5th Lecture Ribs and Vertebrae PDF
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Summary
This document appears to be lecture notes on human anatomy, specifically focusing on the ribs and vertebrae. It covers the thoracic spine, lumbar spine, sacrum, and coccyx, describing various features and articulations. The notes include diagrams and descriptions.
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Thoracic spine (Typical) Superior View Inferior View Thoracic spine: body bigger (heart shaped, vertebral foramen larger) Costal facet articulation with the head (end) of a rib Facet located on the transverse process for articulation with the tubercle of a rib...
Thoracic spine (Typical) Superior View Inferior View Thoracic spine: body bigger (heart shaped, vertebral foramen larger) Costal facet articulation with the head (end) of a rib Facet located on the transverse process for articulation with the tubercle of a rib Lumbar spine Body: Bigger than the thoracic because it carries the greatest amount of body weight Transverse processes: 1 – 4 : increase in size from above downward 5th : shorter, stronger, pyramidal Spinous process: square, horizontal The spinal cord end at the lower border of the first lumber vertebra ANTERIOR LATERAL Sacrum 5 fused vertebrae Triangle in shape Concave anteriorly Sacrum Fusion of five sacral vertebrae The side of the first piece form the ala of the sacrum which articulate with the ilium to form the sacro-iliac joint Sacrum and pelvis Sacrum Central mass (fused body): 4 Sacral foramina at transverse ridges Sacral promontory (superior- The ala (upper anterior anterior border) surface) Sacral crest: fused spinous processes Lateral articular surface: (posterior) sacroiliac joint Congenital fusion of the lowest Incomplete development of the lumbar vertebra to the top of the spine and lamina may result in SACRUM either partially or absence of the posterior wall completely is called (Sacralisation) (Spina bifida) Coccyx 4 (3-5) fused vertebrae with Different shape and size Articulate at acute angle with sacrum Lateral VERTEBRAL LEVELS Landmark Corresponding Level 1. Mastoid process (skull) Cervical 1 2. Thyroid cartilage Cervical 5 3. Vertebral prominence Cervical 7 4. Suprasternal notch Thoracic 2-3 5. Sternal angle (2 inch below notch) Thoracic 4-5 6. Inferior angle of the scapula Thoracic 7 7. Xyphoid process Thoracic 9-10 8. Inferior costal margin Lumber 2-3 9. Iliac crest Lumber 4-5 10. Anterior superior iliac spine Sacral 1-2 11. Greater trochanter Distal coccyx 12. Symphysis pubic 2.5 cm inferior to distal coccyx
