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Archive of SID ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſ ͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼ...

Archive of SID ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſ ͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼ ǐǒǘǖƾŤŮƊƼƅǆƆɔšŤǪŏƻǄſƅǇǀǂƃŤƽƍŏƻŮƭǄƶŤƉ ɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ǐ ƃƁŗɒŨɔŨŹǃǀŤƊƬţ ǐǒǘǔǐǑǑǐŬƬŤɓƃſżɓƃŤŭ Ǒ ɒŨƸŤƙƺŤǁǅŧ ǐǒǘǖǐǐǐǓƋƄɓƂǪżɓƃŤŭ ǂƀɔͺǶ ɑŤƧƧƱŭƃţƄƧƧŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃͬƧƧƎžŧƄűţƿƧƧɔɔƢŭƄƧƧƕŤŹƌƧƧǄǆȉǪͬƧƧƹƑţƪƀƧƧǄ ŷƄƧƧƙƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţŤƧƧŧͬƧƧƎɓŤƼƅŗǃŨƍƌƧƧǄǆȉǪƋǆƃŬƧƧƉţƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹɑŤƧƧǄŬɔŹʭƑ ƶŤƧƧƉɑſǆƃǆƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſƅţƄƧƧƭǀǐǙǖƌƧƧǄǆȉǪɑƃŤƧƧƼŗȺƧƧƢƼŤŵŬƧƧƉţǂſǇƧƧŧƌƧƧɓŤƼƅŗĹƶƄŮǁȔǂǆƄƧƧȡ ƾŤƧƧǀŗƅţƄƧƧƭǀǓǑǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţǃƧƧɔƼǆƃţƾŤŮƧƧƉƄǅƍɒƧƧɓŤŨƙŤŨƙǃƼʭơƈƧƧɓſƄǪƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſǐǒǘǐ ƋƅǇƧƧƼŗƿƧƧɓǇǀſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃĹƌɓŤƼƅŗǂǆƄƧƧȡƄƧƧƭǀǑǐ łƷͺƧƧƍǃƧƧŧǂǆƄƧƧȡǆſƃſǂſŤƧƧƉͬƧƧƬſŤƒŭūƃǇƧƧƑǃŧ ɑƃǆŗſƄƧƧȡƃţƆƧƧŧţƀǀƀƧƧƍƻɔƧƧƊƱŭ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƧƧƼŗͬŮǁƧƧƉſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃêƶƄƧƧŮǁȔǂǆƄƧƧȡƄƧƧƭǀǑǐǆĹɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑƃţƆƧƧȡƄŧƅţƀƧƧƢŧǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţȠǀţƄŮƧƧƉţǆƾǇƧƧƊƹɔǀţſɑţǃƧƬƄŹɑŤƧƧǄŬɔŹʭƑȺƼŤǁƧƧƎƉƄǪŤƧƧǄǂſţſ ƿƧƧɓǇǀƷƒƬƄƧƧƉƄƧƧŧƯƧƧŨƚǁƼͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗȺŮƧƧƊŧƅţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƧƧƼŗɑţƄƧƧŧŏƌƧƧɓŤƼƅŗǂǆƄƧƧȡƃſƀƧƧƍƠƧƧɓƅǇŭ ȺƧƧƼŤǀƄŧƅţƶƄƧƧŮǁȔǂǆƄƧƧȡƃſǆǂƀƧƧƍǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſɑƆƧƧȔƄƼƾŤƼƅŤƧƧƉɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑŤƧƧǄǂƃǆſ ſǇƧƧŵǆƄƧƧŧŬƧƧƸʬſŏƷƱŮƧƧƊƼɑŤƧƧǄǂǆƄȡTƾǇƧƧƼƅŗŴƧƧɓŤŮǀŬƧƧƉţǂƀƧƧƍǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔͬŮǁƧƧƉƋƅǇƧƧƼŗ ɑŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼɑŤƧƧǄǃƭƸŜƼƃſƿƧƧɔǁǷƽǄŬƧƧƉţǂǆƄƧƧȡǆſƾŤƧƧƽƹƢƼɑţǃƧ ƬƄŹŬƧ ɔŹʭƑƃţſͬƧ ǁƢƼūǆŤƧƧƭŭ ǆ ɑƆƧƧɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ŏɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƧƧƊƼ ŏƾţƅǇƧƧƼŗƌǀţſ ŬƬƄƧƧƎɔǪ ƄƧƧŧ ūƃŤƧƧƞǀ ŏͬƧƧƽƹƢƼ ƅŤƧƧɔǀƌɔǪ ǆſƿƧƧɔŧƆƧƧɔǀƈƧƧɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƧƧƼŗɑŤƧƧƱŭƃţǆͬŮɔƒžƧƧƍɑŤƧƧǄͬȡȉɓǆŏƇƃſƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƧƧƉŏͬƧƧȡſŤƼŗ ƋƅǇƼŗƿƧƧɓǇǀſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţƿƧƧɓţƯƧƧɔƱźŭȺƧƧŶɔŮǀƀƧƧƍǂƀǄŤƧƧƎƼɑƃţſͬƧǁƢƼūǆŤƧƧƭŭǂǆƄƧƧȡ ɑţƄƧƧŧƾŗƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţǆŬƧƧƉţƄƧƧŭƄűŜƼƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹɑŤƧƧǄŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƧƧƱŭƃţƄƧƧŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ſǇƧƧƍͬƼſŤǅǁƧƧƎɔǪɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƾŤƧƧƉƃƀƼ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſŏƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſŏƾţſŤŮƉţŏƈɓƃƀŭƋƅǇƼŗŬɔƭɔȔŤǄǂȈţǆƀɔƹȔ [email protected]ƆɓƄŨŭſţƅŗǂŤͽƎǀţſͬƉƃſɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧɑţƄŮȔſɑǇŶƎǀţſǐ ƆɓƄŨŭſţƅŗǂŤͽƎǀţſͬƍƅǇƼŗŬɓƄɓƀƼǂǆƄȡƃŤɓſŤŮƉţǑ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǓǙ ǃƼƀƱƼ ɑŤƧƧǄǃŮƬŤɓǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹɑţƄƧƧŧƾƀƧƧƍǂſŤƧƧƼŗƻƧƧǄǆŬƧƧƉţǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƻƧƧǄƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǆƋ ƅǇƼŗ ƃſƾŤƧƧƽƹƢƼƌƧƧƱǀƃŤɔƧƧƊŧŬƧƧɔƽǄţǆƋƅƃţǆŬɔƧƧƉŤƊŹƄƧƧŧŏǃƧƧǁɔƼƅƿƧƧɓţƃſūŤƧƧƱɔƱźŭ ł ɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓƯƧƧƽơǆŸƚƧƧƉͬƧƧŮŹŔƀƧƧǀƃţſƀƧƧɔȔŚŭƾţƅǇƧƧƼŗƌǀţſͬƧƧƹɔƒźŭŬƬƄƧƧƎɔǪǆǃƧƧƉƃƀƼ ƿƧƧɓţ ǑǙǐǒŏǐƾǇŮƧƧƉţǆŏƄƧƧƹŮɔǪŏƷƧƧŧŤǄŏƿƧƧɔɓſ ſƃţſͬȢŮƧƧƊŧƻƧƧƹƢƼǃƧƧŧƻƧƧǄƾţƅǇƧƧƼŗƌǀţſ ƷƧƧɔƹźŭţƄƬƃſƾŗƅţƄƧƧŭͬƽɓƀưͬƧƧŮŹǆ ǑǙǐǑ ǑͬƧƧŭŤǄƷƧƧɔƹźŭţƄƬƌƧƧǄǆȉǪƃſƟǇƧƧƕǇƼ ŏƌƧƧɓŤǄſƄͺɓǆƃƃſƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǆƋƅǇƼŗƄƧƧȡţƿƧƧɓţƄŧŤǁŧŬƧƧƉţǂƀƧƧƍƀƧƧɔɓŚŭ ǑǙǙǒ ǒǇƧƧǀţƅƃŤƼ ſǇƧƧŽͬƧƧƽƹơȹƅǇƧƧŹƃſƾŤƧƧƽƹƢƼǆͬƧƧƉƃſɑŤƧƧǄǃƼŤǀƄŧƿƧƧɓǆƀŭƃſͬƧƧƉƃſɑƆƧƧɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧƺŤƧƧƞǀ ĹͬƧƧǄſſŤɓŬƧƧɔƸŤƢƬŏƀǁƧƧƍŤŧǃŮƧƧƍţƀǀƷšŤƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹɑţƄƧƧŧƾŤȡƀƧƧǀƄɔȡſŤɓƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǃƧƧŧͬƧƧǄŤȢǀ.(ǐǔǐ :ǐǒǘǓŏǂſţƅŤƧƧưŗ ſǇƧƧŧƀƧƧǄţǇŽƄƧƧƽűɒŧɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓ ƋƃǆƄǪ ŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ǆ ŬɓƃǇƼŚƼ ǃȔŬƉţƃǇǅƝǇǀ ǆ ŤǪǇǀ ͬǄŤͽƎǀţſ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ųŤƼƃǇȔ ſƃţſ ǂƀǅơ Ƅŧ ţƃ ƋƃǆƄǪǆƋƅǇƼŗ ƘɓţƄƍ ƀŵţǆ ǆ ŬɔŹʭƑŤŧ ͬǀŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ͬƎƱǀǂŤͽƎǀţſƿɓţŏͬƸŤơƋƅǇƼŗūŤƊƉŜƼƄɓŤƉŤŧǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſ ǐǕ :ǑǙǐǖŏǂſţƅƃǇŭǆ ƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſͬƼǇƽơɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍɑŤƱŭƃţƿƽƕſƃţſǃƭɔƝǆǃȔɑƃǇƙǃŧŔſƃţſūǆŤƭŮƼ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑǆͬȢŮƊɓŤƍɑţƃţſͬǀŤƽƹƢƼŏͬǄŤͽƎǀţſȹſƄȔƷɔƒźŭͬǀţƀǀǆƄǅƍŬɔŧƄŭǆ ɑţƄŧŏƃǇƎȔͬƸŤơƋƅǇƼŗȺƼǇƞǁƼƃſǃȔŬƉţƆɓŤƽŮƼƌƱǀƿɔƽǄƀǁȔŬɔŧƄŭͬƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹ ŬɔƱƬǇƼƺƀơǆŬɔƱƬǇƼţƄɓƅŔŬƉţǂſƃǆŗŬƉſǃŧƠɔƬƃǆƇŤƊŹͬǄŤͽɓŤŵǂŤͽƎǀţſƿɓţ ƃſƅŤɔǀſƃǇƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑǆŤǄɑƀǁƽǀţǇŭſǇŵǆǃŧŏͬƍƅǇƼŗƺŤƞǀƃſƶǇźŭſŤŶɓţ ŏƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆͬƉŤƽƸţ ŬƉţƗǇǁƼŬɔŧƄŭǆƻɔƹƢŭɑŤǄĹǃƼŤǀƄŧͬƹƑţƾŤɓƄŶƼͬǁƢɓŏƾŤƽƹƢƼ ŔŬƊɔǀͬǀŤƉŗƾţƀǁǶƃŤȔƾŤƽƹƢƼƃſŤǄŬɔŹʭƑǆŤǄͬȡȉɓǆƿɓţƾſƄȔǃǁɓſŤǅǀ Ǒ :ǐǒǘǕ ƀǀƄɔȡƃſƫƹŮžƼɑŤǄǂŤȡƀɓſǆŤǄǃƭƊƹƬŤŧͬơŤƽŮŵţƾǇȡŤǀǇȡƃŤƎưţŤŧǇƉͷɓƅţƾŤƽƹƢƼţƄɓƅ ţƃ ƾŤƽƹƢƼƅŤɔǀſƃǇƼ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑ Ɔɔǀ ɑƃǆŤǁƬ ǆ ƺǇƹơ ƠɓƄƉ ūţƄɔɔƦŭ ŏƄͽɓſ ɑǇƉ ƅţ ǆ ƫƹͺƼƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƿɓţƄŧŤǁŧ Ǒǖ :ǐǒǘǒŏƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆͬǅƸţƀŨơ ŬƉţǂſƄȔƶǇźŮƼ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſŬɔŧƄŭƃſţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔſƃǇƼƃſƏǇƒžƸţͬƹơŏŦƉŤǁƼͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧƀǁȔͬƼ.(ǒ :ǐǒǘǔŏŤǀţǇŭƀɔƎƽŵƅţƷƱǀǃŧŏǑǙǐǔŏƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆųƄŵ ƀǁȔƻ ǄţƄƬ 1'HDQ+XEEHOO3LWOHU 6WRQH 2. Hattie 3. Marzano www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ǔǐ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ƃſ ŏǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ͬƉƃſ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ǃȔ ƀǀţǂſţſ ƾŤƎǀ ƘŨŭƄƼ ɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ƿɓţƃſŬƉţƄŭƌžŧūƂƸͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſǆƀǁȔͬƼſŤŶɓţͬŮŽŤǁƍɑƄɔȡƃſ ŬȔƄƍ ͬƍƅǇƼŗ ɑŤǄŬɔƸŤƢƬ ƃſ ǃǀʬŤƢƬ ŏǃŲŹŤŨƼ ȹǇɔƍ ƅţ ǂſŤƭŮƉţ Ťŧ ƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ŏƷɔǅƊŭ ɑţƄŧ ͬȔƄˁ źƼ ƾǇǷƽǄ ͬƢưţǆ ͬȡƀǀƅ ťƃŤŶŭ ǆ ƷšŤƊƼ ŷƄƙ ƯɓƄƙ ƅţ ǆ ƀǁǁȔͬƼ ŏɑſŤŧŗĹƿɓƃƅ ƀǀƄɔȡͬƼǂƀǅơƄŧţƃſǇŽɑƄɔȡſŤɓŬɔƸǇŢƊƼŏɑƄɔȡſŤɓƀǁɓţƄƬͬƸŤƢŭǆſǇŨǅŧ.