Fluid & Electrolyte Basics VI - Fundamental of Nursing PDF

Fluid & Electrolyte Basics VI Fundamentals of Nursing Manifestations - Signs & Symptoms Fluid Volume Overload Fluid Volume Deficit Fluid Volume Overload Fluid Volume Deficit Hyperv...

Fluid & Electrolyte Basics VI Fundamentals of Nursing Manifestations - Signs & Symptoms Fluid Volume Overload Fluid Volume Deficit Fluid Volume Overload Fluid Volume Deficit Hypervolemia HYPOvolemia Hypervolemia HYPOvolemia HIGH fluid volume LOw fluid volume HIGH fluid volume lOw fluid volume LOw & Little Body Big Bulging Body Low & Little Body Big Bulging Body Weight Gain = Water Gain Weight Loss = Water Loss BIG & Bulging Body LOW & Little Body Key Numbers Memory Trick BIG fluid volume LOW fluid volume 2 - 3 lbs in 1 day 5 lbs in 7 days bs 100l s 143lb Cardiovascular Cardiovascular Renal & Urinary Renal & Urinary High blood pressure DEADLY Low blood pressure DEADLY Increased urine output Increased urine output initially & Decreased urine output (renal issues) Decreased urine output (at end) Hypertension (140 systolic) TEST TIP Orthostatic hypotension TEST TIP HTN Crisis (180 systolic) Stroke Risk (light-headed & dizziness upon standing) Increased central venous pressure CVP Decreased central venous pressure CVP Bounding pulses Weak, thready pulses Big distended veins Flat neck & hand veins Jugular vein distention (JVD) Tachycardia (pulse over 100) TEST TIP Integumentary (skin) Integumentary (skin) Periorbital edema Sunken eyes Respiratory Respiratory Pitting edema (think water bed skin) Dry skin (Poor turgor & tenting) Rapid shallow respiratory rate Rapid DEEP respiratory rate from hydrostatic pressure Dry mucous membranes (MM) Rales (Moist crackles) - fluid in lungs Pale cool skin Increased body temp Pulmonary edema Neuromuscular Neuromuscular ALOC - altered level of consciousness Lethargy to coma Gastrointestinal Gastrointestinal “Mental status changes” Weakness Increased motility - Diarrhea Decreased motility - Constipation Headache Hepatomegaly (enlarged liver) Diminished bowel sounds Weakness & paresthesias Ascites (abdominal fluid) Urine (Low when Liquidy) Urine (High when Dry) Decreased urine specific gravity Increased urine specific gravity Lab Values (Low when Liquidy) Lab Values (Appear High when Dry Low 1.005 (Normal 1.005 - 1.030) High 1.005 (Normal 1.005 - 1.030) Decreased Osmolality Increased Osmolality Low gravity = Low Weight High gravity = High Weight Decreased Hematocrit (HcT) Increased Hematocrit (HcT) Low 1.005 High 1.005 Decreased Blood Urea Nitro (BUN) Increased Blood Urea Nitro (BUN) Decreased Electrolytes Increased Electrolytes Low Sodium Na+ High Sodium Na+ Hyponatremia (below 135 mEq/L) Hypernatremia (over 145 mEq/L) lbs lbs NORMAL 100 NORMAL 146 Risk for brain damage Risk for brain bleeding HIGH LOW HIGH LOW Notes