Technology in Action - Chapter 1 PDF

Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 2...

Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 1 The Impact of Technology in a Changing World Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 1.1 Describe various technological tools being used to impact national and global issues. 1.2 Describe various global social issues that are being affected by technology. 1.3 Describe how technology is changing how and why we connect and collaborate with others. 1.4 Summarize how technology has impacted the way we choose and consume products and services. 1.5 Characterize computer literacy and explain why it is important to be computer literate. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 1.6 Describe artificial intelligence systems and explain their main goals. 1.7 Describe how artificial intelligence and other information technologies are important in many careers. 1.8 Define ethics and describe various ethical systems. 1.9 Describe influences on the development of your personal ethics. 1.10 Present examples of how technology creates ethical challenges. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in a Global Society (Objective 1.1) Accelerating change around the world Galvanizing people in new ways Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in a Global Society Impact of Tools of Modern Technology (Objective 1.1) Social networking tools enable groups to connect and exchange ideas Crisis-mapping tools collect and map information Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in a Global Society Global Issues (1 of 3) (Objective 1.2) Health care –Develop and deliver vaccines –Increased vaccine production –Computer programs help to design new helmets The Environment –Data could alert scientists to new trends Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in a Global Society Global Issues (2 of 3) (Objective 1.2) The Digital Divide –Gap exists between levels of Internet access and availability of technical tools –Prevents use of all minds to solve planet’s problems Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (1 of 2) (Objective 1.3) We collaborate for the benefit of others –Web 2.0 ▪ Allows easy content contribution ▪ Facilitates easy connections with others –Cognitive Surplus ▪ Combination of leisure time and tools to be creative Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How and Why We Connect and Collaborate (2 of 2) (Objective 1.3) Business –Support others’ dreams –Crowdfunding is asking for small donations from a large number of people Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How We Consume (1 of 2) (Objective 1.4) Marketing technology helps us to: –Decide what to purchase –Actually buy goods and services Marketing –QR (quick response) codes –Crowdsourcing Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology Connects Us with Others Technology Impacts How We Consume (2 of 2) (Objective 1.4) Access Versus Ownership –ZipCar –Citi Bike –Collaborative consumption Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Importance of Computer Literacy Computer Literacy (Objective 1.5) Computer literacy –Understand capabilities and limitations of computers –Know how to use safely and efficiently Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Basics (1 of 3) (Objective 1.6) Intelligence—ability to acquire and apply knowledge and skills –Experiences, reasoning, problem solving, perception, and using language Artificial intelligence (AI)—systems or machines which perform tasks usually associated with human intelligence Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Basics (2 of 3) (Objective 1.6) Goal in 1950s was to create a machine that could think like a human Central goals of AI –Natural language processing (NLP) –Perception –Knowledge representation –Planning –Problem solving –Learning Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence Basics (3 of 3) (Objective 1.6) Major developments contributing to functional AI systems –Expert systems –Artificial neural networks –Advances in machine learning Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (1 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Retail –Data mining ▪Process of searching huge amounts of data for patterns ▪Respond to consumer buying/usage patterns Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (2 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Banking –Uses AI to help spot fraud Transportation –Autopilots on commercial airplanes –Autonomous vehicles Robots and Embodied Agents Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (3 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Education –Intelligent personal assistants (IPAs) assist students with their individualized learning plans –Speed up the grading process –Plagiarism checkers Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (4 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Law Enforcement –Computers used in cars –Facial reconstruction –Computer forensics Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (5 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Medicine –Help doctors diagnose unfamiliar conditions –Being integrated into patient information systems –Used to design and construct prosthetic devices Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Working with Artificial Intelligence and Other Information Technologies Technology and Career Opportunities (6 of 6) (Objective 1.7) Psychology –MACH—My Automated Conversation CoacH –Affective computing Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Ethical Computing Defining Ethics (Objective 1.8) Ethics: the study of morals and specific moral choices made Laws: formal, written standards designed to apply to everyone Unethical behavior: not conforming to approved standards Amoral behavior: no sense of right and