ANPH 204 Circulatory System Study Guide PDF

ANPH 204 -Circulatory and Lymphatic System- Study Guide **1. The Blood** Question type: Multiple Choice 1\) Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood? a\) Transportation of nutrients b\) Regulation of blood pH c\) Protection against infectious disease d\) Transportation of h...

ANPH 204 -Circulatory and Lymphatic System- Study Guide **1. The Blood** Question type: Multiple Choice 1\) Which of the following is NOT a major function of the blood? a\) Transportation of nutrients b\) Regulation of blood pH c\) Protection against infectious disease d\) Transportation of heat e\) Production of oxygen Answer: e 2\) What percentage of blood plasma is water? a\) 95.1% b\) 91.5% c\) 88.5% d\) 4.9% e\) 8.5% Answer: b 3\) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in disease resistance? a\) Albumin b\) Globulins c\) Fibrinogen d\) Myoglobin e\) Hemoglobin Answer: b 4\) Which of the following plasma proteins plays a role in blood clotting? a\) Albumin b\) Globulins c\) Fibrinogen d\) Prostaglandins Answer: c 5\) The process by which the formed elements of the blood develop is called a\) hematospermia. b\) hemopoiesis. c\) thrombocytosis. d\) hemostasis. e\) polycythemia. Answer: b 6\) A megakaryoblast will develop into a\) a red blood cell. b\) a white blood cell. c\) a platelet. d\) either a white blood cell or a platelet. e\) none of these choices. Answer: c 7\) Which of the following hormones stimulates proliferation of red blood cells in red bone marrow? a\) erythropoietin (EPO) b\) thrombopoietin (TPO) c\) human growth hormone (hGH) d\) calcitonin (CT) e\) follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Answer: a 8\) The major function of red blood cells is a\) nutrient transport. b\) cytokine stimulation. c\) blood cell proliferation. d\) gas transport. e\) disease resistance. Answer: d 9\) Jaundice, a yellowing of the skin, is a condition caused by the deposition of bilirubin in the skin. It may be associated with a\) excessive breakdown of red blood cells b\) cancer of the bowel or pancreas c\) blockage of bile drainage by gallstones d\) increased atmospheric oxygen Answer 1: a Answer 2: b Answer 3: c 10\) Erythropoiesis may be stimulated by a\) pulmonary disease that decreases available oxygen b\) excessive bleeding c\) traveling to high altitudes d\) diving in deep water Answer 1: a Answer 2: b Answer 3: c 11\) Which of the following blood cells is a phagocyte? a\) Neutrophil b\) Platelet c\) Lymphocyte d\) Basophil e\) Erythrocyte Answer: a 12\) Which of the following blood components is involved in reducing blood loss from a damaged blood vessel? a\) Erythrocyte b\) Platelet c\) Lymphocyte d\) Basophil e\) Neutrophil Answer: b 13\) Which of the following blood cells releases granules that intensify the inflammatory response and promote hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions? a\) Eosinophil b\) Monocyte c\) Lymphocyte d\) Basophil e\) Neutrophil Answer: d 14\) Which of the following blood cells phagocytizes antigen-antibody complexes and is effective against parasitic worms? a\) Eosinophil b\) Monocyte c\) Lymphocyte d\) Basophil e\) Neutrophil Answer: a 15\) Which of the following cells is NOT an agranular leukocyte? a\) Monocytes b\) Macrophage c\) Lymphocyte d\) Basophil e\) All of these choices Answer: d 17\) The process of a white blood cell squeezing between endothelial cells to exit a blood vessel is called a\) emigration. b\) diaphysis. c\) adhesion. d\) opsonization. e\) phagocytosis. Answer: a 18\) Which of the following substances is an anticoagulant produced by mast cells and basophils? a\) Heparin b\) Fibrinogen c\) Thromboxane A2 d\) Prostacyclin e\) Plasmin Answer: a 19\) Which labeled cell in the diagram is a WBC?\ pap14\_tb\_19\_qu33.gif a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) Both B and C e\) A, B and C Answer: c 20\) What is this figure demonstrating?\  a\) Erythropoiesis b\) RBC differentiation c\) Emigration d\) Clot formation e\) Clot retraction Answer: c 21\) What does this figure represent?