Medication Errors Types & Prevention PDF

# Types of Medication error | Medication Error Type | Type of Error Definition | Sub-category | |---|---|---| | Prescription | Interactions | Drug interactions | | | Drug choice problem | Inappropriate route or dose | | | | Inappropriate repeat of same family drug | | | | Contraindications | | |...

# Types of Medication error | Medication Error Type | Type of Error Definition | Sub-category | |---|---|---| | Prescription | Interactions | Drug interactions | | | Drug choice problem | Inappropriate route or dose | | | | Inappropriate repeat of same family drug | | | | Contraindications | | | | Lack of obvious indications | | | | No drug prescription despite existence of indication | | | Dosing problem | Low drug dose or frequency | | | | High drug dose or frequency | | | | Short treatment time | | | | Long treatment time (not able to follow due to short stay of patients at hospital | | Transcription / Administration | Drug use problem | Ordered drug not given (omission error) | | | | Given drug not ordered (unauthorized drug) | | | | Incorrect drug dilution | | | Others | Incorrect drug storage | ## Prescription parts see your lectures ## Objectives: * To estimate the types and prevalence of medication errors during transcription. ## Material and Methods * Review and the analysis of given prescription for determining the different types of errors in writing a prescription using joined sheet. ## Results and discussion (your Comment)?!! * Write your comment in given sheet ## General Conclusion: * There is a need to critically address the legibility of prescription, correct spelling of drugs, authorized abbreviations and all other informations of a prescription concerned with patient, prescriber and drugs to minimize the occurrence of medication errors. ## Points to remember * Keep good records of medications prescribed, dates written, length of treatment, concentration of medication and your diagnosis of the condition. * Explain specifically to the patient how to use the medication and why it should be used. * When possible, explain dosage, diagnosis and the reason for the treatment to the available caregiver of the patient (husband, parent, child, friend, nurse). * Give written instructions to the patient in the office when the dosage schedule is complicated, When multiple medications are prescribed and tapering of dosage is needed الجرعة المتناقصة written instructions are especially important to achieve compliance. * Illiteracy is the forgotten reason for noncompliance. If you suspect the patient cannot read or may not be able to understand written instructions, check for understanding by having the patient repeat the instructions verbally شفهيا after you have explained how to use the medication. If possible, explain the dosage and treatment plan to a family member. ## Refill data: * Provide the number of refills the patient should need to complete the cycle of drug treatment. Most antibiotic and steroid prescriptions need no refills or one refill. Glaucoma medications usually have three refills, which allows the patient enough medication for 3 to 6 months, depending on the size of the bottles dispensed ## Substitution permitted: * Marking "Yes" allows the pharmacist to substitute a generic form of the medication prescribed. Some health plans request that the generic drug be used to save money. When writing the drug names remember that generic names are not capitalized and brand names are capitalized: Pred Forte (Allergan) or prednisolone acetate 1%. ## Signature: * signature and degree finalize the legal document. A signature stamp can be used for noncontrolled substances. Prescriptions for controlled drugs require a handwritten signature and DEA number. * DEA number is a number assigned to a health care provider (such as a medical practitioner, pharmacist, dentist, or veterinarian) by the Drug Enforcement Administration إدارة مكافحة المخدرات allowing them to write prescriptions for controlled substances. ## Prescriptions Abbreviations | Abbreviation | Definition | Abbreviation | Definition | |---|---|---|---| | p.o. | orally | q.d. | once a day | | I.M. | intramuscularly | b.i.d. | twice a day | | Subq. | subcutaneous | t.i.d. | three times a day | | Rectally | rectally | q.i.d. | four times a day | | I.V. | intravenous | q.h.s. | before bed | | O.D. | in the right eye | 5X a day | five times a day | | O.S. | in the left eye | q.4h | every four hours | | O.U. | in both eyes | q.6h | every six hours | | q.o.d. | every other day | prn. | as needed | | 1 | One | q.t.t. | drop | | T | Two | a.c. | before meals | | TT | Three | p.c. | after meals | | TTT | Four | | |