Chemistry Analysis of Acidic Radicals PDF

# سكاشن الكيمياء التحليلية 18 - لي طلاب كلية العلوم - الفرقه الاولى - إعداد - عمار صابر محمد ابراهيم ## *Analysis of acidic radical:-* - يوجد في الطبيعة ١٤ شق حامضى: | Dil HCl group | ConC H₂Soy group | Miscellaneous group | |---|---|---| | Co32 | CI | Soy | | HCO3 | Br- | B407 | | 8-...

# سكاشن الكيمياء التحليلية 18 - لي طلاب كلية العلوم - الفرقه الاولى - إعداد - عمار صابر محمد ابراهيم ## *Analysis of acidic radical:-* - يوجد في الطبيعة ١٤ شق حامضى: | Dil HCl group | ConC H₂Soy group | Miscellaneous group | |---|---|---| | Co32 | CI | Soy | | HCO3 | Br- | B407 | | 8-2 | I- | Poy-31 | | 802 | NO3 | Asoy-2 | | $203-2 | | | | NO2 | | | - Soln + BaCl2→ BaCo3_ White PPT of Ba Coz after heating كربونات. راسب أبيض - Soln + AgNO3 → AgCO3_ بيكربونات - Soln + AgNO3 Ag Соз White PPT OF Ag Coz after heating_ ربونات بيكربونات - Soln + Mgsoy white PPT of mg Coz_ ميرة - Soln + H9C12 Reddish brown PPT of HgCO3_ كربونات لیکر بونات → Reddish brown PPT of HgCoz after heating ## تجربة :- ### Experment | Solid SolT + dil.Hel (1) | Co₂ | HCO3 | |---|---|---| | | effervescence and evolution of Co₂ gas detected by rendering lime water limpid | effervescence and evolution of Co₂ gas detected by rendering lime water limpid | ## *Physical Properties:-* - State :- Solid - Colour: white - Crystalline Form: Powder / small grains - SoTubility. Soluble in Cold water - effect of litmus Papers: Red → blue (basic) ## *Chemical Preparties.* ### 1 analysis of acidic radical | expermient 1 | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | SalT+dil.HCl | effervescence and evolution of gases. | The acidic radical Maybe Co², HCO₃ | | Soln+MgSoy | White PPT of MgCO3 on Cold | is Co32 | | Soln+H9C12 | Reddish brown PPT of H9 Co3 on Cold | is Co₃² | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT of AgCO3. on Cold | IS Co₃² | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of BaCo3 on Cold | is Co₃² | ## B407 (Borate) ### 1_Physical Properties → - State Bolld. - Colour White - Crystalline Form small arains - Solubility, so in Coll water - effect on litmus Paper, basicil @atural ### 2_Chemical Properties → | experiment | B407 | |---|---| | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of Ba(Bozz Soluble in excoss of BaCl2 and soluble in dil mineral acids. لا بذوب فى HCI | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT OF A92 B407 Turn into Brow by heating Tidu | | Soln + HgCl2 | Reddish brown PPT of H9B407 (meruric Borate) | | Soln+ Pb (CH₃ C0012 | Whire PPT | | Solon + 2 drops of Ph Ph | Pink Colour | | Soln+FeCl3 | orange PPT | ## Br- ### *Physical Properties* - State Solid - Colour, white - Crystal form Powder - Solubility Sol in Cold water - effect on litmus Paper neutral ### *Chemical Properties* - analysis in acidic radical | experement | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | SaJT+C. H₂Soy | evolution of Reddish brown Clouds of (HBr, Br) gases and Soln become orange | acidic radical is Br- | | Soln+AgNO3 | Pale yellow PPT of AgBr↓ | is Br- | | Soln + HgCl2 | _Ue | is Br- | | Soln + CuSoy | _ve | is Br- | | Son+ Pb(CH3COO)2 | White PPT OF Pb Br₂ ↓ | is Br- | ## Cl- ### *Physical properties* - State Solid - Colour: white - Crystalline Form: _big grains. - Solubility. Soluble in Cold water - effect on litmus Paper. neutral ### *Chemical Properties* | experement | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | Solid Salt + dil Hel | _ve | acidic radical dosen't belong