\ pap14\_tb\_19\_qu38.gif a\) Erythropoiesis b\) RBC differentiation c\) Emigration d\) Clot formation e\) Clot retraction Answer: d 22\) Which of the following antibodies would you find in the plasma of a person with type O blood? a\) anti-A b\) anti-B c\) anti-A and anti-B d\) No antibodies to ABO blood group antigens e\) Not enough information to answer Answer: c 23\) When blood from a normal adult is centrifuged, as shown in the figure, which of the following components occupies the greatest volume?\  a\) plasma b\) red blood cells c\) platelets d\) buffy coat e\) white blood cells Answer: a 24\) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the highest percentage of the blood component labelled II in the figure?\ pap14\_tb\_19\_qu45.gif a\) eosinophils b\) monocytes c\) lymphocytes d\) neutrophils e\) basophils Answer: d 25\) Which of the following blood cell types normally comprises the smallest percentage of the blood component labelled II in the figure?\  a\) eosinophils b\) monocytes c\) lymphocytes d\) neutrophils e\) basophils Answer: e 26\) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the highest percentage in the blood component labelled I in the figure?\ pap14\_tb\_19\_qu45.gif a\) globulin b\) albumin c\) fibrinogen d\) thrombin e\) keratin Answer: b 27\) Which of the following types of proteins is present at the lowest percentage of the blood component labelled I in the figure?\  a\) globulin b\) albumin c\) fibrinogen d\) all of the proteins listed are found in equal percentages e\) none of the proteins listed are found in component I Answer: c 28\) Which of the following precursor cells eventually gives rise to the platelets? a\) Megakaryoblast b\) Proerythroblast c\) T lymphoblast d\) Monoblast e\) Myeloblast Answer: a 40\) Which of the following formed elements found in the blood are derived from reticulocytes? a\) Platelets b\) Erythrocytes c\) T lymphocytes d\) Monocytes e\) Basophils Answer: b 29\) Serum is a\) the same as plasma. b\) plasma without the clotting factors. c\) the same as lymph. d\) formed during the first step in blood clotting. e\) pulmonary interstitial fluid. Answer: b 30\) A condition in which inadequate intake of vitamin B~12~ or folic acid causes the production of large abnormal red blood cells is called a\) hemorrhagic anaemia. b\) aplastic anemia. c\) megaloblastic anemia. d\) pernicious anemia. e\) iron deficiency anaemia. Answer: c 31\) Anemia is defined as a\) a condition where blood does not clot properly. b\) a condition where blood cells are lysed by the immune response. c\) a condition where there is excessive bleeding. d\) a condition in which the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood is reduced. e\) none of these choices. Answer: d 32\) The average life span of an erythrocyte in the circulation is a\) 4 to 5 years. b\) 4 to 5 hours. c\) 5 to 9 days. d\) 120 days. e\) 120 weeks. Answer: d 33\) Which of the following are characteristics of BOTH erythrocytes and platelets? a\) no nucleus b\) large segmented nucleus c\) cytoplasmic granules d\) lifespan of 5 to 9 days e\) develop from myeloblasts Answer: a 34\) Which of the following formed elements in the blood is removed by fixed macrophages in the spleen and liver after only 5 to 9 days in circulation? a\) erythrocytes b\) platelets c\) monocytes d\) basophils e\) eosinophils Answer: b **2. The Heart** 1\) Which of the following terms identifies the anatomical region found between the lungs that extends from the sternum to the vertebral column and from the first rib to the diaphragm? a\) Epicardium b\) Abdominal cavity c\) Pericardium d\) Mediastinum e\) Thoracic cavity Answer: d 2\) The membrane that surrounds and protects the heart is called the a\) pericardium. b\) pleura. c\) myocardium. d\) mediastinum. e\) endocardium. Answer: a 3\) Which of the following is used to reduce friction between the layers of membranes surrounding the heart? a\) Synovial fluid b\) Endocardium c\) Pleural fluid d\) Pericardial fluid e\) Capillary endothelium Answer: d 4\) Which layer of the heart wall consists of cardiac muscle tissue? a\) Epicardium b\) Pericardium c\) Myocardium d\) Endocardium e\) Hypocardium Answer: c 5\) Through which structure does blood pass from the right atrium to the right ventricle? a\) Bicuspid valve b\) Interventricular septum