wrong Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Ethical Computing Personal Ethics (Objective 1.9) Determining Your Personal Ethics –Describe yourself –List key principles you believe in –Identify external influences –Consider why –Prepare statement of values Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Ethical Computing Ethics and Technology (1 of 3) (Objective 1.10) Intellectual Property –Work that is the result of someone’s creativity and knowledge –Protected by copyrights, patents, and trademarks Privacy –Control and privacy of information will continue to be a fine balancing act Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Ethical Computing Ethics and Technology (2 of 3) (Objective 1.10) Social Justice –Predictive policing to prevent crime –Military and government secrets and previously secret documents (WikiLeaks) Liability –3D printing can lead to quality control issues Censorship –Global differences in website blocking Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Ethical Computing Ethics and Technology (3 of 3) (Objective 1.10) Social Activism –Hacktivism is using computers and computer networks in a subversive way –Often manifests as denial of service attacks Automated Robotic Machinery –Self-driving cars –Choose between sets of bad choices Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 2 Looking at Computers: Understanding the Parts Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 3) 2.1 Describe the four main functions of a computer system and how they interact with data and information. 2.2 Define bits and bytes, and describe how they are measured, used, and processed. 2.3 List common types of computers, and discuss their main features. 2.4 Identify the main types of keyboards and touch screens. 2.5 Describe the main types of mice and pointing devices. 2.6 Explain how images, sounds, and sensor data are input into computing devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 3) 2.7 Describe options for outputting images and audio from computing devices. 2.8 Describe various types of printers, and explain when you would use them. 2.9 Describe the functions of the motherboard and RAM. 2.10 Explain the main functions of the CPU. 2.11 Describe the various means of storing data and information with computing devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (3 of 3) 2.12 Describe common types of ports used today. 2.13 Describe how to manage power consumption on computing devices. 2.14 Define ergonomics, and discuss the ideal physical setup for using computing devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding Your Computer Computers are Data Processing Devices (Objective 2.1) Computer performs four major functions 1. Input: Gathers data, allows entering data 2. Process: Manipulates, calculates, or organizes data 3. Output: Displays data and information 4. Storage: Saves data and information Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding Your Computer Binary: The Language of Computers (Objective 2.2) Bit –Binary digit –0 or 1 Byte –Unique combinations of 8 bits of 0s and 1s Kilobytes, megabytes, gigabytes, terabytes, and petabytes Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding Your Computer Types of Computers (Objective 2.3) Cell phones Tablets Laptops and their variants Stationary computers Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Input Devices Physical Keyboards and Touch Screens (Objective 2.4) Used to enter data and instructions Examples –Keyboard –Touch screen –Stylus –Virtual keyboard Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Input Devices Mice and Other Pointing Devices (Objective 2.5) Mouse Touch pad (trackpad) Game controllers Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Input Devices Image, Sound, and Sensor Input (Objective 2.6) Popular for images –Digital cameras –Camcorders –Mobil device cameras –Flatbed scanners –Webcams Popular for sound –Microphone with voice recognition software Sensors Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Output Devices Image and Audio Output (1 of 3) (Objective 2.7) Send data out of the computer in the form of: –Text –Pictures –Sounds –Video Examples –Monitors –Printers –Speakers and headphones/earbuds Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Output Devices Image and Audio Output (2 of 3) (Objective 2.7) Types of display screens –Liquid crystal display (LCD) –Light-emitting diode (LED) –Organic light-emitting diode (OLED) How they work –Pixels –Aspect ratio –Resolution Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Output Devices Image and Audio Output (3 of 3) (Objective 2.7) Speaker –Output device for sound –Surround-sound speakers –Wireless speaker systems Headphones or earbuds –Hearing might be damaged by excessive volume when using earbuds Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Output Devices Printers (1 of 2) (Objective 2.8) Inkjet –Affordable –High-quality color –Quick and quiet Laser –Faster printing speed –Higher-quality printouts –More expensive Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Output Devices Printers (2 of 2) (Objective 2.8) Cloud-ready printers All-in-one printer –Printer, scanner, copier, and fax Large format printer –Prints oversize images 3D printer Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard The Motherboard and Memory (Objective 2.9) Motherboard –CPU –ROM, RAM, and cache –Slots for expansion cards –Sound/video cards –Network interface card (NIC) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing (1 of 2) (Objective 2.10) Central processing unit (CPU) or processor –“Brains” of the computer –Controls all functions of the computer’s components –Processes all commands and instructions –Gigahertz (billions of tasks per second) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Processing and Memory on the Motherboard Processing (2 of 2) (Objective 2.10) CPU performance measures –Processor speed measured in hertz (Hz) ▪Gigahertz (GHz) –Number of cores ▪Single ▪Dual ▪Quad ▪Ten Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Storing Data and Information Storage Options on Computing Devices (1 of 3) (Objective 2.11) Local storage devices –Hard disk drive ▪Primary storage device ▪Nonvolatile storage ▪Internal drive ▪External hard drive –Solid-state drive (SSD) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Storing Data and Information Storage Options on Computing Devices (2 of 3) (Objective 2.11) Portable storage options –Flash drive –Flash memory card Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Storing Data and Information Storage Options on Computing Devices (3 of 3) (Objective 2.11) Cloud storage –Files stored on the Internet –Some amount is free –Can purchase additional storage Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Connecting Peripherals to the Computer Ports (Objective 2.12) Thunderbolt –Transfer speeds up to 40 Gbps Universal serial bus (USB) port –Transfer speeds of 10 Gbps Connectivity port –Ethernet port –Up to 10,000 Mbps HDMI port Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Power Management and Ergonomics Power Controls and Power Management (Objective 2.13) Battery drain Power supply Sleep mode Warm/cold boot Hibernate Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Power Management and Ergonomics Setting It All Up: Ergonomics (1 of 2) (Objective 2.14) Ergonomics Guidelines –Monitor position –Adjustable chair –Proper typing position –Breaks –Adequate lighting Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Power Management and Ergonomics Setting It All Up: Ergonomics (Objective 2.14) Assistive (adaptive) technologies –Voice recognition or special keyboards for visually impaired –Special trackballs for users with motor control issues Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 3 Using the Internet: Making the Most of the Web’s Resources Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 3) 3.1 Describe how the Internet got its start. 3.2 Explain how data travels on the Internet. 3.3 Evaluate the tools and technologies used to collaborate on the web. 3.4 Summarize the technologies used to communicate over the web. 3.5 Describe how business is conducted using the Internet. 3.6 Summarize precautions you should take when doing business online. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 3) 3.7 Explain what web browsers are and describe their common features. 3.8 Explain what a URL is and discuss its main parts. 3.9 Describe tools used to navigate the web. 3.10 Describe the types of tools used to search the web, and summarize strategies used to refine search results. 3.11 Describe how to evaluate a website to ensure it is appropriate to use for research purposes. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (3 of 3) 3.12 Demonstrate an understanding of the ethical issues regarding digital activism. 3.13 Demonstrate an understanding of the ethical issues regarding location tracking applications and devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Internet and How It Works The Origin of the Internet (Objective 3.1) The Internet is a network of networks Established a secure form of communications Created a means of communication for all computers Advanced Research Projects Agency Network (ARPANET) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works (1 of 2) (Objective 3.2) Client/server network –Client asks for data –Server receives request and returns data –Internet backbone Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Internet and How it Works How the Internet Works (2 of 2) (Objective 3.2) Internet Protocol (IP) address –How computers identify each other –Websites have unique IP addresses –Text versions of IP addresses Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Collaborating and Communicating on the Web Collaborating with Web Technologies (1 of 3) (Objective 3.3) Web 2.0 –Social media Social networking –Sites ▪Facebook ▪LinkedIn –Privacy precautions Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Collaborating and Communicating on the Web Collaborating with Web Technologies (2 of 3) (Objective 3.3) Project collaboration and file sharing tools –Wikis: collaborative web-based documents –Project management tools Blogs –Blog (weblog) –Video log (vlog) –Create your own blog –Problems with blogs –Microblogs Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Collaborating and Communicating on the Web Collaborating with Web Technologies (3 of 3) (Objective 3.3) Podcasts –Audio/video files delivered via RSS –RSS: Really Simple Syndication –Aggregator Webcasts –Broadcast of audio or video content over the Internet Media sharing platforms –YouTube, Flickr, Instagram, Sound Cloud Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Collaborating and Communicating on the Web Communicating over the Web (1 of 2) (Objective 3.4) E-mail –Primary means of communication –Written message sent or received –Asynchronous –Convenient –Not private –Etiquette Web-based e-mail Desktop client Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Collaborating and Communicating on the Web Communicating over the Web (2 of 2) (Objective 3.4) Communicate in real time –Texting –Instant messaging –VoIP Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Conducting Business on the Web Conducting Business Online (1 of 2) (Objective 3.5) Types of e-commerce business models –Business-to-consumer (B2C) –Business-to-business (B2B) –Consumer-to-consumer (C2C) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Conducting Business on the Web Conducting Business Online (2 of 2) (Objective 3.5) Additional types of e-commerce –Social commerce –Mobile commerce or m-commerce Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Conducting