AP Presentation 2A Tanker Class - Cargo Characteristics PDF

Read Huber Chapter 2 HYDROGEN ATOM CARBON ATOM 15  GAS LIQUID SOLID LIGHT HEAVY 1 6 25 NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE 16 CH4 17...

Read Huber Chapter 2 HYDROGEN ATOM CARBON ATOM 15  GAS LIQUID SOLID LIGHT HEAVY 1 6 25 NUMBER OF CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE 16 CH4 17 FLAMABILITY CURVE PRODUCT LEL UEL RANGE Crude 1.0 % 10.0% 9.0 % (average) Gasoline 1.3% 7.6% 6.3 % Kerosene 0.7% 6.0% 5.3% Benzene 1.4% 8.0% 6.6% Ethylene 2.0% 100% 98.0% oxide Ammonia 15.5% 27% 11.5% Naphtha 0.9% 6.7% 5.8%  Petroleum liquids are classified in many ways throughout the world. International Classification – In many safety-related rules and regulations, petroleum cargoes are broadly classified as volatile liquids and nonvolatile liquids. Volatile liquids: Petroleum liquids that have closed–cup flash points below 140°F (60° C). These type of cargoes are transported in a controlled atmosphere (inerted). 80°F The Flammable and Combustible liquids are further subdivided into grades based on their flash points and Reid vapor pressures.  U.S.C.G. Classification of Flammable Liquids Grade Flash Point Reid Vapor Examples Pressure A 80°F or 14 psi and Natural below above Gasoline, Naphtha B 80°F or More than Most below 8.5 but less Commercial than 14 psi Gasoline C 80°F or 8.5 psi and Most Crude Oils, Aviation below below Gasoline Grade Flash Point Reid Examples Vapor Pressure D Above 80°F N/A Kerosene, Commercial but below Jet Fuels 150°F E 150°F and N/A Heavy above Fuel, Lube Oils, Asphalt