(ǐǑǗ :ǐǒǘǓ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆǆƘɓţƄƍŦƊŹƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƀǁɓţƄƬŏɑƅƃǆƃŤȔͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧťǇǶƃŤǶȹƃŤŧƃſ :ǐǒǘǕŏͬƉŤƽƸţ ŬƉţǃŮƬƄȡſǇŽǃŧͬŭǆŤƭŮƼɑŤǄɑƀǁƼƅŤƉŏŤǄƻŮƊɔƉǆŤǄǃǁɔƼƅŏŤǄƃǇƎȔ ǂŤͽƎǀţſͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧťǇǶƃŤǶƿɓǆƀŭͬƎƼƘŽǆŤǄƅţƀǀţƻƎǶŏƪţƀǄţƅţǃȔǃǀǇȡƾŗ Ǔ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ťǇǶƃŤǶ ͬȢŮƊŧţǆ ŬɔǄŤƼ ƅţͬǄŤȡŗ Ťŧ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ƿɓţ ŏſǇƍͬƼ ƗŤŨǁŮƉţ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ȹƀǁǄſǃšţƃţƅţƾŤƽƹƢƼƌƱǀƄɔɔƦŭƿŮƬƄȡƄƞǀƃſŤŧǆƃǇƎȔͬƼʭƉţĹͬȢǁǄƄƬŬƬŤŧǃŧͬƉƃſ ǂſƄȔͬƢƉɑƄɔȡſŤɓĹͬǄſſŤɓƀǁɓţƄƬƄͽƹɔǅƊŭǆǂƀǁǁȔŬɓţƀǄǃŧŏūŤơʭƙţǆƌǀţſƪƄƑ ɑŤǄƘɔźƼ Ťŧ ɑƄƞǀ ɑŤǄǃŮŽǇƼŗ ƾŤɔƼ Ťŭ ƀǁȔƿɓǆƀŭ ɒŧǇǶƃŤǶ ƿɓǇǀ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑţƄŧ ŬƉţ ɑŤǄǃŧƄŶŭ ǃŧ ƾƀɔƎžŧ Ưƽơ ƿƽƕƀǀţǇŮŧ ǃȔſƅŤƉƃţƄưƄŧ ɑƀǀǇɔǪ ͬŮɔŧƄŭĹͬƍƅǇƼŗ ͬƢưţǆ ͬƹƽơƌǁȔɒɓŤƥŬɔƬƄƝǃŧɒŧŤɔŮƉſǆɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍȺƢƉǇŭǃŧƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ŏͬƹƼŚŭȹƀǄŤƎƼƄŧƀɔȔŚŭŤŧŏƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƃſǃƼŤǀƄŧƿɓţƀǁȔͷƽȔƇƃſƇʭȔƃſ ƆɔǀǆǃǀţƃǇȕƬƷƽơǂƀǁǄſƷͺƍǂƀǀƅŤƉƄƑŤǁơƾţǇǁơǃŧūŤɔŧƄŶŭɑǆŤȔţǆǆɑƃŤȢǀŬɓţǆƃ ſƃǇƼ ɑŤǄƋǆƃ ƾţǇǁơǃŧ ŏͬŮɓţǆƃ ƌǄǆȉǪ ǆ ͬǄǆȉǪƇƃſ ŏͬǄǆȉǪƺţƀưţȺǀŤȡǃƉ ɑŤǄƃţƆŧţ.(ǐǒǘǔŏɑƃƀƭƑ ſǇƍͬƼţƄŵţƃǇȕƬƻƹƢƼ ŬɔŧƄŭǃƼŤǀƄŧ ƃſƀɔȔŚŭ ƷƱŮƊƼƷƽơƅŤƉǃǁɔƼƅŏǃƉƃƀƼǆƇƃſƇʭȔŸƚƉƃſͬŮɔŧƄŭŏͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄǃƹŢƊƼȺƢƸŤƚƼ ƃſ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓ ɑŤǄſƄŨǄţƃ ƅţ ɑƄɔȡǂƄǅŧ ŬƉţ ƶǆţŬƉſ ūŤɔŧƄŶŭ ŦƊȔ ǆ ƄŨŮƢƼ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ūŤƽɔƽƒŭǃŧƾƀɔƎžŧŤǁƥǆǃŨǀŤŵǃƽǄͬǄŤȢǀǃŧǇŶƎǀţſɒŧŤɔŮƉſƃǇƞǁƼǃŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔȺƼŤǀƄŧ ƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓ ƅţ ŬɓŤƽŹ ɑţƄŧ ɒŧŤɓƅƃţ ǆ ţƄŵţ ŏɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ſŤƢŧţ ƃſ ǂƀƍƁŤžŭţ ƃſͬŮɔŧƄŭǆͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄŬɔƢưǇƼŏͬƹƼŚŭȹƀǄŤƎƼŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǇŶƎǀţſŬƉţɑƃǆƄƕ ŏŤǄŬɓţǆƃŦƸŤưƃſţƃſǇŽɑŤǄŬƬŤɓƃſǆƀǁȔͬƼǃƢƸŤƚƼţƃƇƃſƇʭȔǆǃƉƃƀƼŸƚƉ ƫƹŮžƼɑŤǄŬɔƢưǇƼƅţǇŶƎǀţſɑŤǄŬɓţǆƃƀǁȔͬƼǃšţƃţͬƒžƍūŤɔŧƄŶŭŏŤǄƃŤȢǀƅǆƃ ƋƃţƆȡͬƽƹơūţƀǁŮƊƼǆƀǄţǇƍƅţǂſŤƭŮƉţŤŧǂƀƍɒɓŤƉŤǁƍɑŤǄǃƹŢƊƼǆſǇƍͬƼɑǆŤȔţǆ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓƀŹţǆƅţŬƽƊưͷɓͬƍƅǇƼŗͬŹţƄƙǃŧſǇŽɑŤǄǃŮŽǇƼŗǃŧǃŵǇŭŤŧƈǫƉŔſǇƍͬƼ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǓǑ ȺšţƃţǆͬƍƅǇƼŗͬŹţƄƙɑŤǄŬƽƊưŦɔȔƄŭƃſͬƢƉŬƽƊưƄǄɑƄɔȡſŤɓŤŧǆƀǁȔͬƼƟǆƄƍ ǃŧͬƼǇǅƭƼȺƎƱǀƻɔƉƄŭŤŧŤĽ ŮɓŤǅǀǆɑſƄƬͬǄǆȉǪƌǁȔǆǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧƷƼŤȔŷƄƙͷɓ.(ǐǒǘǓŏƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑţƃǇƍ ƀǁȔͬƼƺţƀưţͬǄǆȉǪƇƃſ ŏſǇƍͬƼɑƄɔͽɔǪǆŬƉţŬɔƽǄţƆšŤŹƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƃſǃȔɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƪţƀǄţǃƹƽŵƅţ ɑŤǄɑƀǁƽǀţǇŭƅţƃţſƃǇŽƄŧǆƄɓƂǪƪŤƚƢǀţŏƄͽƎǄǆȉǪŏƮʭŽɑſţƄƬţǃŧƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƷɓƀŨŭ ɒɓţƃŤȔȺǁɔƼƅƃſſǇŵǇƼūŤƱɔƱźŭǃŧͬǄŤȢǀŤŧŬƉţǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹǆɑƄɔȡſŤɓƃſͬƽɔƞǁŭſǇŽ ǂƀƼŗƷƽơǃŧɑŤǄͬƉƃƄŧŤŧǆƀǄſͬƼƾŤƎǀţƃƾŗƫƢƕƅţŬɓŤͺŹǃȔƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭſƄͺƹƽơǆ ŤǄǂƃǆſƿɓţƯƬţǇŭƾţƆɔƼſƃǇƼƃſƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭɑŤǄǂƃǆſƷɔƒźŮƸţƣƃŤƬƾŤƽƹƢƼɒɓţƃŤȔȹƃŤŧƃſ ƾŤƎǀǆƀǀţǃŮžɔȢǀţƄŧţƃɒɓŤǄƀɓſƄŭŏƈɓƃƀŭɑƃǆƄƕɑŤǄɒɓŤǀţǇŭǃŧƾŤƽƹƢƼƿŮŽŤƉƆǅŶƼƃſ ŤĽ ƖƢŧǆŬƉţǂƀƎǀƀɓŤơťǇƹƚƼȺŶɔŮǀƀɓŤƍǆƀɓŤŧǃȔƾŤǁǶƾŗƃŤƞŮǀţƪʭŽƄŧǃȔƀǀţǂſţſ ſƄͺƹƽơſƃţǇƼͬƖƢŧƃſͬŮŹŔƀǀƃţƀǀͬŭǆŤƭŭƻǄŤŧǂƀɓƀǀǂƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼƅţǂƀɓſǂƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼ.(ǒǗ :ǐǒǘǓŏͬǀŤƼţ ŬƉţǂƀɓƀǀĹǂƃǆſſţƄƬţƅţƄŭƫɔƢƕǂƀɓſǂƃǆſſţƄƬţ ͬƽƉƃ ƠŨǁƼ ƾŤƽǄ ǃȔſǇŽ ƄɔƚŽ ŬƸŤƉƃ ƷɔƸſ ǃŧ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ŏǃǁɔƼƅ ƿɔƽǄ ƃſ ɑŤƱŭƃţŏǃƼŤǀƄŧƿɓǆƀŭǃŧͬƑŤŽǃŵǇŭƀɓŤŧŏŬƉţƀƼŗƃŤȔǆɑţǃƬƄŹƻƹƢƼƿɔƼŚŭǆŬɔŧƄŭ ŔƀƍŤŧǃŮƍţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑɑƅŤƉͬǁƥǆɑƅŤƉſƃţƀǀŤŮƉţŏŬɔƭɔȔ ŬƉţƋƃǆƄǪǆƋƅǇƼŗƃſŬɔƭɔȔƷƼŤơƿɓƄŭͬƉŤƉţɑƄɔȡſŤɓǆƈɓƃƀŭƀǁɓţƄƬǃŧǃŵǇŭţƄɓƅ ŤŧŏƃǇƎȔƃſƻƹƢƼȹƀǁǁȔŬɔŧƄŭƐŽŤƍǆſŤɔǁŧǇǀͬǄŤͽƎǀţſƌƱǀƃſƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſǆ Ťŧ ŬƉǆƃǃŧǆƃ ͬƉƃſ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ǆ ƋƅǇƼŗ ŬɔƭɔȔȺǁɔƼƅ ƃſ ɒɓŤǄɒɓŤƉƃŤǀ Ťŧ ŏǂȉɓǆ ŬɓƃǇƼŚƼ ɑƄͽƎǄǆȉǪȺɔŹǆƃſŤŶɓţƃſǂŤͽƎǀţſƿɓţƃſƿɓǇǀɑƅƃǆƃŤȔͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧŬɔƽǄţǃŧǃŵǇŭ ƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ͬƎžŧƄűţ ͬƉƃƄŧ ǃŧ ƌǄǆȉǪ ƿɓţ ƃſ ƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ǆ ƈɓſƄǪƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ŬƉţ ǂƀƍ ǃŮŽţſƄǪ ǃɔƼǆƃţ ɒɓŤŨƙŤŨƙǃƼʭơ ƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭƀǁɓţƄƬƃſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǃƧƧƢƸŤƚƼǆƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑţƄƧƧŧɒƧƧɓŤǄŬƑƄƬſŤƧƧŶɓţŬƧƧǅŵƃſͬƽƧƧƉƃͬƧƧŭţƀɔǅƽŭɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ŬƧƧźŭǆͬƧƧƽƹơȺƧƧƼŤǀƄŧͷƧƧɓŦƧƧƸŤưƃſǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƘƧƧɔźƼƅţųƃŤƧƧŽͬƹƦƧƧƍƯƧƧɓʭơȺƧƧŧƄŶŭǆ ƷƧƧƽơǆƻƧƧƹơŤƧƧɓƷƧƧƽơǆǃƧƧɓƄƞǀƶſŤƧƧŨŭƀƧƧǁɓţƄƬͬƧƧơǇǀŔŬƧƧƉţͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſǂǆƄƧƧȡͷƧƧɓƄƧƧƞǀ ƿƧƧɓţƃſſƃǆŗͬƧƼƻƧƧǄţƄƬͬƧƧƢưţǆͬƧƧƚɔźƼƃſţƃɑƄƧƧƞǀɑŤƧƧǄǃŮŽǇƼŗſƄƧƧŧƃŤȔƾŤͺƧƧƼţǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţ www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ǔǒ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ǃƧƧŧſǇƧƧŽȹƀƧƧǁɓŗͬƹƦƧƧƍŬƧƧɔƢưǇƼǆƃŤȔƘƧƧɔźƼƅţɑƀǁƽƧƧƍƅƃţūŤƧƧɔŧƄŶŭƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſŏƗŤƧƧŨŭƃţ ƫƧƧɔƸŤȕŭɑţƃţſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƀǁŶǁƧƧƉͬƼţƃſǇƧƧŽɒƧƧɓŤǀţǇŭǆŤǄſţƀƢŮƧƧƉţǆƀƧƧǀƃǆŗĹͬƼŬƧƧƉſ ūƃǇƧƧƑŤƧƧƽǁǄţƃƾţſŤŮƧƧƉţūƃŤƧƧƞǀŬƧƧźŭǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţƾţƅƃǆƃŤȔɑţƄƧƧŧǂƀƧƧƍɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ͬƧƧŮƑƄƬɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŏǃƧƧƑʭŽƃǇƧƧƙǃƧƧŧƀƧƧǁȔƀƧƧɔɓŚŭţƃƾŗƗǇƧƧŧƄƼͬƧƧƽƹơǂǆƄƧƧȡƀƧƧɓŤŧǆſƄƧƧɔȡͬƼ ŬƧƧƉţͬƹƦƧƧƍɑŤƧƧǄŬɔƸŤƢƬŤƧƧŧƷƧƧƼŤƢŭƯƧƧɓƄƙƅţƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑţǃƧƬƄŹǆɑſƄƧƧƬȺƢƧƧƉǇŭɑţƄƧƧŧ żƧƧɓƃŤŭŤƧƧŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔżƧƧɓƃŤŭŬƧƧƉţƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǆƋƅǇƼŗȹƅǇƧƧŹƃſŴƧƧɓţƃŷʭƧƧƚƑţͷƧƧɓɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ƷƧƧɓţǆţǃƧƧŧǆŬƧƧƉţǂſƃǇƧƧŽǂƄƧƧȡͬŮȔƃŤƧƧƎƼǆɒƧƧŧƄŶŭƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǆƋƅǇƼŗǆɒƧƧŧƄŶŭɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓ ƄƧƧŧͬƧƧǁŮŨƼͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗūŤƧƧɔŧƄŶŭƷƼŤƧƧƍǆƀƧƧƍƟǆƄƧƧƍŤͺƧƧɓƄƼŗƃſǃƧƧȔſſƄƧƧȡͬƼƄŧɑſʭƧƧɔƼǐǘǙǙ ǆƷƥŤƧƧƎƼͬƧƧƼſŤȔŗŏƃŤȔɑǇŶŮƧƧƊŵƃſŏƃŤȔŤƧƧŭǃƧƧƉƃƀƼƅţƀƧƧǁǀŤƼɒƧƧɓŤǄǃƼŤǀƄŧŔƀƧƧɓſƄȡͬƼƃŤȔ ƾŤƧƧǀţǇŵɑţƄƧƧŧǃƧƧǀŤŨƹƙǆţſɑƅǇƧƧƼŗƃŤȔƆƧƧɔǀŤƧƧǪǆƃţƃſŬƧƧƼƀŽƿƧƧƽƕɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓɑŤƧƧǄǃƼŤǀƄŧƄɓŤƧƧƉ ƀƧƧƍŤƧƧǪǆƃţƃſƋƅǇƧƧƼŗɑŤǄƻŮƧƧƊɔƉͬƧƧƹƑţƄƧƧƑŤǁơƅţǆǂƀƧƧƍƅŤƧƧƥŗƻƧƧǄſƅǇǀƾƄƧƧưƷƧƧɓţǆţƃſ ƋƃǆƄƧƧǪǆƋƅǇƼŗǂŤȡƀƧƧɓſƄƧƧŧǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţɑţǂƀǄŤƧƧƎƼǆɒƧƧŧƄŶŭɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓŏƿƧƧɓǇǀɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǆŬƧƧƉţƾŗͬƧƧƹƑţƄƧƧƑŤǁơƅţǆŬƧƧɓţǆƃǆƫƧƧɔƑǇŭŏǂƀǄŤƧƧƎƼŬƧƧƉţƃţǇŮƧƧƉţɒƧƧŧƄŶŭ ǃƧƧŧǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţƾŗͬƧƧƹƑţƺƅţǇƧƧƸƅţͬƧƧƊɓǇǀƋƃţƆȡǆͬƧƧƊɓǇǀŬɓţǆƃǂȉƧƧɓǆǃŧͬȡƀǁƧƧƊɓǇǀƋƅǇƧƧƼŗ ŬƧƧƉſͬƧƧƹƼŚŭƋƃŤȢƧƧǀͷƧƧɓǃƧƧŧͬƧƧƹƼŚŭȹƀǄŤƧƧƎƼͷƧƧɓƅţƀƧƧǀţǇŮŧŤƧƧŭƀƧƧǁȔͬƼͷƧƧƽȔƄȡǂƀǄŤƧƧƎƼ ͬƧƧƊɓǇǀŬɓţǆƃŏƫƧƧɔƑǇŭŏǂƀǄŤƧƧƎƼɑŤǄǂǇɔƧƧƍǆŤǄͷŨƧƧƉŏƟţǇƧƧǀţƿƧƧɔɔŨŭǆƃƿƧ ɓţƅţƀƧƧǁȔţƀƧƧɔǪ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǑǙǙǗ ǐŬƧƧɓƄɔƼ ŬƧƧƉţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƿƧƧɓǆƀŭͬƧƧƹƽơɑŤƧƧǄƺŤȡƅţͬƧƧƊɓǇǀƋƃţƆȡǆ ƷƼŤƧƧƍǆƀŮƭɔŧƮŤƧƧƭŭţƶŤƧƧƉƫƧƧƹŮžƼɑŤƧƧǄƷƒƬƃſŬƧƧƉţƿƧƧͺƽƼǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţɒƧƧŧƄŶŭɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓ ŬƧƧŽţſƄǪƾǆƀƧƧŧǆŬƧƧŽţſƄǪŤƧƧŧŏǂƀͺƧƧƎǀţſŬƧƧɓŤƽŹŤƧƧŧŏƷƱŮƧƧƊƼŏͬŮȔƃŤƧƧƎƼƋƅǇƧƧƼŗƟţǇƧƧǀţ ƌǀţſǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţɒƧƧŧƄŶŭɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓͬƧƧơǇǀƆƧƧɔǀͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǑǙǐǑŏǑǇƧƧɔƸŤͺɔŧ ƀƧƧƍŤŧ ƷƧƧǪɑƅƃǆƃŤȔǆſǇƧƧƍͬƼƯƧƧɔƭƹŭƃŤȔƘƧƧɔźƼƃſūƃŤƧƧǅƼǆſƄƧƧŧƃŤȔŤƧƧŧͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſȺƧƧɓƄƞǀǆ ƾŤƧƧɔƼͬƧƧƹǪ ǑǙǙǕ ǓȠƧƧǁɔƹǄƃǆ ǑǙǙǑ ǒƿƧƧɔƸǇȔƄƧƧƞǀǃƧƧŧǆŬƧƧƉţƷƧƧƽơǆǃƧƧɓƄƞǀƾŤƧƧɔƼ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǐǘǗǖ ǕƾţǇǷƧƧƉţ ǑǙǐǒŏǔƿɔǀŤǁǄƃ ŬƧƧƉţͬƹƦƧƧƍƘɔźƼǆͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƘɔźƼ ţƃɑƆƧƧɔǶƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſǆƀƧƧŮƬţͬƼƮŤƧƧƭŭţͬƧƧƹƽơɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓƾŗƃſǃƧƧȔƀƧƧǀţſͬƼͬƧƧƚɔźƼţƃ ŬƧƧƉţƌƧƧǁȔƃſƄƧƧȕƭŭɑǇƧƧͽƸţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŏƠƧƧưţǆƃſƀƧƧǀƄɔȡͬƼſŤƧƧɓƾſţſƺŤƧƧŶǀţƯƧƧɓƄƙƅţ 1. Merrit 2. Bukaliya 3. chollin 4. Ruhlling 5. Ruhanen 6. Schouan www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǓǓ Ǒ ƀƧƧƸǇǀƃŗǆƿƧƧǁȔƿƧƧɔǁǷƽǄ ǑǙǐǓŏǐͬǁɓƄƹƧƧƍ ſǇƧƧƍͬƼŬƧƧɔŧƄŭƾŗƃſƄƧƧȕƭŮƼƅƃǆƃŤȔǃƧƧȔ ǂſţſƅƃǆƃŤȔǃƧƧŧƷƦƧƧƍŬƧƧɔǄŤƼƅţͬƧƧƱɔƽơȒƃſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔǃƧƧȔƀǀƀɔƧƧƉƃǃƧƧŶɔŮǀƿƧƧɓţǃƧƧŧ ǐǘǘǗ ǃƧƧȔƀƧƧǄſͬƼƾŤƧƧƎǀƷƧƧɔǅɓŤƼɑŤƧƧǄǃŮƬŤɓƀƧƧǁȔͬƼƃţǇƧƧƽǄɑǆͬƧƧƽšţſƺţƀžŮƧƧƉţɑţƄƧƧŧţƃǂţƃǆ ƃŤȔŏͬƧƧƙŤŨŭƃţɑŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼŏūŤƧƧơʭƙţɑȈǇƧƧƸǇǁȕŭȺƧƧǁɔƼƅƃſͬƒžƧƧƍɑŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ (ǐǘǗǖ ǒƶţǇŮƧƧƉţǆƷƧƧǷǀƀƧƧǄſͬƼǃƢƧƧƉǇŭţƃƫƧƧɓŤƝǆƺŤƧƧŶǀţǆͬƧƧƒƒžŭƌƧƧǀţſŏͬƧƧǄǆƄȡ.(ǐǘǗǔŏǓūǆǇƧƧǀ ƀƧƧǄſͬƼƌƧƧɓţƆƬţţƃƃŤȔɒƧƧɓţǇŮźƼƌƧƧǀţſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔǃƧƧȔƀƧƧǁɓǇȡͬƼ ƆŵǃŧɑƄͽɓſɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍƀɓƀŵɑŤɔǀſƃſɑƀǀǆƄǅƍƀǀƀƱŮƢƼ ǑǙǙǓ ǔƿƽƸǆǆǆƺţſ ƾŤͺƼǆƷźƼǃƴƻɓƃţƀǀƃŤƞŮǀţſţƄƬţƅţƾǇǁƴţŏƀǁƴͬƼŦƹƙţƃͬŮǁƉǆͬƹŨưɑŤǄɒɓŤǀţǇŭ ƫɓƄƢŭ ƟŤƽŮŵţ ƃſ ţƃ ƾŤƍſǇŽ ŬɔƢưǇƼ ƻɓƃţſ ƃŤƞŮǀţ ǃͺƹŧ ŏƀǁƉŤǁƎŧ ţƃ ƾŤƍſǇŽ ͬȡƀǀƅ ɒɓŤǀţǇŭ ƀƍƃ ŬƉţ ƀƱŮƢƼ ǐǒǗǑ ŏƃƁŗͬźŮƬ ƅţ ƷƱǀ ǃŧ ǕǴǇŭ ƇŤƼǇŭ ƀǁǁȔƐžƎƼ ǆ ǃƴɑţǃƢƼŤŵ ƃſ ŬƉţ ƾţƄɔȡţƄƬ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ǆ ͬǁƬ ŬɔŧƄŭ ƅţ ƄŭƻǅƼ ƷšŤƊƼ ƷŹ ǆ ƾƀɔƎɓƀǀţ ƈƵƢǁƼţƃŤǅǀŗƄƵƭŭƾǆƀŧǆſƄɓƂǪͬƼţƃƃǇƼţŏſŤƱŮǀţǆŰźŧƾǆƀŧƾŗŬɔŧƄŭǆƻɔƹƢŭƻŮƊɔƉ ŏƿɓţƄŧŤǁŧŔŬƉţſŤɓƅǃƢƼŤŵƃſƄƵƭŭɑǆƄɔǀƾǆƀŧǆƾţǇŭŤǀɑŤǄ ł ƾŤƊǀţƾƀƼŗƀɓƀǪƄƚŽŏƀǁƴͬƼ ƋƃǆƄǪ ŏƃʬŤƉƺſƄƼ ƀǀǆƄǅƍ ɑţƄŧ ŬɔŧƄŭ ǆ ƻɔƹƢŭ ƪƀǄ ŬƉţ ƀƱŮƢƼ ǐǘǘǗ ǖƾƄǫƸŤǄ ǆ ƻɔƹƢŭ ƪţƀǄţ ƅţ ͬͺɓ ɑſŤƱŮǀţ ƄƵƭŭ ǐǘǘǑ ƶǇǪ ǂŤȡƀɓſ ƯŧŤƚƼ ŬƉţ ɑſŤƱŮǀţ ƄƵƭŭ ͬŹţƄƙɑŤǄǂȈǆƄǪƅţŰźŧǃŧ ǑǙǙǒ ǗƾǇƊƹǀŬƉţƾŗͬƉŤƉţƪƀǄǃͺƹŧŏŬƊɔǀŬɔŧƄŭ ɑƃţƂȡƺŤǀƷƼŤƍţƃͬŹţƄƙƷŹţƄƼǆſƅţſƄǪͬƼǃƹŢƊƼƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓɑţƄŧɒɓŤǁŨƼǃŧŤŲƼǃŧ ŬȔƄŹŏ ǃƹŢƊƼſǆƀŹƿɔɔƢŭ ɑƀǁŧťǇǶƃŤǶ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹƃſͬƹƑţɑŤǄƟǇƕǇƼɒɓŤƉŤǁƍ ȺǁɔƼƅ ƾŗťǇǶƃŤǶǆǂƀƍƺŤŶǀţƺţƀưţƀƱǀǆɒŧŤɔƍƅƃţ ƷƼŚŭǆ ͬƎɓŤƼƅŗƷƽơͷɓƺŤŶǀţ ͬƹɔƹźŭţƄƬ ǑǙǙǒ ǘƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆͬǶǆſƀǀţſͬƼǃƹŢƊƼƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓƀǁɓţƄƬɑţƄŧɒŧǇƹƚƼ ƄɔűŚŭǃŧƗǇŧƄƼɒŧƄŶŭƯɔƱźŭɩǒƾŤƭƸŜƼƀǀſƄȔƄƎŮǁƼǃƹŢƊƼƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓƄɔűŚŭƅţ ţƃƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƃſɒɓŤƎȡǃƹŢƊƼɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼſŤŶɓţǆƌǀţſŦƊȔƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŤŧţƃƈɓƃƀŭƋǆƃͬƹƑţūŤɔƑǇƒŽƾŤɓţƄȡƷƽơ ƠŨǁƼƾŤƽǄ ƀǀſƄȔɒɓŤƉŤǁƍ 1. Salerni 2. Konen & Arnold 3. Nechel & Astwal 4. Nowt 5'DP 9RORPDQ 6. tomastoch 7. Halpern 8. Nelson 9'RFK\HWDO www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ǔǔ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ƋǆƃƿɓƄŮǅŧţƃǃƹŢƊƼƷŹƋǆƃŏǆƃƿɓţƅţƀǁǁȔͬƼͬƱƹŭƾŤƊͺɓǆƀǁǀŤƽǄƄȕƭŭͬƉŤƉţ ͬǁƢɓͬȡƀǀƅƾǇǶŔŬƉţͬȡƀǀƅɑţƄŧƾƀƍǂſŤƼŗͬơǇǀƋǆƃƿɓţŤǅǀŗƄƞǀƅţƀǁǀţſͬƼƈɓƃƀŭ.