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BEHAVIORIST BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 4.Latency Stage Positive Reinforcement = Add 6- puberty IVAN PAVLOV something pleasant None-dormant sexual -classica...

BEHAVIORIST BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION 4.Latency Stage Positive Reinforcement = Add 6- puberty IVAN PAVLOV something pleasant None-dormant sexual -classical conditioning Negative Reinforcement = feeling -dog Remove something unpleasant typically prefer playmates -automatic Positive Punishment = Add of their own sex. something unpleasant 5. Genitals Stage JOHN WATSON Negative Punishment = remove Puberty Behaviorism something pleasant maturation of sexual “little Albert” interest Environment JEAN PIAGET Reaching full sexual -theory of child cognitive maturity B.F SKINNER development starts to manifest in Operant conditioning Schema - organize and adolescence interpret information in “Rat/pigeons the world around. Reinforcement Conscious level - EGO Assimilation - taking in Thoughts and perception radical behaviorism. new information and Subconscious level - SUPEREGO fitting it into existing Memories Albert Bandura schemas. Stored Knowledge Social Learning Theory Accommodation - “bobo doll” Unconscious level - ID changing and revising Feers Modelling existing schema in face of Selfish needs Edward Tolman new experiences or new Learning is Shameful experiences information. purposive/goal directed Volent motives Selects the shortest/ ID - drives and demands instant FREUD PSYCHOSEXUAL easiest path gratification DEVELOPMENT THEORY Groups of rats EGO - find gratification yet avoid build up cognitive maps the disapproval of others. 1. Oral Stage of their environment SUPEREGO- right and wrong Birth to 18 months from past experience Mouth- sucking, ERICKSON OF PSYCHOLOGICAL chewing, biting DEVELOPMENT Weaning off of Birth to 1 year - ORAL STAGE breastfeeding TRUST VERSUS MISTRUST Smoking, overeating - connect its environment which inner feelings of 2. Anal Stage satisfaction and 18 moths to 3 years contentment. Anus-bowel and bladder About 1 to 3 years - ANAL STAGE elimination AUTONOMY VERSUS Toilet training SHAME AND DOUBT- Robert Gagne Orderliness, messiness Develop a sense of neo-behaviorist new learning builds upon independence in many 3. Phallic Stage tasks prior learning 3-6 years the nine events of Genitals- coping with instruction incestuous sexual feelings Siegfried Engelmann views his father as his direct instruction competitor of his carefully planned lessons mother’s attention About 3 to 6 year- PHALLIC 3. LAW OF READINESS – events. For example, STAGE prepared/motivated as for kids, dreams INITIATIVE VERSUS GUILT- are real. LESSON 3: COGNITIVE THEORIES Take initiative on some Artificialism The child activities-may develop The Piaget’s Cognitive Theory of believes that natural guilt when unsuccessful Development events are man- or boundaries made. overstepped Schema- prior About 6 to 12 years - LATENCY knowledge, building Concrete Operational - 7 to 11 STAGE blocks of knowledge years INDUSTRY VERUSU Assimilation- new Decentering - perceive INFERIORITY - Develop knowledge the different features of self-confidence in Accomodation – modify objects and situations. abilities when competent old knowledge Reversibility - the child to or sense of inferiority Equilibration- old follow that certain when not knowledge and new operations can be done knowledge being in reverse. Adolescence - GENITAL STAGE processed Conservation - The ability IDENTITY VERSUE ROLE Sensorimotor - Birth to 2 to know that certain DIFFUSION - Experiment Years properties of objects like with and develop identity sucking, and reaching number, mass, volume or and roles object still exists even area do not change even Young Adulthood when out sight if there is a change in INTINACY VERSUS appearance. ISOLATION - Establish Preoperational Stage - 2 to 7 Seriation - arrange things intimacy and years in a series based on one relationships with others Symbolic Function- dimension such as Middle adulthood represent object and weight, volume, size, etc. GENERATIVITY VERSUS events. For example, Classification - group STAGNATION - Contribute a child is pretending things or object based on to society and be part of a broom is a horse. a single dimension. a family Egocentrism- only see his POV and Formal Operational - 11 years Late Adulthood assume that and above EGO INTEGRITY VERSUS everyone else has his Hypothetical Reasoning - DESPAIR - Assess and same POV. come up with different make sense of life and Centration- only hypothesis about a meaning of contributions focus on one thing or problem to make event and exclude judgment. BEHAVIORAL THEORIES other aspects. Analogical Reasoning - Lack of Conservation- perceive the relationship Behaviorism - is based on the some things remain in one instance and use principle of stimulus and unchanged despite that relationship to response looking different narrow down possible EDWARD THORNDIKE- Irreversibility- answers in similar CONNECTIONISM THEORY inability to reverse problems. their thinking. Deductive Reasoning - 1. LAW OF EFFECT - Animism- attribute think logically by applying Strengthen (positive- human like traits to a general rule to a reward) Weakend inanimate objects. particular situation. (negative- punishment) 2. LAW OF EXERCISE – often Realism -Believing repeated that psychological  LESSON 4: SOCIO- Elements within this CULTURAL THEORY OF Bronfenbrenner’s Bioecological system can be either DEVELOPMENT Model: Structure of Environment external, such as the timing of a parent’s THEORY LEV VYGOTSKY Microsystem- It is the death (1978), -SOCIOCULTURAL layer closest to the child. As children get older, child’s or novice’s the child has direct they may react thinking is influenced by contact with the differently to relationships with others immediate environment environmental change who are more capable, like the interaction knowledgeable, or expert than the learner. Mesosystem. This layer provides the connection Social Interaction – between the structures first on the social level or of the child’s between people microsystem. (inter psychological address the basic needs level) of the child. inside the child (intra - not all the time parents psychological level). are experts to everything; so, they need Zone of Actual Development to connect to other (ZAD). It is when a child attempts experts or professionals to perform a skill alone who can be trusted for the holistic development More Knowledgeable Others of the child. (MKO). It is the competent adult or more advanced peer who will Exosystem. This layer guide, assist, and help a certain refers to the bigger social child (w/ ZAD) to perform at system in which the child higher level of competency. does not function directly impact the child’s Scaffolding. The support or development by assistance that lets the child interacting with Parent accomplish a task he cannot workplace and schedules accomplish independently. or community-based family resources. Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). It is the difference Macrosystem. This layer between what the child can may be considered the accomplish alone and what a outermost layer in the child can accomplish with the child’s environment. guidance of another comprised of cultural values, customs, and MKO SCAFFOLDS laws. 1st Level: I do, you watch 2nd Level: I do, you help Chronosystem. This 3rd Level: You do, I help system encompasses the 4th Level: You do, I watch dimension of time as it relates to a child’s LESSON 5: BIOECOLOGICAL environments. MODEL THEORY OF DEVELOPMENT