c\) Tricuspid valve d\) Mitral valve e\) Ascending aorta Answer: c 6\) What type of tissue comprises the valves of the heart? a\) Dense connective tissue b\) Areolar connective tissue c\) Hyaline cartilage d\) Cardiac muscle tissue e\) Adipose tissue Answer: a 7\) Blood leaving the left ventricle passes through which of the following structures? a\) Right atrium b\) Interventricular septum c\) Bicuspid valve d\) Aortic semilunar valve e\) Pulmonary semilunar valve Answer: d 8\) Contraction of the ventricles of the heart leads to blood moving directly a\) into arteries. b\) into capillaries. c\) into veins. d\) through an atrioventricular valve. e\) through the apex. Answer: a 9\) Contraction of the atria of the heart leads to blood moving directly a\) into auricles. b\) into arteries. c\) into veins d\) through atrioventricular valves e\) through semilunar valves. Answer: d 10\) Which valve below prevents blood from flowing back into the right ventricle? a\) Tricuspid valve b\) Bicuspid valve c\) Pulmonary semilunar valve d\) Aortic semilunar valve e\) Mitral valve Answer: c 11\) Which of the following chambers of the heart contains deoxygenated blood? a\) Left atrium and left ventricle b\) Left atrium only c\) Right atrium and right ventricle d\) Right ventricle only e\) Left atrium and right ventricle Answer: c 12\) Which of the following blood vessels is used to distribute oxygenated blood to the myocardium? a\) Coronary artery b\) Coronary vein c\) Coronary sinus d\) Vena cava e\) Myocardial vein Answer: a 13\) Which of the following types of muscle contains the largest number of mitochondria per cell? a\) Smooth muscle b\) Skeletal muscle c\) Cardiac muscle d\) All the muscle types contain approximately the same number. e\) Mitochondria are not found in muscle cells. Answer: c 14\) Which term refers to the period of time during a cardiac cycle when contraction of a chamber occurs and pressure within the chamber rises? a\) filling b\) systole c\) repolarization d\) diastole e\) fibrillation Answer: b 15\) During which of the following periods does the largest volume of blood enter the arteries? a\) atrial diastole b\) ventricular diastole c\) atrial systole d\) ventricular systole e\) the volume is about the same during each period Answer: d 16\) The second heart sound (dupp) closely follows which of the events listed below? a\) Valvular stenosis b\) Semilunar valves opening c\) Atrioventricular valves closing d\) Semilunar valves closing e\) Atrioventricular valves opening Answer: d 17\) Which of the following correctly describes ventricular ejection? Select all that apply. a\) occurs when semilunar valves are open b\) occurs when semilunar valves are closed c\) lasts for about 0.25 second d\) lasts for about 0.1 second e\) occurs when atrioventricular valves are open f\) occurs when atrioventricular valves are closed Answer 1: a Answer 2: c Answer 3: f 18\) In the diagram, where is the left auricle of the left atrium?\ Diagram Description automatically generated a\) C b\) F c\) G d\) H e\) I Answer: c 19\) In the diagram, which labelled structure prevents blood flow from the right ventricle back into the right atrium?\  a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: b 20\) In the diagram, which labeled structure is the pulmonary semilunar valve?\ Diagram Description automatically generated a\) B b\) D c\) E d\) A e\) C Answer: d 21\) In the diagram, which labeled structures are atrioventricular valves?\ \  a\) A and B b\) C and D c\) A and C d\) B and D e\) A, B, C and D Answer: d 22\) Which labeled blood vessel in the diagram is an artery carrying deoxygenated blood?\ \ Diagram Description automatically generated a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) E e\) F Answer: d 23\) Which labelled blood vessel shown in the diagram is the left common carotid artery?\  a\) A b\) B c\) E d\) F e\) H Answer: a 24\) Which structure in the figure is labeled B?\ 5Diagram Description automatically generated a\) left common carotid artery b\) left subclavian artery c\) left pulmonary vein d\) superior vena cava e\) brachiocephalic trunk Answer: b 25\) Which structure in the figure is labelled A?