Business on the Web E-Commerce Safeguards (Objective 3.6) Guidelines to make shopping safer –Check for secure website ▪Secure sockets layer protocol –Use well-known, reputable sites –Pay by credit card, not debit card –Check return policy –Avoid using public computers Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Accessing and Moving Around the Web Web Browsers (Objective 3.7) Web browsers Graphical browsers Features Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Accessing and Moving Around the Web URLs, Protocols, and Domain Names (Objective 3.8) Every website has a unique address URLs are composed of parts to identify the web document Protocols –Hypertext Transfer Protocol –File Transfer Protocol Domain name –Top-level domain Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Accessing and Moving Around the Web Navigating the Web (Objective 3.9) Hyperlinks Breadcrumb trail Bookmarks/Favorites History Tagging/social bookmarking Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines (1 of 2) (Objective 3.10) Search engine –Keywords –Spider –Indexer –Search engine software Specialized search engine Metasearch engine Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Searching the Web Effectively Using Search Engines (2 of 2) (Objective 3.10) Obtaining better search results –Use Boolean operators –Search for a phrase –Search within a website –Use a wild card Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Searching the Web Effectively Evaluating Websites (Objective 3.11) Internet resource considerations –Authority –Bias –Relevance –Audience –Links Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Using the Web Ethically Digital Activism (Objective 3.12) Digital activism –Raise awareness about specific issues ▪#IceBucketChallenge ▪#MeToo Ethical question: Is digital activism effective or does it foster a false sense of involvement? Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Using the Web Ethically Geolocation (Objective 3.13) Smartphones have a GPS chip Geolocation—targets consumers by their location –Used by third party advertising networks –Can be a violation of privacy rights –No specific laws yet to address privacy issues Ethical question: Are geolocation devices a threat to privacy? Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 4 Application Software: Programs That Let You Work and Play Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 3) 4.1 Compare application software and system software. 4.2 Explain the differences between commercial software and open source software, and describe models for software distribution. 4.3 Explain the different options for purchasing software. 4.4 Describe how to install and uninstall software. 4.5 Explain the considerations around the decision to upgrade your software. 4.6 Explain how software licenses function. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 3) 4.7 Categorize the types of application software used to enhance productivity and describe their uses and features. 4.8 Summarize the types of software that large and small businesses use. 4.9 Describe the uses and features of digital multimedia software. 4.10 Describe the uses and features of digital audio software. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (3 of 3) 4.11 Describe the features of app creation software. 4.12 Categorize educational and reference software and explain their features. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Software Basics Application vs. System Software (Objective 4.1) Software—set of instructions that tells the computer what to do Two basic types of software –Application software –System software Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Software Basics Distributing Software (Objective 4.2) Ways software is created –Proprietary (commercial) –Open source (free) Ways software is distributed –Local installation –Software as a Service (SaaS) –Subscription Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Managing Your Software Purchasing Software (Objective 4.3) DVD from brick and mortar store Downloading from the Internet (as purchase or subscription) Student discounts Freeware Beta version Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Managing Your Software Installing and Uninstalling Software (Objective 4.4) System requirements Restore point Full installation Custom installation Recovering from a computer crash Uninstalling software Recovery drive Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Managing Your Software Upgrading Software (Objective 4.5) Upgrades/updates not needed for subscriptions or SaaS Is it cost effective? Between upgrades are software updates or patches Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Managing Your Software Software Licenses (Objective 4.6) End User License Agreement (EULA) States the following: –Ultimate owner –Copies allowed –# of installations allowed –Warranties Copyleft Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (1 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Lets you perform various tasks required at home, school, and business –Proprietary—Microsoft Office and Apple iWork –Open source—LibreOffice –Web-based—Microsoft Office Online, Google Docs, Zoho, and ThinkFree Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (2 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Word processing—creates and edits documents –Research papers –Class notes –Résumés Program examples –Word –Writer Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (3 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Spreadsheet—performs calculations and numerical analyses Data types –Text –Values and dates –Formulas –Functions Examples –Microsoft Excel –LibreOffice Calc Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (4 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Presentation software –Tips for designing good presentations ▪Use images ▪Be careful with color ▪Use bullets for key points ▪Consider font size and style ▪Minimize animation and background audio Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (5 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Database software—stores and organizes data –Organization ▪Fields ▪Records ▪Tables Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (6 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Note-taking software –OneNote –Evernote Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (7 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Personal information manager (PIM) –Manages e-mail, contacts, calendars, and tasks –Outlook –Web-based PIMs ▪Yahoo! ▪Google –Other options ▪Toodledo ▪OmniFocus Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (8 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Productivity software features –A wizard walks through the steps necessary to complete a task –A template is a predesigned form –A macro is a small program that groups a series of commands Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Productivity Software (9 of 9) (Objective 4.7) Personal financial software—manages daily finances –Electronic checkbook registers –Automatic bill payment tools –Tax preparation software ▪Intuit TurboTax ▪H&R Block Tax Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Business Software (1 of 2) (Objective 4.8) Small business software –Accounting software ▪Track accounts receivable and payable ▪Inventory management, payroll, and billing –Desktop publishing (DTP) software ▪Design books and publications –Web authoring software ▪Design web pages Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Productivity and Business Software Business Software (2 of 2) (Objective 4.8) Software for large and specialized businesses –Vertical market software is designed for a specific industry –Computer-aided design (CAD) programs create automated designs, technical drawings, and 3D model visualizations –Home or landscape planning Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software Digital Multimedia Software (1 of 3) (Objective 4.9) Multimedia software –Includes digital image, video-editing, and digital audio software –Used to produce computer games, animations, and movies Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software Digital Multimedia Software (2 of 3) (Objective 4.9) Multimedia software –Image-editing software used to edit photos –Video-editing software used to refine videos Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software Digital Multimedia Software (3 of 3) (Objective 4.9) Multimedia software –Drawing software lets you create ▪Two-dimensional, line-based drawings ▪Technical diagrams ▪Animations –Professional-level ▪Adobe Illustrator Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software Digital Audio Software (Objective 4.10) Digital audio files Downloaded music files, audiobooks, or podcasts –Compressed: MP3, AAC, WMA –Uncompressed: WAV, AIFF Digital audio workstation software (DAWs) Audio-editing software Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software App Creation Software (Objective 4.11) App creation software—programming environments that produce apps that run on mobile devices –App Inventor –Thunkable –Corona SDK –Unity –RPG Maker Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Multimedia and Educational Software Educational and Reference Software (Objective 4.12) Educational and reference software examples –Test preparation –Simulation –Trip planning –Home design/improvement –Course management –Genealogy Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 5 System Software: The Operating System, Utility Programs, and File Management Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 5.1 Discuss the functions of the operating system. 5.2 Explain the most popular operating systems for personal use. 5.3 Explain the different kinds of operating systems for machines, networks, and business. 5.4 Explain how the operating system provides a means for users to interact with the computer. 5.5 Explain how the operating system helps manage hardware such as the processor, memory, storage, and peripheral devices. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 5.6 Explain how the operating system interacts with application software. 5.7 Discuss the process the operating system uses to start up the computer and how errors in the boot process are handled. 5.8 Describe the main features of the Windows interface. 5.9 Summarize how the operating system helps keep your computer organized and manages files and folders. 5.10 Outline the tools used to enhance system productivity, back up files, and provide accessibility. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Operating System Fundamentals Operating System Basics (1 of 2) (Objective 5.1) System basics –Operating system (OS) –Utility programs Operating system functions –Manages computer’s hardware –Allows application software to work with CPU –Manage, schedule, coordinate tasks Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Operating System Fundamentals Operating System Basics (2 of 2) (Objective 5.1) User interface –How user interacts with computer –Desktop, icons, and menus OS categories –Single- or multi-user –Single- or multi-task Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (1 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (2 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Top three for personal computers –Windows –macOS –Linux Mobile OS –Android –iOS –Windows Web-based –Google Chrome OS Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Personal Use (3 of 3) (Objective 5.2) Linux –Open source –Personal computers –Web servers –Distributions (distros) Platform Upgrade OS decision Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, and