To Hl group. | | Solid SalT+ Conc H₂Soy | effervescence and evolution of HCl gas blue litmus Paper red and Formating of white Clouds NHYCI With NHYOH | acidic radical is ct | | oln + AgNO3 | white crudy PPT of ASCI↓ | acidic radical IS CI- | | in + 3C00LPb | White PPT of PbCl2 | acidic radical is Cl- | - Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH + (NH4)2CO3 [Test For Group √] _Ue - Soln+NHyCl + NHYON + Na2HPOY - Ve - Soln + Naz [Co(NO₂)b] yellow PPT orange adour (-ve) - Flame Test Golden yellow Colour Pale violet Colour ## Group (IU) mg+, NH4+, Not, K+ | experment | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH + Na2HPOY | White PPT OF mg (NH4) Poy | The Basic radical is mg +2 | | Soin + Nao H | White PPT of Mg(OH)2 | is mg+2 | | Soln + Na2CO3 | White PPT of MgC03 | is mg+2 | ## NH | experment | obseruation | Result | |---|---|---| | Chand Test (Solid SalT Solid Na2CO3+ drops of H2O | evolution of NH3 905 adour | The Basic radical is NHyt | | Solid Salt + Conc NaOH + heating | evudtion of NH3 gas adour | is NH4 | | Soln + Na3 [Co(NO₂)6] | yello w PPT of (NH4)3 [Co(NO₂)6]. | is NHy | ## Gr.u [Ca²+, Bo²+, Sr+2] | expermient | Ca 2+ | Ba2+ | Sr2+ | |---|---|---|---| | Soin+NNY CI+ NHyat +(NH4)2CO3 | White PPT of CaCo3 Sol. in dil acids | White PPT of BaCo3 Sol. in dil acids | White PPT of srCoz Sol. in dil acids. | | Soln + NHYOH +(NH4)2C2O4 | White PPT of CaC₂Oy Sol. in mineral acids | White PPT OF BaCzoy Sol. in mineral acids | White PPT OF src₂oy Sol in mineral acid | | Soln + Casoy | _ve | heavy white PPT of Basoy in 801. in dil acids. | White PPT of srsoy in so in (NH4)2CO3 | | Soln+k₂Croy | yellow PPT of Cacroy | yellow PPT of Bacroy | yellow PPT of srcroy. | | Flame Test | Brick red Colour | apple green Colour. | Crimson h Colour. | ## Ni2+ | exp/radical | observation | Date, | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH + H2S | black PPT OF Nis | | | Soln + NaOH | green PPT of Ni(OH)2 | | | Soln + Na2CO3+ or (NH4)2CO3 | apple green of NiCO3 | | | Soln + Na2HPoy + NHYOH | _ve | | | Soin + D.M.G | bright red PPT OF NI OMG | ## Mn+2 | exp/radical | observation | | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH+H2S | buFF PPT OF Mns | | | Soln + Nao H | White PPT SOP brown PPT | | | Soln + Na2CO3 + or (NH4)2CO3 | white PPT of MnC03 | | | Soln + Na2HPO4+ NHYOH | buFF PPT of Mn (NHy) Poy | | | Soln+D.m.G | _ve | | ## Co2+ | exp/radical | observation | | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH + H2S | black PPT OF COS | | | Soln + NaOH | blue PPT of Co(OH)2 | | ## Group (IU) Zn2+, Mn2+, Co²+ Ni2+ | exp/radical | observation | | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH+H2S | White PPT of 2ns | | | Soln + NaOH | White PPT of 2n(OH)2 | | | Soln + Na2CO3 or (NH4)2CO3 | White PPT of 2nC03 | | | Soln + Na2HPoy + NHYOH | White PPT of 2n (NHY) Poy | | ## Al3+ | exp/radical | observation | | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl+ NHYOH | white gelatinous PPT OF Al(OH)3 | | | Soln + NaOH | White gelatinous PPT OF LAl(OH)32 | | | Soln + Hasor (NH4)2S | White PPT of Al283 | | | Soln, NHY (SCN) | _ve | | | Soln + Na₂HPoy | White PPT of AlPoy | | | Soln + ky (Fe(CN)b) | _ve | | | Soln+NaOH+ H2O2 | _ve | | ## cr3+ - Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH Grey green PPT of Cr(OH)3 - Soln + NaOH Grey green PPT of Cr(OH)3 ## Group → Pb2+ ### Exp/radical | exp/radical | observation | Date. | |---|---|---| | Solri + dil Hel | White PPT OF PbCl2 | | | Soln + H₂S | black PPT of PbS | | | Soln + dil. Hesoy | White PPT OF PbSoy. | | | Soln + KI | yellow PPT of PbI2 | | | Soln + K₂croy | Yellow PPT OF PBсточ | | | Soln + dil. NaoH | White PPT of Pb(OH)2 | | ## Group (II) cu²+ Indi ### Exp/radical | exp/radical | observation | Date. | |---|---|---| | Soln+Has+ dil HCl | black PPT of Cus | Yellow PPT of Cd | | Soln + dil NaOH | blue PPT of Culot), black PPT | White PPT OF Cd(OH)2 | | Soln + NH4OH | dark blue PPT of Cu(OH)2 | White PPT of Cd/oH(2 | | Soln + KI | Dirty Brown PPT OF (CUI₂+I2) | _ve | | Soln + Ky (Fe(CN)b) | Red Brown PPT OF Cu₂(Fe(CN)6) | Pale yellow PPT | ## GrouplIII) Fe3+ Al3+ cr3+ | exp/radical | observation | | |---|---|---| | Soln + NH4Cl + NHYOH | Red Brown gelatinous PPT of FeloH)3 | | | Soln + NaOH | Red Brown PPT of Fe(OH)3 | | | Soln + H₂s of (NHY), S | black PPT of feqS3 | | | Soln + NHy (SCN) | blood red PPT | | | Soln + Na2HPoy | Pale yellow PPT of fepoy | | | Soln + ky (Fe(CN)) | dark blue PPT | | | Soln + NaoHy+H2O2 | _ue | | ## S203 | Soln + (drops of dil Hz Soy + 4I2 Soln) | decolarization of I₂ Soln due To Formating I | is S203 | |---|---|---| | Soln (drops of dil H₂Soy + kmnoy) | decolarization of kmnoy Soln due To Formating Mn+2 | is S203 | | Soln (drops of dil Hasoy + K2Cr2O71 | development of green Colour due To Formating cr+3 | is Soz | - Na2S03+HCl→ NaCl + SO2 + H2O - Na2S2O3+HCl→ NaCl + H2O 48028, MBA, 1021 - تفاعلات الأكسدة والاختزال تتم فى وسط حامضى - ستخدم dil Ha Soy عامل حفان حيث أنه لا يدخل فى التفاعل ## (S)^2- ### *Physical Properties* - State Solid - Colour: white - Crystalline form: Powder - SoTubility: Soluble in Cold Water - effect on litmus Papers: _basic ### *Chemical Properties..* | expermient | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | Salt, dil HCl | evolution of his gas detected by ITS bad adour rendering load acetate Paper black | is s-- | | Soln + AgNO3 | black PPT OF Ag₂S | is s-- | | Soln + NaOH+ Na₂ [FeCCNI NO | Purple Colour | is S-- | | Soln + (CH3COO) Pb | black PPT of PbS | iss-- | | Soln+Idrops of dil Hasoy + Kmnoyl | decolarization of knnoy Boin due To Formation mr² | is Sajh | | Soin + drops of dil H2S04+ 4I2 Soinl | decolarization of Iq Soin due To Formation I | is sog | | Sony(drops of dil H2S04+ K2Cr2O71 | development of green Colour due To Formation cr³+ | is Soz | ## (SO₃)^-2 ### *Physical Properties.* - State Solid - Colour: water white - Crystalline Form Powder - SoTubility. Soluble in Cold water. - effect of litmus Papers_basic ### *Chemical Properties.* | expermient | observation | Result | |---|---|---| | ISOIT+dil HCl | evolution of So₂ gas detected by ITS Suffocating adour and rendering acid dichromate Paper green. | is sở | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of BaS03 | is So² | | Soln + (CH₃CoolPb | White PPT of PbS03. | is so² | | Soln + FeCl3 | Red Colour suffering no change on Standing | is so | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT of Ag₂Soz Soln XSS of Soz² Soln. Turn into grey PPT by heating. | iS So- | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of BaS203 by Shaling | is $203 | | Soln+FeCl3 | dark Violet Colour disappear on Standing or on warming. | is $203 | | Soln + (drops of dil H2SO4 + MI₂ Soln) | decolarization of I₂ Soln due To Formating I | is S203 | | Solri+ (drops of dil H2S04+ Kmnoy! | decolarization of kmnoy Soin due To Formation mn+2 | is 8203 | | Soln+(drops of dil H2S04+ K2C2O7) | development of greene Colour due To Formation cr+3 | is 8203 | ## (S2O3)^-2 ### *Physical Properties:-* - STATE Solid - Colour_white - Crystalline Form: big grains: - Solubility. Soluble in Cold water - effect of litmus Papers, Auital acidic ### *Chemical Preparties.