\  a\) left common carotid artery b\) left subclavian artery c\) left pulmonary vein d\) pulmonary trunk e\) superior vena cava Answer: a 26\) Which labeled structure in the figure acts as the natural pacemaker of the heart?\ Diagram Description automatically generated a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: a 27\) Which labeled structure in the figure is the AV node?\  a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: b 28\) Two hormones that increase heart rate are \[dropdown 1\] and \[dropdown 2\]. Dropdown 1 Choices: adrenocorticotropic hormone growth hormone testosterone thyroid hormone Answer 1: thyroid hormone Dropdown 2 Choices: acetylcholine epinephrine insulin melatonin Answer 2: epinephrine 29\) Which labeled structure in the figure represents the only pathway for conducting action potentials from the atria to the ventricles?\ Diagram Description automatically generated a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: c 30\) Which labeled structure in the figure carries the cardiac action potential directly into the contractile fibers of the ventricular myocardium?\ \  a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: e **3. Blood Vessels** 1\) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood away from the heart to other organs? a\) arteries b\) capillaries c\) venules d\) arterioles e\) veins Answer: a 2\) Which of the following blood vessels carries blood from the tissues back to the heart? a\) arteries b\) arterioles c\) aorta d\) veins e\) capillaries Answer: d 3\) In order to supply nourishment to liver tissue, which vessel must deliver blood to the organ? a\) hepatic artery b\) hepatic vein c\) hepatic portal vein d\) superior mesenteric artery e\) splenic artery Answer: a 4\) If a patient is confined to bed and is unable to walk at all, which of the following will be seriously affected? a\) blood flow to the lungs b\) blood flow to the kidneys c\) the circulation returning from the lower body d\) circulation in the jugular veins d\) blood flow to the intestines Answer: c 5\) Capillaries are also referred to as a\) exchange vessels. b\) vasoconstrictors. c\) vasodilators. d\) pressure reservoirs. e\) distributing vessels. Answer: a 6\) Which of the following is the most important method of capillary exchange? a\) diffusion b\) facilitated diffusion c\) bulk flow d\) primary active transport e\) secondary active transport Answer: a 7\) Which of the following structures is used to control the flow of blood through a capillary bed? a\) thoroughfare channels b\) precapillary sphincters c\) postcapillary sphincters d\) venules e\) valves in veins Answer: b 8\) The pressure-driven movement of fluids and solutes from the blood into the interstitial fluid is called a\) reabsorption. b\) filtration. c\) bulk flow. d\) osmosis. e\) transcytosis. Answer: b 9\) Which of the following would NOT result in an increase in arterial blood pressure? a\) Increased blood volume b\) Increased sympathetic stimulation c\) Increased heart rate d\) Increased stroke volume e\) Increased arteriolar vasodilation Answer: e 10\) The right common carotid artery branches directly off the a\) left common carotid artery b\) left subclavian artery c\) brachiocephalic trunk d\) right subclavian artery e\) right coronary artery Answer: c 11\) Which of the following is NOT a contribution of the cardiovascular system to other body systems? a\) Blood delivers clotting factors and WBCs that aid in hemostasis when skin is damaged. b\) Blood delivers calcium and phosphate ions that are needed for building bone extracellular matrix. c\) Blood carries carbon dioxide to body tissues and removes oxygen for use by other organs. d\) Blood carries newly absorbed nutrients and water to the liver. e\) Blood circulates cells and chemicals that carry out immune functions. Answer: c 12\) Which of the following hormones would NOT stimulate changes that lead to an increase in arterial blood pressure? a\) Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) b\) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) c\) Aldosterone d\) Angiotensin II e\) Norepinephrine Answer: a 13\) Nutrients from digested food enter the liver via the a\) hepatic portal circulation b\) hepatic vein c\) abdominal aorta d\) inferior vena cava e\) renal veins Answer: a 14\) The branches from the ascending aorta that supply blood to the cardiac muscle are the a\) circumflex arteries b\) coronary arteries c\) anterior descending arteries d\) interventricular arteries e\) pulmonary arteries Answer: b 15\) Which of the labelled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall consists mainly of elastic fibres and smooth muscle fibres?