Business (1 of 2) (Objective 5.3) Real-time OS (RTOS) –Machine that performs repetitive series of specific tasks in precise time Multiuser operating system –Known as network OS –Allows multiple users access to the computer at the same time –Unix Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Understanding System Software Operating Systems for Machinery, Networks, and Business (2 of 2) (Objective 5.3) OS—coordinates and directs the flow of data and information Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does The User Interface (Objective 5.4) Enables user to interact with the computer Types of interfaces –Command-driven interface –Menu-driven interface –Graphical user interface (GUI) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (1 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Event Interrupt handler Preemptive multitasking Spooler Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (2 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Memory and storage management –RAM—limited capacity –Borrowing drive space is called virtual memory –Increase RAM to avoid using virtual memory –Swap file ▪Paging ▪Thrashing Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Hardware Coordination (3 of 3) (Objective 5.5) Hardware and peripheral device management –Device driver –Plug and Play (PnP) –Roll Back Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. What the Operating System Does Software Application Coordination (Objective 5.6) Application programming interface (API) –Blocks of code the CPU recognizes –Used for similar procedures –Example: Microsoft Direct X Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (1 of 3) (Objective 5.7) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (2 of 3) (Objective 5.7) Step 1: Activating BIOS –Manages the exchange of data between the OS and the input and output devices –BIOS is also responsible for loading the OS into RAM Step 2: Performing the Power-On Self-Test –Ensures that essential peripheral devices are attached and operational Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Starting Your Computer The Boot Process (3 of 3) (Objective 5.7) Step 3: Loading the OS –System files loaded into RAM –Kernel, essential component of the OS, is then loaded Step 4: Checking Further Configurations and Customizations –Registry contains configurations used by the OS and applications Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface Using Windows 10 (1 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Desktop –Primary working area Taskbar –Displays open and favorite applications for easy access Start menu –Provides access to all applications and apps installed on your device Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface Using Windows 10 (2 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Pinning –Choosing which applications are tiles on the Start menu Virtual desktops –Allow you to organize groups of windows into different displays Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface User Interfaces for Other OSs (1 of 2) (Objective 5.8) macOS and Windows –Not compatible with each other –Similar in functionality Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. The Windows Interface User Interfaces for Other OSs (2 of 2) (Objective 5.8) Linux –Most interfaces are based on familiar Windows and macOS paradigms Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (1 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Directory –Hierarchical structure of the computer’s contents ▪Drives ▪Libraries ▪Folders ▪Subfolders ▪Files –Root directory (C:) ▪Top of the filing structure Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (2 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File –Collection of program instructions or data –Treated as a single unit –Stored on permanent storage device Folder—collection of files Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (3 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File path –Windows—backslash \ –Linux—forward slash / –macOS—colon: Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (4 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File Explorer –Main tool for finding, viewing, and managing computer contents –Shows the location and contents of every drive, folder, and file Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (5 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (6 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Naming files –File name –Extension (file type) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (7 of 8) (Objective 5.9) Copying, moving, and deleting files –Open –Copy –Cut –Rename –Delete –Recycle bin Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. File Management Organizing Your Files (8 of 8) (Objective 5.9) File compression utility –Make a large file more compact –Easier and faster to send files –Built-in file compression Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (1 of 4) (Objective 5.10) Utility programs –Incorporated into the operating system ▪Firewall and file-compression utilities –Standalone utility programs ▪Antivirus and security programs ▪Freeware Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (2 of 4) (Objective 5.10) System performance utilities –Disk Cleanup –Task Manager –Disk Defragmenter Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (3 of 4) (Objective 5.10) File and system backup utilities –File History –System Restore Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Utility Programs Windows Administrative Utilities (4 of 4) (Objective 5.10) Accessibility utilities –Designed for users with special needs Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Technology in Action 16th Edition, Global Edition Chapter 6 Understanding and Assessing Hardware: Evaluating Your System Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (1 of 2) 6.1 Describe the changes in CPU performance over the past several decades. 