BIO Test Revision PDF

BIO test revision By: Anthony Aoun Objectives 1. Define and give examples of filter feeders, cnidarians, ruminants, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores 2. Distinguish between carnivore and herbivore mouthparts and explain how each helps them in digestion 3. Explain how microbiome...

BIO test revision By: Anthony Aoun Objectives 1. Define and give examples of filter feeders, cnidarians, ruminants, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores 2. Distinguish between carnivore and herbivore mouthparts and explain how each helps them in digestion 3. Explain how microbiome bacteria are beneficial amd aid in digestion 4. Explain briefly how each of humans, ruminants, birds, sponges and cnidarians obtain and process food 5. Give one specific digestive feature of each of the humans, cnidarians, sponges, birds and ruminants Define and give examples of filter feeders, cnidarians, ruminants, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores Filter feeders: They filter out the nutrients from the water.They consume very small fish, shrimps and very small organisms. EX: Whales, sponges.. Cnidarians: Cnidarians are soft-bodied stinging animals. Ex: corals, sea anemones, and jellyfish.  Define and give examples of filter feeders, cnidarians, ruminants, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores Ruminants: Ruminants are herbivorous animals that has a 4 chambered stomachs. Ex: Cow , sheep , deer…. Detritivores: Detritivores are organisms that feed on decomposing plant/animal matter. EX: earthworm, fungi , insects… Omnivores: Omnivores are organisms that eat a mixture of both plants and meat. Ex: Dogs, birds,humans… Define and give examples of filter feeders, cnidarians, ruminants, herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, and detritivores Herbivores: Herbivores are organisms that only eat plants and herbs. There bodies have unique features for only eating plants. Ex: Cows, rabbits , snails… Carnivores: Carnivores are organisms that only eat meat. There bodies have unique features for only eating meat. Ex: Lion , tiger , wolf….. Distinguish between carnivore and herbivore mouthparts and explain how each helps them in digestion Herbivores Carnivores -Flat molars and incisors -Sharp canines to help grab prey - small canines -Sharp molars and incisors to chew the flesh of the prey - chew in a side by side maneuver - Very strong jaws -elongated jaw with a gap - Rough tongues -smooth tongues MOUTHPARTS Herbivores Carnivores Incisors - They act as “nail clippers” - Used to grab the prey - Used to chop off plant leaves Canines - Used to grab hard plants/ - Used to tear the flesh of the branches prey - Very small - Very sharp Molars/Pre-molars - Used to chew the plants - Crooked and sharp ( back teeth) - Used to chew and grind meat Explain how microbiome bacteria are beneficial and aid in digestion Microbiome bacteria are beneficial and aid in digestion because without them our bodies would start experiencing illnesses such as dherea and digestive problems,microbiome also helps our immunity.  Explain briefly how each of humans, ruminants, birds, sponges and cnidarians obtain and process food Humans: begins in the mouth and continues in the stomach and intestines. Enzymes break down carbohydrates , proteins and fats. Ruminants: One way digestive tract which uses a multi chambered stomach ( rumen). Used to ferment plant materials using microbes. Birds: Uses the ‘crop’ to temporarily store food, and “ gizzard” which uses small rocks to grind food. Sponges: Filter feeds when water goes through its pores and particles get trapped. Cnidarians: Uses specialized stinging cells Give one specific digestive feature of each of the humans, cnidarians, sponges, birds and ruminants Humans: Enzymes break down carbohydrates,proteins and fats. Cnidarians: Uses its tentacles to catch prey. Sponges: Uses filter feeding. Birds: Uses “Crop” used to temporarily store food. Ruminants: 4 chambered stomach.