(ǐǒǗɪŏǂſţƅƻɔǄţƄŧţ ŤǅǀŗƷŹɑţƄŧƌƍǇȔǆūʭͺƎƼŤŧƾƀƍǃŵţǇƼ ƾŗȹƀǁǁȔƿɔɔŨŭɑŤǄǃɓƄƞǀǆƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑ ƀƧƧǁȔͬƼƫƧƧɓƄƢŭǃƧƧǀǇȡƿɓţţƃ ƾŗɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹɑŤƧƧǁƢƼǃƧƧŧ ŬƧƧɔŹʭƑ ǑǙǐǐ ǐţǇͺƧƧƎƸŤŧ ǃƧƧȔͬƧƧƹŃ ȔɑƃŤƧƧŮƬƃɑŤƧƧǄǇͽƸţǆͬƒžƧƧƍŏɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹɑŤǄſţƀƢŮƧƧƉţŏŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼƅţɑţǃƧƧƑʭŽ ŏƫƧƧɓŤƝǆɑţƄƧƧŵţŏǂƀƧƧƍƫɓƄƢŭƪţƀƧƧǄţƆƧƧɔƼŗŬɔƱƬǇƼƯƧƧƱźŭƃǇƧƧƞǁƼǃŧƀƧƧɓŤŧſƄƧƧƬͷƧƧɓ ǆţǇͺƧƧƎƸŤŧƅţƷƧƧƱǀ ƀƧƧƍŤŧƃţſƃǇƧƧŽƄŧŤƧƧǅǀŗƅţǃƧƧƙǇŧƄƼɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƧƧƊƼǆƫƧƧɔƸŤȕŭ ūƃŤƧƧŨơŬƧƧɔŹʭƑ ǑǙǙǑ ǑūƃƀƧƧǀǇǄǆƿɔŮƧƧƊǪţǂŤȡƀƧƧɓſƅţ ǓǔǗ :ǑǙǐǓŏţǇƧƧͺǶƃŤǶǇȔ ƃſƷƥŤƧƧƍſţƄƧƧƬţǃƧƧȔɑƀƧƧɔƹȔɑŤƧƧǄɒɓŤǀţǇŭǆŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼŏŤƧƧǄƌǀţſƅţǃŮƧƧƉſƾŗƅţŬƧƧƉţ ƀƧƧǀƃţſƅŤƧƧɔǀƾŗǃƧƧŧŬƧƧɔƱƬǇƼɑţƄƧƧŧƏŤƧƧŽɑţǃƧ ƬƄŹ ƫɓƄƢŭŤǄūƃŤǅƼǆƌǀţſſƄŧƃŤȔŬǅŵǂƀƍŬŧŤűɒɓŤǀţǇŭͬơǇǀƀǀţǇŭͬƼŬɔŹʭƑƿɔǁǷƽǄ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑǃŧţƃƺǇǅƭƼǆƫɓƄƢŭƿɓţƄȡţ ǐǙǕǔ :ǑǙǐǒŏǒƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆƄƸƀǀǇȔ ſǇƍ ƀǁŮƊǄŤǄƋƄȢǀǆŤǄƌǀţſƅţƟǇǀƾŗITCɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼŏƻɔǄſƀǀǇɔǪITC ͬƹɓŤƉǆ ƿɔǁǷƽǄ ǆ ƀǀǆƃͬƼ ƃŤȔǃŧ ūŤƙŤŨŭƃţ ǆ ūŤơʭƙţ ɑŤǄƺŤƞǀ ƅţ ǂſŤƭŮƉţ ɑţƄŧ ǃȔ ɑţƄŧͬƍƅǇƼŗɑȈǇƸǇǁȕŭͬƹƼɑŤǄſƃţƀǀŤŮƉţƯŨƙǆƀǀǇƍͬƼƷƼŤƍţƃŬɔƸŤƢƬƿɓţǃȔƀǁŮƊǄ ͬƸŤŮɔŶɓſƾŤǅŵƃſƾſǇŧƀƸŃ ǇƼƪƀǄŤŧţƃƾŗƀǁǀţǇŮŧƀɓŤŧƺſƄƼǃȔŬƉţͬƎǀţſ ł Ǔ ƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ.(ǐǒǘ :ǑǙǐǔŏǔƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆǇƹŮƉŤȡ ƀǁǄſƶŤƱŮǀţǆƀǀƄɔȡſŤɓƌžŧƄűţƃǇƙǃŧ ŬɔŹʭƑǃȔƀɔƼŤǀƻƹƢƼƾţǇŭͬƼͬǀŤƼƅţƃſƄƬͷɓŬƉţƀƱŮƢƼ ǐǕǗ :ǑǙǐǖ ǕʭɔƽƸŤƉ :ǑǙǐǔ ƿɓƀƸƆɓţǆţǇɔȔƶŗƀƍŤŧǃŮƍţſͬơŤƽŮŵţǆͬƒžƍŬɔƒžƍŏɑţǃƬƄŹŏͬƍƅǇƼŗ ǆ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ŬɔŹʭƑ ŏͬƽƹơ ŬɔŹʭƑ ͬƹƑţ ȺƭƸŜƼ ǒ ţƃ ƻƹƢƼ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ŬɔŹʭƑ Ǖǘ ūƃŤǅƼŏͬƉƀǁǄɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼŏɑƃſŤƼƾŤŧƅɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼ ǃƭƸŜƼƄɓƅǐǒǆͬŮɔƒžƍŬɔŹʭƑ ͬͽǶƃŤǫͺɓ ŏͬƉƃſ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ƪţƀǄţ ƇŤƉţ Ƅŧ ƈɓƃƀŭ ƟǇƕǇƼ Ƅŧ ūƃŤǅƼ ŏͬŵƃŤŽ ƾŤŧƅ Ƅŧ 1. Blašková 2. Epstein & Hundert 3. Quendler et al. 41DWLRQDO(GXFDWLRQDO7HFKQRORJ\6WDQGDUGVIRUo6WXGHQWVo 1(766 5. Gastelú et al 6. salmilah www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǓǕ ɒŧŤɓƅƃţŏƇƃſƇʭȔŬɓƄɓƀƼŏŤǄſƄŨǄţƃǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧŏƟǇƕǇƼɑţǇŮźƼƅţͬǄŤȡŗŏƟǇƕǇƼ ǆƾŤȔſǇȔͬƉŤǁƍƾţǆƃƅţͬǄŤȡŗŏŤǄƋƅƃţǃŧſŤƱŮơţŏǃŮƉţƃŗɑƄǄŤƝŏŤǄƋǆƃǆſţǇƼƿɓǇǀ ŬƉţǂſƄȔƫɓƄƢŭ ƄűŜƼƗŤŨŭƃţɑƃţƄưƄŧūƃŤǅƼ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƾǇǶƫƹŮžƼƀƢŧǘƃſţƃƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑ ǑǙǐǙ ɑǇƹƉ ͬơŤƽŮŵţɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍŏƄƽƢƸţƺţſŤƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓŏǃƼŤǀƄŧͬȢŮƊɓŤƍŏƯɔƱźŭɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑŏǃǁɔƼƅ ǆ ƗŤŨŭƃţ ɑƃţƄưƄŧ ŬɔŹʭƑ ŏǃǀţƃǆŤǁƬ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑ ŏͬƭƙŤơ ɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍ ŏͬȢǁǄƄƬ ǆ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑ ƀǄſͬƼ ƾŤƎǀ ɑǇƹƉ ƌǄǆȉǪ ŴɓŤŮǀ ŬƉţ ǂſƄȔƿɔɔŨŭ ͬƚɔźƼ ɑŤǄŬɔƹŧŤư ſƃţſƄɔűŚŭƈɓƃƀŭɑŤǄǂǇɔƍǆƪţƀǄţǆūŤƙŤŨŭƃţǆŤǄƃŤŮƬƃǆŤǄƋƅƃţƄŧƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓƀǀǆƃſǇŨǅŧɑţƄŧǆƀǁȔͬƼŬɓŤƽŹͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧūŤƢƸŤƚƼǆɑţǃƬƄŹȺƢƉǇŭƅţǆ ŬƉţƀƱŮƢƼ ǑǙǙǔ ǐŬƸǇɔŶɔǀŬƉţƃţſƃǇŽƄŧɑſŤɓƅŬɔƽǄţƅţǃƉƃƀƼƃſƈɓƃƀŭǆ ƾţƆɔƼǃŧƈɓƃƀŭɑţǃƬƄŹūŤŨƸŤƚƼǆŤǄƅŤɔǀƾſƃǆŗƄŧƃſƾŤǀŗɒɓŤǀţǇŭǃŧŏƾŤƽƹƢƼŬɔŹʭƑ ǃŧ ŔſǇƍͬƼ ǃŮƭȡƋƄȢǀ ǆ ūƃŤǅƼ ŏƌǀţſ ƅţ ǃǶƃŤǫͺɓ ɑţǃơǇƽŶƼ ƅţ ǂſŤƭŮƉţ Ťŧ ǆ ͬƬŤȔ ǆͬȔƃţǆƅͬơƃţƅƅţƷƱǀ ƀǁȔţƀɔǪͬƹŶŭƻƹƢƼťŤŭƅŤŧǆſƄͺƹƽơƃſǃơǇƽŶƼƿɓţǃȔɑƃǇƙ.