6.2 Compare and contrast a variety of computing devices. 6.3 Describe how a CPU is designed and how it operates. 6.4 Describe tools used to measure and evaluate CPU performance. 6.5 Discuss how RAM is used in a computer system. 6.6 Evaluate whether adding RAM to a system is desirable. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Learning Objectives (2 of 2) 6.7 Classify and describe the major types of nonvolatile storage drives. 6.8 Evaluate the amount and type of storage needed for a system. 6.9 Describe the features of video cards. 6.10 Describe the features of sound cards. 6.11 Describe steps you can take to optimize your system’s reliability. 6.12 Discuss how to recycle, donate, or dispose of an older computer. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Your Ideal Computing Device Moore’s Law (Objective 6.1) New technologies emerge quickly Things to consider –Speed –Moore’s Law –System components ▪DRAM ▪Hard drive Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Your Ideal Computing Device Selecting a Computing Device (Objective 6.2) Large number of choices –Smartphones –Tablets –Ultrabooks –2-in-1s –Laptops –Desktops Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (1 of 6) (Objective 6.3) The CPU –Located on motherboard –Processes instructions –Performs calculations –Manages the flow of information –Intel and AMD processors Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (2 of 6) (Objective 6.3) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (3 of 6) (Objective 6.3) Machine cycle –Fetch –Decode –Execute –Store Two units –Control unit –Arithmetic logic unit (ALU) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (4 of 6) (Objective 6.3) CPU’s processing power –Clock speed –Overclocking –Cores –Parallel processing –Cache memory Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (5 of 6) (Objective 6.3) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem How the CPU Works (6 of 6) (Objective 6.3) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the CPU Subsystem Measuring CPU Performance (Objective 6.4) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Memory Subsystem Random Access Memory (1 of 4) (Objective 6.5) Random access memory (RAM) –Short-term memory storage –Volatile storage Read-only memory (ROM) –Critical startup instructions –Nonvolatile storage Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Memory Subsystem Random Access Memory (2 of 4) (Objective 6.5) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Memory Subsystem Random Access Memory (3 of 4) (Objective 6.5) Types of RAM –Double data rate 3 (DDR3) –Double data rate 4 (DDR4) –Double data rate 5 (DDR5) Memory modules Dual inline memory modules (DIMMs) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Memory Subsystem Random Access Memory (4 of 4) (Objective 6.5) SuperFetch –Preloads often used programs into system memory Resource monitor –Displays how computer resources are being used Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Memory Subsystem Adding RAM (Objective 6.6) Limited to motherboard’s capacity Easy to install Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Storage Subsystem Types of Storage Drives (1 of 2) (Objective 6.7) Mechanical hard drives –Coated platters stacked on a spindle –Data saved as pattern of magnetized spots of 1s and 0s –Access time is the time it takes to find the data and make it available Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Storage Subsystem Types of Storage Drives (2 of 2) (Objective 6.7) Solid state drives –Fast access times –Generate little heat –Run with no noise –Require little power Solid state hybrid drives Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Storage Subsystem Storage Needs (1 of 3) (Objective 6.8) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Storage Subsystem Storage Needs (2 of 3) (Objective 6.8) Redundant array of independent disks (RAID) –RAID 0 –RAID 1 Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Storage Subsystem Storage Needs (3 of 3) (Objective 6.8) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Media Subsystems Video Cards (1 of 2) (Objective 6.9) Video display depends on two components –Video card –Monitor Ports –HDMI –DVI –DisplayPort adapter Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Media Subsystems Video Cards (2 of 2) (Objective 6.9) Video memory Screen Resolution –Found in Advanced Display Settings Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating the Media Subsystems Sound Cards (Objective 6.10) Speakers and a sound card 3D sound technology Surround sound Dolby Digital 7.1 MIDI interface Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating System Reliability and Moving on Maintaining System Reliability (1 of 2) (Objective 6.11) Reliability –Install antivirus program –Install spyware and adware –Clear out unnecessary files –Run Disk Defragmenter –Automate key utilities Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating System Reliability and Moving on Maintaining System Reliability (2 of 2) (Objective 6.11) System crashes –Try System Restore –Check amount of RAM –Investigate any error codes –Search with Google –Consider Windows Reset Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating System Reliability and Moving on Getting Rid of Your Old Computer (1 of 2) (Objective 6.12) Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Evaluating System Reliability and Moving on Getting Rid of Your Old Computer (2 of 2) (Objective 6.12) Benefits of maintaining two systems Environmental impact –Mercury –Cadmium Donate –Remove all data before donating Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd. Copyright All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Copyright © 2021 Pearson Education Ltd.