Topic 4.1 and 4.2 RR Journal PDF

Susanna Sam 10/28/24 Topic 4.1 and 4.2 RR Journal Key Words (4,1 Technological Innovations) The magnetic compass was originally made in China. The purpose was to be able to steer a ship to the right direction. The astrolabe was improved by Muslim navigators. The...

Susanna Sam 10/28/24 Topic 4.1 and 4.2 RR Journal Key Words (4,1 Technological Innovations) The magnetic compass was originally made in China. The purpose was to be able to steer a ship to the right direction. The astrolabe was improved by Muslim navigators. The purpose of the astrolabe was to let sailors find out how far north or south they are from the equator. The caravel was a three tiered ship that allowed sailors to survive storms at sea better than earlier designed ships. Cartography was mapmaking that taught the knowledge of current and wind patterns and also improved navigation. Primogeniture laws gave all of the estate to the eldest son. The Indian Ocean trade brought silk, spices, and tea to the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea. Islamic traders came from the cities of Baghdad and Constialope. Omani - European Rivalry was a reason that caused Christopher Columbus to search for a new route to India. (4.2 Exploration: Causes and Effects) Christopher Columbus helped influence the trade. The Americans traded sugar, tobacco and run. Africa traded enslaved people. While Asia, traded silk,spicies, and rhubarb. The extensive trade transformed Spain,Portugal, Great Britain, France, and Holland into maritime empires. Advances in ideas: are the safety of sailing on the ocean. Astronomical chart is any map of the stars and galaxies. These maps were the ones that helped guide sailors in the right direction. Developments were used and advances in equipment made sailing safer and faster than ever. New rudder was developed through an idea from China. The astrolabe, improved. The compass was used to find direction, this tool was used in navigation. Lateen sails, also known as a ship sail was a triangle, was a pivotal piece in technology. The sails allowed for the ship to travel in any direction through the winds. Image shows the three types of ships With the new introduction of gunpowder, it brought conquest to the Europeans. Islam spread to the Abbsaid Caliphate. With this, it brought many interactions and culture to the trading center. This brought extensive trade and new technology. Christopher Columbus, was a master navigator and admiral whose four transatlantic voyages. Mercantilism is the belief in the benefits of profitable trading like commercialism. This required heavy government involvement. Three people that led to the exploration of maritime exploration were Prince Henry the Navigator, Bartholomew Diaz,and Vasco Da Gama. Prince Henry the Navigator became the first European monarch to sponsor seafaring expeditions. Susanna Sam 10/28/24 Bartholomew Diaz sailed around the southern tip of Africa, the Cape of Good Hope. Vasco Da Gama sailed farther east than Diaz, landing in India in 1498.Trading post empire was Portugal, one based on small outposts, rather than control of large territories. Ferdinand Magellan was a portuguese explorer that was an explorer for Portugal and later Spain, who discovered the strait of Magellan while leading the first expedition to successfully circumnavigate the globe. Manilla became a Spanish commercial center in the area, attracting Chinese merchants and others.Galleons were Spanish ships that were heavily armed across the Pacific Ocean to East Asia. Northwest passage was a route through or around North America that would lead to East Asia and the precious trade in spices and luxury goods. Jacques Cartier sailed from the Atlantic Ocean into the St. Lawrence River at today’s northern U.S border. Samuel de Champlain realized there were valuable goods and rich resources available in the Americas. Quebec was a trading post. New France was the French colony in North America, was only 70,000. John Cabot was an explorer that went to America to look for a northwest passage. Jamestown was a settlement where 100 English colonists traveled approximately 60 miles inland from the coast. Henry Hudson was an explorer that explored the East Coast of North America. New Amsterdam was New York City. Connections Between Key Words: Many explorers started exploring different places like North America. Primogeniture laws was a good thing when coming to inheritance. Innovations like different ships were expanding. Innovations also that helped with navigation were used to help get the ship to the right place. Future Impact: Trade will be rising in the future. Empires are intended to decline majorly. Innovation are going to be improved. New laws and regulations are going to be made. Susanna Sam 10/28/24 Summary: Empires declined. Innovations like the ships were improved. Empires declined as innovations declined. Cultural conflicts are over. Extra Notes: Explores to Know: - Vasco De Gama - Portuguese explorers that was the first European to reach India by sea. - Zheng He - Chinese explorer who opened up trade networks with the following regions which were India, Arabia, and Africa. This led to the introduction of Chinese culture. - John Cabot - English explorer found a trade route to the East going from the west from Europe - Christopher Columbus - Spanish explorer who discovered the sea route to India and China going west of Europe - Ferdinand Magellan - Spanish explorer which demonstrated that Europand could reach Asia by sailing west Innovations that Improved - Astrolabe – which was a navigation tool for sailors to know how far north or south the equator was from them, this especially helped people that were doing trade - Caravel - was a small Portuguese ship that was used for sailing. These were really fast and due to their size they could carry loads of cargo. - Flyt - was a Dutch ship that had bid cargo bays so they could carry more goods for trade. Crews could be smaller. Ships like these only truly cost half of the older technology. - Magnetic compass - gave sailors the ability to know exactly which direction they were headed thanks to the north/south magnetic field that runs across the earth. - Lateen sails - was a triangular sail that could catch wind on both sides of the ship, as opposed to the old square sails that could only catch wind from one direction. Heimler 4.1 and 4.2 Extra Notes - Maritime means “related to the sea” - Muslims were controlling trading ports for Europeans. So the Europeans wanted to know if: THERE IS ANOTHER WAY TO ASIA? - Since Europeans were not as established as Musilms or Indians. The Europeans were late to advancements in technology like the astrolabe. - Ships that had both latten sails and square sails combined had an advantage to travel the ocean and expand trade routes. - States sponsored the expansion of maritime empires because of gold, God, and glory. Gold was the economic system of mercantilism. Christianity played into God, because Europeans were trying to convert people from distant lands. Glory, everybody wanted glory because every empire wanted it.