Bio PDF

Here's a memory aid for each section, breaking them down into categories and creating mnemonics to make it easier to remember each concept. I've numbered the cards from 1 to 70 based on your list. Taxonomy System Mnemonics (1-2) 1. Order of Taxonomy System ○ "Do Keep Pond Cle...

Here's a memory aid for each section, breaking them down into categories and creating mnemonics to make it easier to remember each concept. I've numbered the cards from 1 to 70 based on your list. Taxonomy System Mnemonics (1-2) 1. Order of Taxonomy System ○ "Do Keep Pond Clean Or Fish Get Sick" (Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, Species) 2. Alternative Mnemonic for Taxonomy ○ "Damn King Philip Come Out For Good Sex" Phyla and Characteristics (3-15) 3. Types of Symmetry for Phyla ○ "ARB" for Asymmetrical, Radial, Bilateral 4. Phylum Porifera (Sponges) ○ Remember "P-Porifera, P-for Pores," these are porous and sessile organisms. 5. Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Sea Anemones) ○ "C-Cnidaria for Circular Symmetry" (Radial) with a nerve net. 6. Phylum Platyhelminthes (Flatworms) ○ "Flatty-helminthes" — flatworms are flattened. 7. Definition of a Parasite ○ A parasite “pairs” with a host and negatively impacts it. 8. Parasite Tissue Layers (Ectoderm, Endoderm, Mesoderm) ○ "EME" – Ectoderm (External), Endoderm (Internal), Mesoderm (Muscle). 9. Phylum Nematoda (Roundworms) ○ Think "N" for Nematoda and Noodles (round, cylindrical).  10. Phylum Mollusca (Soft-Bodied, Hard-Shelled) ○ "M for Mollusca, M for Muscular Foot." 11. Class Gastropoda (Snails and Slugs) ○ Think "G-Gastropoda for Ground and Gooey" – they are land and aquatic. 12. Class Bivalvia (Clams, Oysters) ○ "Bi" for two shells. 13. Class Cephalopoda (Octopus, Squid) ○ "C for Cephalopoda, C for Clever" – they are intelligent, with big eyes. 14. Phylum Annelida (Segmented Worms) ○ Annelida – like a chain with rings (segments). 15. Phylum Arthropoda (Exoskeleton, Segmented) ○ "A for Arthropoda, A for Armor" – hard exoskeleton and light for flight. Plant Structures and Functions (16-34) 16. Xylem ○ "X for Xylem, X for eXtracts water and nutrients upward." 17. Phloem ○ "P for Phloem, P for Pushes Products" from photosynthesis in two directions. 18. Gymnosperm (Naked Seeds) ○ "G-Gymnosperm – Gymn for bare/naked seeds." 19. Angiosperm (Flowering Plants) ○ "A for Angiosperm, A for Apple and other fruits." 20. Roots ○ "Roots Root the plant" (anchor it in soil). 21. Taproot ○ Think "Tall Taproot" for one long central root. 22. Fibrous Roots  ○ "Feathery Fibrous" roots spread out to absorb nutrients. 23. Leaves ○ Leaves leave oxygen out and photosynthesize. 24. Top Leaf Coating ○ Think of waxed leaf as water-saving armor. 25. Palisades Cell (Under Leaf Surface) ○ Think of palisades as a layer of guards below the leaf surface. 26. Stoma (Chlorophyll and Chloroplast) ○ Stoma sounds like "store-ma" – stores chlorophyll for photosynthesis. 27. Guard Cell ○ Think of "Guards" that open and close for water and gas exchange. Leaf Structure (28-33) 28. Top Leaf ○ Leaf surface to prevent water loss. 29. Palisade Cell ○ Packed with chloroplasts under the top layer. 30. Xylem ○ Water-carrying tube. 31. Phloem ○ Food-carrying tube. 32. Stoma ○ Tiny pores for gas exchange. 33. Guard Cell ○ Controls stoma. Photosynthesis and Flower Parts (34-45) 34. Photosynthesis Formula ○ 6CO₂ + 6H₂O = C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ (Reactants and Products of Photosynthesis). 35-45. Flower Structure Stigma (Sticky Tip), Style (Connects Stigma to Ovary), Ovary (Contains Ovules), Carpel (Female Reproductive), Petal (Attracts Pollinators), Stamen (Male Reproductive), Anther (Produces Pollen), Filament (Holds Anther), Ovule (Develops into Seed), Receptacle (Flower Base), Sepal (Protects Bud). Animal Domestication (46-54) 46. Animal Domestication ○ Species bred for human utility. 47. Taming ○ Training animals captured from the wild. 48. Traits of Domesticated Animals (Diet, Temperament, etc.) ○ D, T, N, S, F, C – Diet, Temperament, No panic, Social, Fast growth, Captive breeding. Cells and Organelles (55-64) 55. Cell ○ Basic building block of life. 56. Cell Membrane ○ Protective bilayer. 57. Phospholipid Bilayer  ○ Hydrophilic heads, hydrophobic tails, selective permeability. 58. Nuclear Membrane ○ Double lipid layer surrounding DNA. 59. Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) ○ "ER = Export and Rough and Smooth" for protein and lipid production. 60. Golgi Apparatus ○ Packages and ships proteins. 61. Mitochondria ○ Powerhouse of the cell, produces ATP. 62. MtDNA Importance ○ Mitochondrial Eve for maternal inheritance. Brain and Neuron Functions (63-70) 63. Brain ○ Central coordination center. 64. Brain Functions ○ Input, Integration, Output. 65-67. Brain Functions Continued - Input (Detection), Integration (Decision Making), Output (Motor Response). 68. Neuron Cells ○ Neurons for integration. 69. Dendrites ○ One per neuron, receives signals. 70. Synapse ○ Junction where neurons communicate with each other. With these mnemonics and breakdowns, each group should be more memorable! You can also review by grouping cards in smaller chunks to focus on certain categories at a time.