Information Technology Systems Strategy, Management and Infrastructure, PDF

Unit 1: Information Technology Systems – Strategy, Management and Infrastructure Daw Khin Thuzar Tun Lecturer GUSTO College B3: Using and Manipulating Data  Explore how IT structure meets the...

Unit 1: Information Technology Systems – Strategy, Management and Infrastructure Daw Khin Thuzar Tun Lecturer GUSTO College B3: Using and Manipulating Data  Explore how IT structure meets the needs of organizations and their stakeholders. Understand how organizations make use of data and Learning Aims information Develop policies for the use of IT within an organization Key Content Areas of learning aim B B1 Data and information in an organization B2 Online communities B3 Using and manipulating data  Online services ❑ How do the features of online services meet the needs of individuals or organisations? How does the internet help? Does exposing ourselves online mean anything for our data? ❑ What online services can you think of? ❑ What data do they need? ❑ Can we avoid using them?  Online Services TASK – a list of industry sectors, write down what services in these sectors provide online. Ret Retail ❖ Retail ❖ Entertainment and leisure ❖ Financial services ❖ Productivity ❖ Education and training ❖ Booking systems ❖ News and information Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Retail – Most items can now be purchased online from a variety of shops, the products can be delivered to suit ours needs. ❖ It also means products can be bought which are not regulated by government standards. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Financial services – e.g. mortgages, advice, investments, banking, debt and loans. ❖ The UK’s financial services are regulated because we now have global access not all services can be guaranteed as authentic. ❖ We now have popular providers such as PayPal who are becoming a dominant force on the Internet. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Education and training – Now a days a lot of CPD courses which employees take are based online and even university courses use online providers. ❖ With the advancement of technology, students now use devices to connect to the internet for their research. ❖ However there are examples of fake research and unregulated online courses. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ News and information – It is suggested that we are bombarded with the content of the equivalent of over 200 newspapers per day. ❖ This is due to the ease of accessibility and range of tech that allows us access the news. ❖ News spreads quickly because people are able to capture the story there and then. ❖ Because news is readily available, staff productivity can be affected as well as ensuring news is correct and not biased. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Entertainment and leisure – with the emergence of smart phones, smart televisions, TV on demand, Netflix etc. TV is now accessible all throughout the day and this can occupy more time in peoples lives. ❖ However it is possible to put safety locks on certain channels. ❖ People do not have to go to the casino to gamble as online services allows people to do it at home, all this issues and more have affected peoples leisure time. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Productivity – there are some positive tools for example remote desktop which provides flexible working hours, cloud storage which allows collaboratively. ❖ However it could be argued that work can be intrusive into someone's personal life because they are expected to check communication from work in their own time. ❖ Social media has affected work productivity as people want to be up to date with the latest news. ❖ Some business confiscate mobiles or do not allow them in the workplace as it affects the companies productivity. Features and Implications using Online Services ❖ Booking systems – No longer do we receive tickets to travel with, or need to print out paper copies for confirmation. ❖ Online services allow us to search and compare for the cheapest deals and book travel, holidays, sports tickets etc. of course there is always a security risk using online services as they will need to collect personal data. The uses, impact and implications of online services ❖ Transactional data – data when a transaction is made. ❖ Targeted marketing – how business use transactional data to target marketing at their customers. ❖ Collaborative working – how do online services help individuals work together.  Impact on an Organization ∆ How does technology affect organisations? ∆ E.g. online shopping, social media, borrowing money, travel and accommodations, medical consultations, internet dating ∆ How can this all have an impact on business? Keywords CAD – computer aided design software which is used for detailed technical drawings. Used to help design cars and buildings. QR codes – quick response codes which provide direct links to, for example, websites or make a payment. Viral - unsolicited and infectious marketing tactics using social media to attract interest.  Features and implications of IT systems used by organisations Why has the use of IT systems o What are they? dramatically increased in the past o What are the advantages for a decade? business? How has the internet helped? o What are the implications for a What IT systems do businesses use? business? Stock Control / Data logging / Data Explanation Advantages Disadvantages analysis / General office tasks / creative tasks / advertising / Stock control manufacturing / security.  Keywords CRM – Customer Relationship Management system MIS – Management Information System SAP – Systems, Applications and Product is a data processing system CAM – Computer Aided Manufacturing is done by machines that use software to operate tools and machinery for manufacturing, so providing greater precision and accuracy.  The Impact of using IT Systems What is the impact of using IT systems in relation to these concepts…. ▪ User experience ▪ Employee and customer needs ▪ Cost ▪ Implementation ▪ Replacement or integration with current systems ▪ Productivity ▪ Working practice ▪ Staff training needs ▪ User support ▪ Security  Using and manipulating data ▪ What is data? ▪ Primary data – data the organisation has collected or produced itself ▪ E.g. list of customer details ▪ Secondary data - data which someone else has ‘bought in’ or collected by someone else. ▪ E.g. research articles, government reports etc ▪ What is the source of the data? How does it first appear? ▪ Data comes in a raw format and must be given context and analysed in order for it to become useful.  How is data collected? Task – use this table to explain how data can be collected. ❖ Quantitative – numerical data, generated into statistics Options to collect data Explanation ❖ Qualitative – gain an understanding and Survey the underlying reasons Questionnaire Focus Group Interview  Data Accuracy ❖ Why is the accuracy of data vital? ❖ What are the consequences? ❖ How can you ensure data is entered probably? ❖ Verification – checking with its original source ❖ Validation – if the parameters meet the input mask, data only accepted if its meets the criteria  Methods to Extract and Sort Data ❖ Data that is extracted comes in a raw format, digital database can be used to extract and sort the data with ease. E.g. A-Z or Z-A. ❖ Data can be filtered using queries using a single data criteria.  Numerical Data Modeling ❖ Numerical modelling – the process of producing a mathematical model to perform predetermined actions. E.g. personal finances, business forecast sales / manage cash / project future growth. ❖ Data modelling – creating a conceptual image of the meaning of data, modelling the data helps to evaluate usefulness and justify decisions. E.g. databases can store data and provide access the data through the use of searches. Through the use of relationships data can be sorted and linked. ❖ Presenting the data – the tables contain raw data, this is where the data is stored, these tables are usually protected and do not allow for data entry. Databases present data using reports, forms and graphical representations i.e. graphs.  Exam Style Question John runs a chain of four supermarkets. He employs 150 supermarket staff and 10 warehouse staff. The chain uses a number of IT systems, including PCs, for general office tasks, data and numerical modelling and an EPOS system to keep track of stock. Implications of user interfaces and data collection and processing systems ❖ Ease of use ❖ Accessibility ❖ Error reduction ❖ Intuitiveness ❖ Functionality ❖ Performance, usability and cost ❖ Compatibility END