 2 The incubation period of Hepatitis B 3 Preventative treatments or cures for this disease 4 Integration of herbal medicine and it's preparation 5 Discover interesting facts and examples of this disease 6 Updates about Global, national and local situation of Hepatitis B WHAT IS HEPATITIS B?  Hepatitis B Is an infectious disease caused by the Hepatitis B virus (HBV). It leads to inflammation of the liver and can result in both acute HEPATITIS B and chronic conditions. according to World Health Organization (WHO) LIVER Hepatocytes (liver cells)  MODE OF TRANSMISSION Sexual Accidentally needle contact stick Sharing needles Mother to child  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (Acute Hepatitis B) Flu-like Symptoms: Jaundice: Fever Yellowing of the skin and eyes Fatigue Dark urine Muscle and Joint pain Gastrointestinal Issues: Loss of appetite Other Symptoms also Nausea and vomiting includes: Abdominal pain, particularly Itchy skin in the liver area or (upper Swollen or tender liver right ) Weight loss (Symptoms typically appear 1 to 4 months after exposure to the virus)  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS (Chronic Hepatitis B) This may not cause symptoms for many years, but when symptoms do appear, it can includes: Fatigue and Persistent Jaundice Weakness Joint Pain and Muscle Edema Ascites Easy Bruising and Bleeding Encephalopathy: Mental confusion and forgetfulnes.  SIGNS AND SYMPTOMS INCUBATION PERIOD Averange Range HEPATITIS B 60 to 90 30 to 180 The virus may be detected within 30 to 60 days after infection and days days can persist and develop into Chronic Hepatitis B INCUBATION PERIOD Acute Hepatitis B infection Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Lasts 1 to 4 months after This occurs when the immune exposure. The virus is system cannot clear the virus, replicating, but there are usually leading to a long-term infection no symptoms. lasting more than six months.  DIAGNOSTIC TEST HBsAg (Hepatitis B surface antigen) is a protein on the surface of HBV Purpose: Detects presence of the Hepatitis B virus in the blood. Method: Usually performed using ELISA or rapid immunoassays. Significance: A positive result indicates an active Hepatitis B infection ELISA technique?  DIAGNOSTIC TEST IgM anti-HBc - indicates a recent infection (within six months) - to detect Immunoglobulin M antibodies against the Hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAg) It identifies recent infection in patients with unclear Hepatitis B status. It also helps distinguish between acute and chronic Hepatitis B infection. It detects reactivation of chronic Hepatitis B in certain cases.  PREVENTATIVE TREATMENTS 1. VACCINATION 3. Practice safe sex Using barrier protection, such as Offers lasting immunity. condoms, during sexual activity to reduce the risk of Hepatitis B transmission. 2. SAFE PRACTICES 4. Screening Help prevent transmission to the baby. Avoid sharing needles, razors, or other personal items that could Hepatitis B vaccine & immune globulin: required for newborns to receive be contaminated with blood. shortly after birth if mother is infected.  PREVENTATIVE TREATMENTS 5. AVOIDING CONTACT 6. Education WITH BLOOD Awareness and education about Ensuring proper sterilization of hepatitis B and its transmission reduces risk behaviors and instruments and adherence to promote preventive measures for safety protocols prevents us from everyone these certain viruses RECOMMENDED HEPATITIS B VACCINE ENGERIX-B RECOMMENDED HEPATITIS B VACCINE GENEVAC-B  INTEGRATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE AND IT'S PREPARATION MILK THISTLE TURMERIC LICORICE (ROOT) Licorice was an ingredient in many of the prescriptions used Turmeric is active against in ancient times to treat Milk thistle is often promoted hepatitis viruses because of its hepatitis. for its liver-protecting effects. content, curcumin that could benefit liver in several ways. The root is well-known for its It’s regularly used as a anti-inflammatory activity, its complementary therapy by Turmeric inhibits hepatitis B crude extract, certain active DEFINITION people who have liver damage virus (HBV) via enhancing the components, and synthetic due to conditions like cellular accumulation of p53 derivatives of the active alcoholic liver disease, non- protein, activating the components that are used in alcoholic fatty liver disease, transcription of the p53 gene, modern pharmacies for the hepatitis and even liver cancer and increasing the stability of treatment of gastric ulcer.. Lastly, it also significantly p53 protein. reduce presence of H. pylori, causing diseases.  INTEGRATION OF HERBAL MEDICINE AND IT'S PREPARATION MILK THISTLE TURMERIC LICORICE (ROOT) Key components: Key Components: Silymarin Key Component: Glycyrrhizin, flavonoids Common Preparations: Curcuminoids Common Preparations: PREPARATION Tincture, capsules, tea Common preparations: Tincture, powder, tea, Powder, extracts, tea extracts  Hepatitis B was discovered in the year 1960’s. HEPATITIS B Blumberg and his team were studying genetic FACT variations in different populations, when they noticed an unusual antigen in the blood of an Australian Aborigines, that led to the identification of hepatitis B and the development of a blood test for the virus. Baruch Samuel Blumberg (American Physician) Founder of Viral Hepatitis B Hepatitis B virus is 100 times more infectious than the AIDS virus. Yet, hepatitis B can be prevented with a safe and effective vaccine. UPDATES ABOUT THE GLOBAL , NATIONAL AND LOCAL e) iq u nt A SITUATION OF s e L O C A L( S a n Jo s in e pp HEPATITIS B Ph ili L - N A IO MAT l l y a l ob G UPDATE: GLOBALLY UPDATE: NATIONAL ( PHILIPPINES) Globally, WHO 2022 result estimated According to Hepathology Society of about 254 million cases of Hepatitis B The Philippines, 60% cases were from particularly in the Western Pacific and horizontal transmission. African Regions. Hepatitis B is the leading cause of 1.2 million new infections each year liver cancer in the Philippines. which resulted in an estimated of 1.1 million deaths, mostly due to By the Republic Act No. 7846 of complications from Cirrhosis and 2011, includes mandatory of any Hepatocellular Carcinoma. newborn within 24 hours should be vaccinated against Hepa B. St. Anthony’s College UPDATE: LOCAL ( SAN JOSE ANTIQUE) Specific data on the prevalence of Hepatitis B in San Jose, Antique, is limited. However, the general trends in the province of Antique reflect the national situation, with ongoing public health initiatives to improve vaccination rates and public awareness. Local health authorities often collaborate with national programs to enhance the reach and effectiveness of Hepatitis B prevention and treatment services. St. Anthony’s College Programs in ANTIQUE for Hepatitis B  SHORT What are the different types of hepatitis? RECAP! Hepatitis viruses have natural affinity for what liver cell? What are the types of diagnosic tests for hepa B infections Determine the incubation period of Hepatitis B  St. Anthony’s College THANK YOU for your time and attention! St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME PLEASE PREPARE 1/4 SHEET OF PAPER QUIZ WILL BE: 1-5 (IDENTIFICATION) 6-7 (TRUE OR FALLS) 8-10 (MULTIPLE CHOICE)  St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME IDENTIFICATION 1. What hepatitis B vaccine is much more effective in adults? 2. What is the only blood test that can tell if you have chronic hepatitis B? 3. What particular liver cells are known as targets of Hepatitis B? 4. Who is the founder of Hepatitis B? 5. They are most likely to have Hepatitis B.  St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME TRUE OR FALSE 6. Milk Thistle is known as a treatment for Hepatitis B and have shown effect against fighting the viruses. 7. Hepatitis B is an inflammation of the kidneys and can result on both acute and chronic disease.  St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME MULTIPLE CHOICE 8. Which is not a mode of transmission of Hepatitis B? (a) Sexual contact (b) Sharing of food and water (c) Mother to child (d) Sharing needles  St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME MULTIPLE CHOICE 9. The virus can be detected in (a) 60-100 days (b) 30-40 days (c) 30-60 days (d) 30-180 days  St. Anthony’s College QUIZ TIME MULTIPLE CHOICE 10. Republic Act that includes mandatory of any newborn within 24 hours should be vaccinated against hepatitis B (a) R.A 9262 (b) R.A 7846 (c) R.A 9344 (d) R.A 6713