(ǐǒǘǔ ŏƾţƃŤͺƽǄ ǂŤȡƀɓſƅţƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƆɔǀ ǐ :ǐǒǘǔ ƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆͬƍǆƄŽ ȺƢƼŤŵǆͬƎɓŤƽɔǪĹͬƭɔƑǇŭƋǆƃŤŧŏƾŤǅƭƑţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆƾŤƉƃƀƼ ͬŮɔŧƄŭƺǇƹơȺŮƍƃƄŮŽſƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆ ƄƭǀǔǙ ͬŮɔŧƄŭƺǇƹơǂǆƄȡƾţſŤŮƉţȺɔƹȔƷƼŤƍŏɑƃŤƼŗ ƾŤȡƃǇƼƶǆƀŵͷƽȔŤŧŏƯɔƱźŭƿɓţƃſƀǀţǂſƄȔͬƉƃƄŧţƃ ƄƭǀǒǗǙ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſ ƃţƆŧţƀƍǃŮƬƄȡƄƞǀƃſƄƭǀǐǗǐƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆƄƭǀǓǓƾţſŤŮƉţȺǀǇƽǀƻŶŹͬƊŵƄȔǆ ƾŗɒɓţǇŮźƼɒɓţǆƃǃȔǂſǇŧƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑȺŮŽŤƉƯƱźƼȺƼŤǁƎƉƄǪƌǄǆȉǪ ƀǄſͬƼƾŤƎǀŤǄǃŮƬŤɓƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼǗǗǚƾŗɒɓŤɓŤǪŦɓƄƕǆŬƉţǂſƄȔƀɔɓŚŭſŤŮƉţŴǁǪţƃ ŏƌǀţſȺƚɔŹǃƉƃſƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆƾţſŤŮƉţƄƞǀƅţƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƿɔŧ ɒŧǇƹƚƼƀŹƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑƀǁƽǀţǇŭǆſƃţſſǇŵǆɑƃţſŤǁƢƼūǆŤƭŭƋƄȢǀǆūƃŤǅƼ ƀǄſͬƼƾŤƎǀţƃɑƄŮǅŧŤĽ ŮŨƊǀŬɔƢƕǆƾţſŤŮƉţƄƞǀƅţŤǄǃŮƬŤɓǃȔͬƸŤŹƃſŔŬƊɔǀ ƌǀţſǆŬƉţƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑƀɔƹȔƌƱǀƅţͬȔŤŹ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƸƀơƌǄǆȉǪ ƅŤɔǀƾŗǃŧƌžŧƄűţƈɓƃƀŭȺšţƃţɑţƄŧƾŤƽƹƢƼǃȔŬƉţͬŮɔŹʭƑŬɔŧƄŭǆƻɔƹƢŭɒɓţǇŮźƼ ŴɓŤŮǀƀǁǄſͬƼżƉŤǪƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſɑŤǄƅŤɔǀǃŧǆƀǁǁȔͬƼǃšţƃţƄŭƯɔưſţƃţǇŮźƼƾŗŤŧǆƀǀƃţſ 1. Nijiveldt www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ǔǖ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ɑţƄŧǆǃŮƊǀţſƌžŧƄűţɑƄɔȡſŤɓƇŤǁƍƃŤȔƌƱǀƃſţƃƻƹƢƼ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƍǆƄŽɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ƿɓţƃſŔƀǀţſĹͬƼɑƃǆƄƕǆƺƅʬƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţƄŧţƃɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑͬƎƱǀƿɔǁǶɑŤƭɓţ ɒɓŤǄƷŹǂţƃǆǂƀƍɒɓŤƉŤǁƍǃŮƬƄƎɔǪɑŤǄƃǇƎȔƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑȺƢƉǇŭŏƌǄǆȉǪ ƾŤƎɓţɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓŔŬƉţǂƀƍƾŤɔŧƾţƄɓţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƃſŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƿɓţɑŤƱŭƃţɑţƄŧ ȺǁɔƼƅȺƢƉǇŭŏͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄǃƼŤǀƄŧǆŤǄƋǆƃɑŤƱŭƃţǆŷʭƑţǃŧǃŵǇŭūƃǆƄƕƅţͬȔŤŹ ŬƉţƶǇźŭǆƄɔɔƦŭɑţƄŧƾŤƽƹƢƼſǇŽŬȔƃŤƎƼǆɑƄȡǇŶŮƊŵǆƌǄǆȉǪ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſͬƉŤƉţƻɔǄŤƭƼƅţͬͺɓţƃͬƹƼŚŭȹƀǄŤƎƼǆǃŧƄŶŭ ǐǒǘǓ ͬǁɔƊŹƶŗ ͬƢưţǆɑŤǄƘɔźƼƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƃſţƃǃƹŢƊƼƷŹǆɑƅƃǆǃŧƄŶŭɑŤǄŬƑƄƬǃȔƀǀţſͬƼ ƘƉǇŭ ͬƼǇǅƭƼ ɑŤǄǃƎƱǀ ƄɔűŚŭ ǃŧ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƼƄȔſƃǆŗͬƼ ƻǄţƄƬǃƉƃƀƼ ǆ Ƈƃſ ƇʭȔ ƀƱŮƢƼǆǂſƄȔǂƃŤƍţŏŬƉţͬͺƊŭǇͽɓǆǆǂȈŤɔǪɒɓţƄȡǂƀǀƅŤƉȺɓƄƞǀŤŧǇƊƽǄǃȔǂƀǀƄɔȡſŤɓ ŬƉţƄűŜƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓƾŤɓƄŵƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſŬɔƸŤƢƬǆɑƄɔȡſŤɓƯɔƽƢŭƃſǂǇɔƍƿɓţŬƉţ ƄűŜƼƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹȺƢƉǇŭƃſţƃǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƬǆƄƢƼ ūƃŤǅƼǆƌǀţſƀǀţǇŭͬƼƷƽơƃſƌǄǆȉǪŬƉţƀƱŮƢƼſǇŽɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓǃŧǃŵǇŭŤŧǆƀǀţſͬƼ ţƃƾŤǀŗƋƄȢǀƿɔǁǷƽǄǆƀǄſƌɓţƆƬţƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƃſţƃǃƹŢƊƼƷŹūƃŤǅƼǆƌǄǆȉǪ ţƃƾŤƽƹƢƼɒɓŤǀţǇŭɑŤƱŭƃţ ǐǒǘǓ ɑƃŤȢŮƉƃſǇƍͬǀǆƃſŬɓŤƕƃŦƊȔŰơŤŧǆƀǄſƄɔɔƦŭ ƷƒƬƄƉƃſǆͬƍŤƱǀŏͬƱɔƉǇƼǃƹƽŵƅţƄǁǄƇǆƃſƾǇǶͬǀŤǅǁǪͬƉƃſɑŤǄǃƼŤǀƄŧǆƄȡƃſ ł ǃȔƟǇƕǇƼƿɓţǆŬƉţǃŮƊǀţſƀɔƭƼǃŮƭǄƃſŬơŤƉǒƷưţƀŹūƀƼǃŧͬǄŤͽƎǀţſƇǆƃſ ƀƍƃɑţƄŧɒŨƉŤǁƼȺǁɔƼƅŏǂƀƍƿɔɔƢŭƌɔǪƅţǆͬƽƉƃƪţƀǄţƯƱźŭƄŧǂǆʭơƇǆƃſƿɓţ ͬƹɔƒźŭ ſƄͺƹƽơƫƢƕ ǐǒǘǓ ƄȔƂŮƼ ƀǁȔͬƼ ƻǄţƄƬ ţƃ ƻƹƢƼ ͬƒƒžŭ ˁ ǆ ͬŮɔƒžƍ ǂƀƽơƃǇƙǃŧŤǄƃǇƎȔƄɓŤƉƃſſǇŽƾʬŤƊƽǄƄɓŤƉŤŧǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſţƃƾţƄɓţƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſͬŽƄŧ ƿɓǇǀǆƶŤƢƬɑŤǄǂǇɔƍǆƀǀţſͬƼɑƄɔȡſŤɓͬǄſſŤɓƀƼŗƃŤȔŤǀɑŤǄƋǆƃɑƄɔȡƃŤȔǃŧƷɔƸſǃŧ ŏ ǐǒǘǙ ƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆŬžŨƍǇŽƀǀţſͬƼƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪǆɑƄɔȡſŤɓƯɔƽƢŭŰơŤŧţƃ ͬŭƃŤŨơǃŧǆŬƉţǃŮƊǀţſƄűŜƼͬƕŤɓƃƷšŤƊƼƷŹƃſţƃƻƹƢƼɑƃŤȔȺŧƄŶŭǆƈɓƃƀŭŬƭɔȔ ĹͬƼǂƃŤƍţƾŤǀŗͬƕŤɓƃſƄͺƹƽơǆƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪŤŧƻƹƢƼɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆƿɔŧƗŤŨŭƃţǃŧ ȹƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑȺƢƸŤƚƼnƾţǇǁơŤŧ ǐǒǗǖ ͬƽɓƄȔƌǄǆȉǪŴɓŤŮǀƀǁȔ ͬǀǇǁȔŬɔƢƕǆƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƿɔŧͬƉŤƉţūǆŤƭŭȹƀǁǄſƾŤƎǀmɒɓţƀŮŧţ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓ ŏɑƃǆŤǁƬ ɑŤǄǃƭƸŜƼ ƃſ ͬǀǇǁȔŬɔƢƕǆ ƃſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼ ǆ ŬƉţ ťǇƹƚƼ ŬɔƢƕǆ Ťŧ ƘƉǇŮƼ ŸƚƉ ƅţ ƄŮƽȔƈɓƃƀŭ ǆ ƋƅǇƼŗ ǆ ɑſƄͺƹƽơ ǆ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ŏƄƽƢƸţƺţſŤƼ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǓǗ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼ ɒŧŤɔƍƅƃţ ƃǇƞǁƼ ǃŧ ǐǒǗǔ ſţƅƄƬ ǆ ǂǆȉǪƌǀţſ ɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ƀǁŮƊǄ ūŤɔƹƴƃſǃƵǀŗƪʭŽƄŧǂƀƍͬƉƃƄŧƾŤƽƹƢƼǃƴŬƉţƄƼţƿɓţɑŤɓǇȡɒɓţƀŮŧţȹƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼ ɑƀŵɑŤǄɒɓŤƉƃŤǀͬŽƄŧŤŧƈɓƃƀŭƻǅƼɑţƆŵţƃſŤƼţŏƀǀƃţſƃǇŽƄŧɒŨƊǀūƃŤǅƼƅţƈɓƃƀŭ ɑŤǄƪƀǄƅţƄŮƽƴͬŭƃŤǅƼɑŤǄƪƀǄǃŧŏƇƃſƇʭƴͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄŬɔƸŤƢƬƃſƀǁŮƊǄǆƃǃŧǆƃ ƅţǆƀǁŮƊǄƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉɑŤǄǇͽƸţǃŧƀǁŨɓŤǪƅǇǁǄƾŤǀŗƄŲƴţƀǁǁȔͬƼǃŵǇŭͬƍƄȢǀǆͬƎǀţſ ƅţͬŽƄŧƃſƿɔǁǷƽǄƀǁǁȔͬƼǂſŤƭŮƉţƻƴͬƹɔŽūŤơʭƙţɑƃǆŤǁƬǆƮʭŽǆƶŤƢƬɑŤǄƋǆƃ ɑŤǄǃɓƄƞǀƃſǃƴǃƹŢƊƼƷŹƋǆƃǆƈɓƃƀŭƶŤƢƬɑŤǄǂǇɔƍƅţǂſŤƭŮƉţƀǁǀŤƼͬƉŤƉţɑŤǄǃŨǁŵ ͬƬŤƴǃŵǇŭŏŬƉţŷƄƚƼţƄȡǂƀǀƅŤƉͬƉŤǁƍƾţǆƃǆͬŮŽŤǁƍͬƉŤǁƍƾţǆƃƀǁǀŤƼͬƍƅǇƼŗƿɓǇǀ ƃſŏƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍ ǐǕ :ǑǙǐǖ ųŤƼƃǇȔƀǁǁȔͬƽǀ ǃŵǇŭŤŧǃȔŬƉţǂſţſƾŤƎǀǆǂſƄȔͬƉƃƄŧţƃͬƍƅǇƼŗȺƢƼŤŵƃſƄűŜƼūŤƊƉŜƼƅţͬͺɓƌƱǀ ƘɓţƄƍƀŵţǆƾŤƽƹƢƼƋƃǆƄǪƾǇǶͬŭŤɔŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼŏƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾſǇŧƃǇǅƝǇǀǃŧ ƄŧţƃƾŤǀţǇŵǇǀǆƾŤȔſǇȔŬɓţƀǄǃȔͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄŬɔƸŤƢƬǆƈɓƃƀŭƃſŸƸŤƑǆǂŤȡŗŏƋƅǇƼŗ ƾţſŤŮƉţǆŬƉţƺƅʬƀǁŮƊǄƋƃǆƄǪǆƋƅǇƼŗƺŤƞǀƪţƀǄţǃŧɒŧŤɔŮƉſƶǇŢƊƼǆƀǀƃţſǂƀǅơ ƃſƀǁǀţǇŮŧƄŮǅŧŤŭƀǁƍŤŧƃŤɔƊŧǆͬƬŤȔͬƹƽơǆͬƽƹơŬɔŹʭƑɑţƃţſƀɓŤŧǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƉƃƀƼǆ ɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑǆͬƹɔƒźŭȒƃţƀƼŏƄŮƎɔŧɑŤǄͬƉƃƄŧƃſƀǁǁȔƷƽơſǇŽɑŤǄƌƱǀ ƄŮƎɔŧ ūŤơʭƙţ ŦƊȔɑţƄŧ ǆ ǂſǇŧ ƆɔƼŗŬɔƱƬǇƼ ǆ ťǇŽ ƾŤƽƹƢƼ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆ ƅţ ƾŤƽƹƢƼ ͬƍƅǇƼŗͬŹţƄƙŏͬƉƃſɑŤǄǃƼŤǀƄŧƃſͬƽƹơɑŤǄͷɔǁȕŭǆŤǄƋǆƃƅţǂſŤƭŮƉţǆŤǅǀŗȹƃŤŧƃſ ƀǁǁȔƷƽơƾŗƇŤƉţƄŧǆǂſƄȔǂſŤƭŮƉţƃŤȔǆŦƊȔɑţƄŧŦƉŤǁƼƶƀƼƅţƀǁǀţǇŭĹͬƼƾŤƽƹƢƼ ɑſƄƬƋƅǇƼŗƄɔƊƼͬŹţƄƙƾţǇǁơŤŧͬƎǄǆȉǪƃſ ǔǑǒ :ǑǙǐǔ ƾţƃŤͺƽǄǆ ǇǀŤɓƅƫɓƄƍ ɒŧƄŶŭ ɑŤǄƃŤȔǃȔ ƀǀſţſ ƾŤƎǀ ͬŭŤơʭƙţ ŏͬƍƅǇƼŗ ƘɔźƼ ƘɓţƄƍ ƃſ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ŬɔŹʭƑ ƀɓƀŵɑŤǄŬɔƸŤƢƬǆŤǄƋǆƃȺƢƉǇŭŰơŤŧǆƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹȺƢƉǇŭŰơŤŧɑſƄͺƹƽơǆ ŬɔŹʭƑȺƢƉǇŭɑţƄŧͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄǃƼŤǀƄŧͬŹţƄƙƿɓţƄŧŤǁŧŔſǇƍͬƼƾŤƽƹƢƼƃŤȔƃſɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑţƄŧͬƽƊɔǀŤͺƼƀǁƼƅŤɔǀƄͽɓſͬơŤƽŮŵţȺƊƉŜƼƄǄƅţƌɔŧͬƸŤơƋƅǇƼŗƃſƻƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹ ǃȔŬƉţͬƍƅǇƼŗƘɔźƼƄƑŤǁơƾſƄȔǃƬŤƕţǆƀǁƽƬƀǄƄɔɔƦŭŏǃŮƬƄƎɔǪǆƺǆţƀƼŬɔƭɔȔſǇŨǅŧ ƀƍŤŧͬƍƅǇƼŗƻŮƊɔƉǆɑſƄƬɑŤǄǃƭƸŜƼſǇŨǅŧǆɑƃǆŗǇǀɑǆŤŹ ƌǄǆȉǪͬƉŤǁƍƋǆƃ ŬƧƧƉţƶƄƧƧŮǁȔǂǆƄƧƧȡŤƧƧŧƾǇƧƧƼƅŗƈǪŷƄƧƧƙƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţŤƧƧŧŏͬƧƧƎɓŤƼƅŗǃŨƍƄƧƧƕŤŹƌƧƧǄǆȉǪ www.SID.ir Archive of SID Ǔǘ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſͬŮɔŧƄŭƺǇƧƧƹơȺŮƧƧƍƃǐǒǘǐɑſǆƃǆƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſƅţƄƧƧƭǀǐǙǖţƃƾŗɑƃŤƧƧƼŗȺƧƧƢƼŤŵ ūƃǇƧƧƑǃŧƄƧƧƭǀǓǑŤƧƧǅǀŗƾŤƧƧɔƼƅţǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţǃƧƧɔƼǆƃţɒƧƧɓŤŨƙŤŨƙǃƼʭơƈƧƧɓſƄǪĹƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǑǐǆƀƧƧǀƀɓſƋƅǇƧƧƼŗƿƧƧɓǇǀſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃŤƧƧŧţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƾŤƧƧǀŗƅţƄƧƧƭǀǑǐ ƷƼŤƧƧƍͬƧƧƬſŤƒŭ ