ANSC314 Exam 1 PDF

Exam 1 ====== [Keep in Mind: ] - - - - Intro to Nutrition ------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -...

Exam 1 ====== [Keep in Mind: ] - - - - Intro to Nutrition ------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - What are nutrients ------------------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Water - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Comparative Digestion and Nutrition ----------------------------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Digestive Systems Why can cattle and horses utilize forage and fiber but man and dog cannot or very little? Things that are easy to digest don't need complex digestive systems - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Hind-gut Ruminant ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiber fermented in the colon, absorption of VFAs from the colon Fermentation in the rumen, absorption of VFAs from the rumen Diet starch and sugars are absorbed in SI Diet starch and sugars are mostly digested to VFAs and absorbed in the rumen The diet requires protein and B vitamins and in higher amounts in the diet Microbes make B vitamins and can be absorbed by the SI so the diet doesn't need as much - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Carbohydrates ------------- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Monosaccharides - - - #### Hexoses - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Pentoses - - - - - - - - - - ### Disaccharides - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Homopolysaccharides - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Dextrins - - - - - - - ### Cellulose, Hemicellulose, Pectin - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Heteropolysaccarides - - - - - - - - - - - ### Non-Carbohydrates - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Carbohydrate Function - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Fiber - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Lipids ------ - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Simple lipids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - ### Fatty Acids - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Saturated (no =) - - - - - - #### Unsaturated (has =) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - #### Polyunsaturated - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - REVIEW: ------- - - - - - - - - - - - Review With ChatGpt =================== Here's a summary of each slide from your \*\*Introduction to Nutrition\*\* PowerPoint, followed by suggested exam questions. \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 6: What is Nutrition? \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutrition is the science of consuming and utilizing food. \- Involves biochemistry, physiology, and other related fields. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- Define nutrition and explain its relevance in the fields of biochemistry and physiology. \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 7: Basic Questions/Learning Objectives \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Key questions include: What do animals need from food? How much? What happens after consumption? \- Focus on metabolism, energy needs, and health impacts. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- What are the basic questions addressed in animal nutrition? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 8: World Human Population Growth \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Population increase and its impact on food demand. \- Urbanization leading to decreased land for animal production. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How has the world population growth affected animal nutrition? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 9: Increase in Animal Production \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Significant advancements in animal productivity (dairy cows, beef cattle, poultry). \- Focus on matching nutrition with genetic potential. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How has improved nutrition impacted the productivity of dairy cows and poultry? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 10: Importance of Nutrition \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutrition supports growth, synthesis of products, and physiological systems. \- Essential for ATP synthesis and metabolic work. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- Why is nutrition vital for growth and ATP synthesis in animals? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 11: Nutrition and Physiological Stages \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutrient requirements change across life stages (e.g., growth, pregnancy). \- Higher protein for growth, increased calcium for aging, and energy during lactation. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How do nutrient requirements differ across physiological stages such as growth and pregnancy? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 12: Nutrition and Public Health \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Over-nutrition and obesity in humans and animals. \- Rising prevalence of metabolic diseases. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- What role does nutrition play in addressing public health issues like obesity? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 13: Human-Animal Relationships \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutrition affects pets, livestock, and wildlife. \- Examples include dogs, cats, zoo animals, and farm animals. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How does nutrition influence human-animal relationships, particularly in pets? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 14: Farm Profit and Nutrition \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Feed cost is the highest production cost. \- Optimizing nutrition can increase farm efficiency and reduce costs. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How does knowledge of nutrition contribute to reducing feed costs in farm animals? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 15: Companion Animals and Nutrition \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutritional requirements of companion animals. \- Over-nutrition and its impact on pet health. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- What are the effects of over-nutrition in companion animals? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 16: Nutrition and the Environment \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nutrient losses (nitrogen, phosphorus) contribute to environmental issues. \- Emphasis on reducing emissions and managing nutrients effectively. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- How does poor nutrition management contribute to environmental problems like nitrogen loss? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 17: Nitrogen Losses to the Environment \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Nitrogen emissions from manure and fertilizer contribute to environmental issues. \- Managing nutrient application to crops can mitigate these losses. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- What strategies can reduce nitrogen losses in animal production? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 18: Greenhouse Gases and Agriculture \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Agricultural emissions include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. \- Efforts are needed to mitigate the environmental impact. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- Which greenhouse gases are associated with agriculture, and what are their sources? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 19: Dilution of Maintenance \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Higher production efficiency dilutes maintenance costs. \- Producing more animal products with fewer resources reduces overall nutrient demand. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- Explain the concept of \"dilution of maintenance\" in animal nutrition. \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 20: Take-Home Points \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Population growth will increase protein demand. \- Improving nutrition efficiency is crucial for sustainability. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- What are the key challenges for animal nutrition in the face of a growing global population? \-\-- \#\#\# Slide 21: Nutrition in the News \*\*Key Points:\*\* \- Importance of critically evaluating nutrition-related news and studies. \- Examples of misconceptions like the \"lettuce vs bacon\" emissions comparison. \*\*Suggested Exam Questions:\*\* \- Why is it important to critically evaluate nutrition claims in the media? \-\-- This summary breaks down the major themes and topics covered in the PowerPoint. These suggested questions focus on understanding key concepts and their application in real-world scenarios.