Biology: The Science of Life PDF

Characteristic Living Non-Living Organization Cellular Stracture No cells Metabolisim Process Energy No Metabolic Activity Growth Increse in Size...

Characteristic Living Non-Living Organization Cellular Stracture No cells Metabolisim Process Energy No Metabolic Activity Growth Increse in Size May increase in size through accumulation Adaptation Adapts to Enviroment No adaptation Response Reacts to Stimuli No response Reproduction Produces Offspring Cannot reproduce Homoestasis Mantain internal balance and Cannot adjust stability Biology: The scientific study of life and living organisms. Cell: The basic, fundamental unit of structure and function in all living organisms. Metabolism: The sum of all chemical processes that occur within an organism to sustain life, including anabolism (building up) and catabolism (breaking down). Homeostasis: The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes. Growth: An increase in size and mass of an organism. Development: The process of change and maturation an organism undergoes throughout its life. Reproduction: The biological process by which new individual organisms (offspring) are produced from their parents. Stimulus: A detectable change in the internal or external environment that evokes a response in an organism. Adaptation: The evolutionary process by which organisms become better suited to their environment over time. Natural Selection: The mechanism of evolution where organisms with favorable traits are more likely to survive, reproduce, and pass those traits to their offspring. Ecosystem: A community of interacting organisms and their physical environment. Botany: The scientific study of plants. Zoology: The scientific study of animals. Microbiology: The scientific study of microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Genetics: The scientific study of heredity and genes. Ecology: The scientific study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Evolutionary Biology: The study of the processes and patterns of biological evolution over time. Cellular - Individual cells Tissue - Groups of cells with a shared function Organ - Groups of tissues working together Organism - The complete living being Process Description Example Anabolic Constructs complex Protein synthesis molecules Catabolic Breaks down molecules Cellular respiration e.g., Photosynthesis is anabolic, converting sunlight into sugars for growth. Homeostasis refers to the process of regulating internal conditions to keep them stable, like keeping your body temperature within a healthy range despite changes in the external environment. This is a key characteristic that distinguishes living things from non-living things. You've demonstrated a solid understanding of how living organisms interact with and maintain stability within their environment.  Structural Physical features Camoflage Behavioural Actions/ Activities Migration Physiological Internal Processes Hibernation Adaptation enables living organisms to survive in their environment. It stems from genetic variation through natural selection. Physiological adaptation refers to internal processes, such as hibernation or metabolic changes, that help an organism survive in its environment. Sexual reproduction involves the combination of genetic material from two parents to create asexual reproduction only one parent is involved. Theories regarding the origin of life is that Creationism relies on faith-based belief and religious texts Scientific theories utilize empirical research and testable hypotheses. Spontaneous Generation- life arose from non-living matter Creationism- proposes that life was created by divine being Panspermia- theory that life originated somewhere else in the universe The chemical evolution theory postulates that life arose from non-life through gradual chemical changes that produced increasingly complex organic molecules from simpler inorganic ones The sources introduce a series of unifying themes that characterize all forms of life. These themes include: Energy Collection and Use: This theme explores how organisms obtain the energy they need to survive, examining different methods of energy acquisition and utilization.○ Nutrition: This theme examines how organisms acquire and process nutrients essential for growth, development, and various biological processes.○ Metabolism: This encompasses all the chemical reactions occurring within an organism, including the breakdown and synthesis of molecules.○ Excretion: This focuses on the removal of metabolic waste products from an organism.○ Growth and Development: This theme covers the processes by which organisms increase in size and complexity, emphasizing the role of cell division and differentiation. Evolution - it refers to the changes that happen in a family or group of living things over a long period of time. This is due to genetic variation and adaptation through natural selection. Variation: Individuals differ in their traits. Inheritance: Traits are passed genetically. Selection: Beneficial traits favor survival and reproduction. Time: Evolution occurs over many generations. Among giraffes, variation in neck lengths leads to selection of those with longer necks, which is inherited and accumulates over time. Natural Selection- process by which organisms with advantageous traits are more likely to survive and reproduce, passing those advantageous traits to their offspring Chimpanzee = primates - This is due to our homologous structure being the same Energy- all living things need energy to survive Nutrition is how organisms obtain and use the nutrients they need There are two main types of organisms based on how they get their food: Autotrophs make their own food, such as plants. Heterotrophs obtain food from other sources, such as animals and fungi  RNA DNA Versatile Double-helix structure Catalyst Blueprint Evolves deoxyribose Can store genetic information primary repository of genetic information. Not stable Stable ATP- energy Photosynthesis- no ATP, but gets energy from the sun.