* | expermient | observation do | result | |---|---|---| | SolT+dil.Hel | evolution of So₂ gas detected by irs Suffocating adour and rendering acid dichromate Paper green and The Solution become Turbid by yellow Sulphur PPT | is S203- | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT of A928203 Turn into yellow orange →Brown →Black by increasing The reagent AgNO3 | is S203- | | Soln + (CH3CooL Pb | White PPT of PbS203 | is S20/3/ | ## (HCO3) ### *Physical Properties:-* - State: Solid - Colour: white - Crystalline Form: Powder (small-grains) - SoTubility: Soluble in Cold Water - effect of litmus Papers_basic/ ### *Chemical Properties._* | expermient | observation | Ruselt | |---|---|---| | SolT+ dil.HC) | effervescence and evolution of gases | The acidic radical may be Co₃², HCO₃ | | Soln+mgSoy | White OPT OF Mg(HCO₃)₂ after heating | is HCO3 | | Soln + H9C12 | Reddish brown PPT OF H9 HCO3 after heating. | IS HCO3 | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT OF ASHCO3 after heating | is HCO3 | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT OF 'Ba(HCO3)2 after healing | is HCO₃ | | Soln + (CH3 Cool,Pb | White PPT OF PbSO₃ | White PPT of PbS203 | | Soln + drops of (dil H2S04+ KMNOY) | de Colarization of kmaloy Soin due To Formating mn+2 | | | Soln+drops of (dil H2S04+ 4I2Solni | decolarization of. I₂ Soln due To Formating I | | | Solin+drops of (dil H₂Soy+ K2Cr2O7) | development of green. Colour due. Torlon Formating cr3+ | | - Na2S03+HCl→ NaCl + SO2 + H2O - Na2S2O3+HCl→ NaCl + H2O 48028, MBA, 1021 - تفاعلات الأكسدة والاختزال تتم فى وسط حامضى - ستخدم dil Ha Soy عامل حفان حيث أنه لا يدخل فى التفاعل ## (4)Na₂S + Na2 [feCCN] Nos, Nay [Fe(CN), NoS] | experment | So | S2O3 | |---|---|---| | Solid SalT+ dil HCI | evolution of 802 gas detected by its Suffocating odour and rendering acid dichromate Paper green. →K2Cr2O7 dil H2804 dil HCl SalT | evolution of So₂ gas detected by ITS Suffocating adour and rendering acid dichromate Paper green and The Solutio In becomes Turbid by Collodial Sulphur (yellow). | | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT of Ag₂S03 Solin XSS of So Soln. | White PPT OF Ag₂S203 Turn into yellow orange brown→ black Solin XSS of S203 Soln. | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of Basoz | White PPT OF Conc Soln. | | Soln + FeCl3 | Red Colour suffering no Change on Standing. | dark violet Colour disappear on Standing or on warming | ## Dil HCl group | experment | S-- | |---|---| | Solid Salt + dil HCI | evolution of his gas detected by its bad odour rendering load acetate Paper black | | | Soln + AgNO3 | black PPT OF Ag₂S | | | Soln + (CH₃CoolPb | black PPT OF PbS. | | | Soln + NaOH+ Na [feCCN] No | Purple Colour. | | - Na₂S + HCl → NaCl + H2S↑ - Na2S + AgNO3 → NaNO3 + Ag₂S↓ - (CH3COO), Pb + Na2S → 2PbS + CH3COOH. ## Co32-, HC03 | experment | Co32- | HC03- | |---|---|---| | Soln + AgNO3 | White PPT of Ag₂CO₃ on Cold | White PPT of Ag2C03 after heating | | Soln + BaCl2 | White PPT of BaCo3 on Cold | White PPT OF BOCоз after healing. | | MiSoln+mgsoy | white PPT of mgC03 on Cold | White PPT of MgCO3 after heating. | | Soln + HgCl2 | Reddish brown PPT of WJCoz on Cold. | Reddish brown PPT of HgCoz after heating. | - Ppt → Precipetate راسب