Acute Inflammation Relevant PDF

the five cardinal signs of inflammation rubor-redness tumor-swelling calor-heat dolor-pain loss of function (functio laesa) how do leukocytes adhere to the endothelium? blood flow slows wall shear stress decreases this allows leukocytes to assume a more peripheral position...

the five cardinal signs of inflammation rubor-redness tumor-swelling calor-heat dolor-pain loss of function (functio laesa) how do leukocytes adhere to the endothelium? blood flow slows wall shear stress decreases this allows leukocytes to assume a more peripheral position this entire process is called margination = i.e. neutrophils adhering to and aligning to vessels the cells bind and detach = this is called a rolling Pantos, Ioannis & Georgios, Patatoukas & Efstathopoulos, the cells eventually adhere by complimentary Efstathios & Katritsis, Demosthenes. (2007). In vivo wall shear stress measurements using phase-contrast adhesion molecules MRI. Expert review of cardiovascular therapy. 5. 927-38. 10.1586/14779072.5.5.927. chemotaxis after crossing the endothelium, leukocytes pass through the basement membrane and enter the extravascular tissue the cells make their way to the agent by following a chemotactic gradient chemotaxis: continued the process of leukocytes exiting the circulation and moving towards the site of tissue injury is called chemotaxis. bacterial products are chemotactic. endogenous examples include cytokines. the type of leukocytes that infiltrate depends on the type of stimulus and the age of the inflammatory response. acute inflammation is dominated by neutrophils. in contrast… viral infections: lymphocytes are the first cell hypersensitivity reactions: lymphocytes and plasma cells predominate allergic reactions: eosinophils are the main cell type. ON EXAM Eosinophils are a type of white blood cell and a part of the body’s innate immune system. Eosinophils protect us from allergens and infections, like parasites. Allergy, hives, parasites, autoimmune, medication effect, etc. = eosinophils acute inflammation- some definitions of the major morphologic patterns serous inflammation fibrinous inflammation suppurative inflammation abscess ulcers serous inflammation this is cell poor fluid into spaces early stages of acute inflammation a skin burn results in a blister and accumulation of serous fluid- as an example burns fibrinous inflammation with increased vascular permeability, larger molecules can then seep throughAlongwiththeserousedema a fibrinous exudate develops when the vascular leaks are large meningitis and pericarditis are examples fibrinous exudates are usually dissolved and cleared by macrophages. fibrinous inflammation if these are not removed, it stimulates the growth of fibroblasts and blood vessels leading to scarring, known as organization. fibrinous pericarditis as an example Exam Question It is the most common inflammatory fibrous Pericarditis response in acute pericarditis purulent inflammation Purulent Pus this is characterized by pus pus is an exudate with neutrophils and necrotic debris and fluid purulent and suppurative inflammation are the same the most common cause is bacteria a common example would be acute appendicitis TanJellylike fatis normal what are abscesses? abscesses are localized collections of purulent inflammatory tissue that is confined to a space PUS the central portion is necrosis. dead at the periphery there is a zone of preserved neutrophils and fibroblast. Systemic effect might include LEUKOCYTOSIS Possible Rememberthis complication of puritatmation Post A complication of acute bacterial pneumonia what are ulcers? a local defect of the surface of an organ or tissue due to the sloughing of inflamed necrotic tissue. ulcers occur when there is tissue necrosis. a classic example of peptic ulcer disease. The usual fate of neutrophils: apoptosis morphologic features of chronic inflammation mononuclear cells such as macrophages, lymphocytes and plasma cells predominate lymphocytes (T cells specifically) secrete interferon gamma to activate macrophages interferon gamma is a cytokine (mediator of inflammation) tissue destruction ensues healing by way of fibrosis Mast cells Mast cells come on the scene during: insect bites medication/drug effect allergies reactions  Pregnancyloss infertility Ruleout infection first Granulesare super powerful Aren't dealingwithgranulomatous disease you're good Maybe them a biologic that can helpyou