\ pap14\_tb\_21\_qu32 a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) A and B e\) A, B and C Answer: b 16\) Which of the labeled layers in the diagram of the arterial wall is composed of a simple squamous epithelium, a basement membrane and a layer of elastic tissue?\  a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) A and B e\) A, B, and C Answer: a 17\) Which labeled structure in the figure is precapillary sphincter?\ pap14\_tb\_21\_qu34 a\) A b\) B c\) C d\) D e\) E Answer: c 18\) What physiological process is depicted in this figure?\ 8 a\) Venous blood blockage b\) Skeletal muscle pump c\) Respiratory pump d\) Thoroughfare channels e\) Anastomosis Answer: b 19\) All the veins of the systemic circulation eventually drain into the a\) superior vena cava. b\) inferior vena cava. c\) coronary sinus. d\) superior and inferior vena cava. e\) superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus. Answer: e 20\) The pulmonary trunk divides into a\) brachiocephalic trunk and left subclavian artery b\) right and left subclavian arteries. c\) right and left pulmonary veins. d\) right and left pulmonary arteries. e\) right and left common carotid arteries. Answer: d 21\) If the foramen ovale doesn't close at birth, the result will be a\) overloading the lungs with blood b\) excessive volume in the pulmonary trunk c\) a reduction of volume in the aorta d\) introducing deoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation e\) no change in the content of the systemic or pulmonary circulations Answer: d 22\) Which of the following vessels supplies blood to the intestines? a\) Radial artery b\) Subclavian artery c\) Mesenteric artery d\) Coronary artery e\) Popliteal artery Answer: c 23\) Which of the following vessels drains blood from the head and neck? a\) Median cubital vein b\) Inferior vena cava c\) Axillary vein d\) Femoral vein e\) Jugular vein Answer: e 24\) Which of the following vessels carries the venous blood from the lower body into the right atrium? a\) Inferior vena cava b\) Superior vena cava c\) Tibial vein d\) Coronary vein e\) Iliac vein Answer: a 25\) Which vessel in the figure is labeled "B"?\ pap14\_tb\_21\_qu56 a\) right ulnar artery b\) right subclavian artery c\) right radial artery d\) right brachial artery e\) right axillary artery Answer: b 26\) Which vessel in the figure is labeled "A"?\  a\) right subclavian artery b\) right radial artery c\) right common carotid artery d\) right brachial artery e\) right axillary artery Answer: c 27\) Normal blood pressure for a young adult male is less than a\) 120/80. b\) 130/90. c\) 80/120. d\) 100/80. e\) 150/85. Answer: a 28\) Which of the following types of blood vessels have high, pulsing blood pressure? a\) arterioles b\) capillaries c\) venules d\) veins e\) vena cavae Answer: a 29\) The pulmonary circulatory route carries blood from the a\) right atrium to the right ventricle. b\) right ventricle to the left atrium. c\) left atrium to the left ventricle. d\) left ventricle to the right atrium. e\) left ventricle to the coronary sinus. Answer: b 30\) Emphysema is a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) that causes progressive destruction of alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs leading to a decreased ability to exhale. How does this disease affect carbon dioxide levels in the blood? a\) they are unaffected b\) they increase c\) they decrease d\) the result varies with each individual e\) first, they increase, then they decrease Answer: b 31\) The chemical histamine causes capillary walls to become more permeable. Excess histamine secretion, as might be seen in allergic responses, might lead to a\) decreased blood flow b\) edema c\) increased pain sensation d\) blood clotting e\) hypertension Answer: b