Benner's Theory PDF

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. THE THEORIST BEHIND THE THEORY II. FIVE STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE III. METAPARADIGM OF THE THEORY IV. APPLICATION OF THE THEORY PATRICIA BENNER’S Novice To Expert Theory (Stages of Nursing Expertise) COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing...

 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. THE THEORIST BEHIND THE THEORY II. FIVE STAGES OF NURSING EXPERTISE III. METAPARADIGM OF THE THEORY IV. APPLICATION OF THE THEORY PATRICIA BENNER’S Novice To Expert Theory (Stages of Nursing Expertise) COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing THE THEORIST THE THEORIST BEHIND BEHIND THE THEORY THE THEORY PATRICIA BENNER In 1964, she earned her Bachelor of Arts in Nursing degree from Pasadena College in San Francisco. Received her Masteral Degree in Medical Surgical Nursing from the University of California in San Francisco. Obtained her PH. D from the University of California, Berkeley. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing PATRICIA BENNER Grew up and spent her childhood years in California. Professor in the Department of Physiological Nursing in the School of Nursing at the University of California, San Francisco. Noted as an international researcher and lecturer on health, stress and coping, skill and acquisition and ethics. Staff nurse in the areas of medical-surgical, emergency room, coronary care, intensive care units and home care. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing  DID YOU KNOW? Patricia Benner authored nine books.  NOVICE NOVICE TO TO EXPERT EXPERT THEORY THEORY Proposes that expert nurses develop skills and understanding of patient care over time through a proper education background as well as multitude of experiences. Not focused on how to be a nurse, rather on how nurses acquire nursing knowledge – one could gain knowledge and skills (“knowing how”) without ever learning the theory (“knowing that”). Benner used the Dreyfus Model of Skills Acquisition as a foundation of her work. The Dreyfus Model proposed that learning is experiental, meaning “learning through experience.” FIVE FIVE STAGES STAGES OF OF NURSING NURSING EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing 5 STAGES OF NURSING EXPERIENCE NOVICE NOVICE The person has no background experience of the situation. Free rules and objective attributes must be given to the person. This stage is where the nursing students belong. Nurses at higher levels can be classified as a novice if they are placed in an unfamiliar situation. ADVANCED BEGINNER ADVANCED BEGINNER The person has a sufficient experience to easily understand the situation. Clinical situations are viewed as advanced beginners as a test of their abilities and the demands of the situation placed on them. Can demonstrate marginally acceptable performance. Guided by rules and oriented by task completion. Newly nursing graduates are considered as advanced beginner. Responsible for managing patient care, yet still rely to those who have experiences. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing COMPETENT COMPETENT Consistency, predictability, and time management are important in this stage. Devises new rules and reasoning procedures for a plan, while applying learned rules for action on the basis of relevant facts of the situation. May display hyper-responsibility for the patient, often more than is realistic, and may exhibit an ever-presented and critical view of self. The most essential in clinical learning because the learner must know how to recognize which situation needs more attention and which ones to ignore. PROFICIENT PROFICIENT The performer perceives the situation as a whole rather than in terms of aspects, and the performance is guided by maxims. Qualitative leap beyond the competent. Recognizes the most salient aspects and has an intuitive grasp of the situation based on background understanding. Nurses at this level demonstrate a new ability to see changing relevance in a situation including implementation of skilled responses. They no longer rely on preset goals for organization. Demonstrate increased confidence in their knowledge and abilities. EXPERT EXPERT The expert performer no longer relies on analytical principle to understand the situation. Intuitive grasp of the situation and as being able to identify the region of the problem without losing time considering a range of alternative diagnoses, and solutions. Knowing the patient as a person. Demonstrating a clinical grasp and resource-based practice Possessing embodied know-how. Seeing the big picture. Seeing the unexpected. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing 55 STAGES STAGES OF OF NURSING NURSING EXPERIENCE EXPERIENCE COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing METAPARADIGM OF METAPARADIGM OF THE THEORY THE THEORY  PERSON PERSON Benner defined the person as “a self-interpreting being, that is, the person does not come into the world pre-defined but gets defined in the course of living a life. A person also has an effortless and non-reflective understanding of the self in the world. The person is viewed as a participant in common meanings.” Benner believed that there are significant aspects that make up a person. She had conceptualized the major aspects of understanding that the person must deal with; (1) the role of the situation, (2) the role of the body (3) the role of personal concerns, (4) he role of temporarily.  PERSON PERSON 5 Dimentions of the Body (Merleau, Ponty & Dreyfus) 1. The unborn complex. 2. The habitual skilled body. 3. The projected body. 4. The actual projected body. 5. The phenomenal body. ENVIRONMENT ENVIRONMENT Benner preferred the term “situation” to “environment” because it suggests a social environment with social definition and meaning. She used the phenomenological terms of being situated and situated meaning, which are defined by the person’s engaged interaction, interpretation, and understanding of the situation. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing  HEALTH HEALTH Benner focused “on lived experience of being healthy and ill.” She defined health as what can be assessed, while well-being is the human experience of health and wholeness. She also added that health is described as not just the absence of disease and illness.  NURSING According to Benner, nursing is an “enabling condition of connection and concern.” which actually shows a high level of emotional involvement in the nurse-client relationship. Benner also viewed nursing practice as the care and study of the lived experience of health, illness, and disease and the relationship among these three elements. APPLICATION APPLICATION OF OF THE THE THEORY THEORY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing EDUCATION EDUCATION Benner’s seven domains of nursing have the greatest influence and impact on nursing education relative to her works. Nursing educators have realized that early-stage learning needs are different from those required at later researches. 77 DOMAINS DOMAINS OF OF NURSING NURSING The helping role. The teaching-coaching function. The diagnostic patient and patient-monitoring. Effective management of rapidly changing situations. Administering and monitoring therapeutic interventions and regimens. Monitoring and ensuring the quality of healthcare practices. Organizational and work-role competencies.  PRACTICE PRACTICE Benner’s theory has been used to aid in the development of clinical ladders of promotion, new graduate orientation programs and clinical knowledge development seminars. Benner has been cited extensively in nursing literature regarding nursing practice concerns and the role of caring in such practice. RESEARCH RESEARCH Benner’s researches have been used in studying the impact of nursing and its seven domains in every aspect of the profession. COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES Department of Nursing  “Nursing is concerned with the social sentient body that dwells in finite human worlds; that gets sick and recovers that is altered during illness, pain and suffer; and that engages with the world differently upon a recovery.” -Patricia Benner REFERENCES REFERENCES Udan J. Q. (2020). Theoretical Foundations in Nursing (Second Edition). APD Educational Publishing House. Octavanio E., Balita C. (2020). Theoretical Foundations in Nursing: National Nursing Core Competency Standards Aligned Outcomes-Based Aproach. Aligood M. R. (2015). Nursing Theorists and their Works (10th Edition). Eustace R. (2020). From Novice to Expert Theory. Get in Touch With Us Send us a message or visit us City of Batac, Ilocos Norte, Philippines (63) 77-600-0459 [email protected] Follow us for updates facebook.com/MMSUofficial www.mmsu.edu.ph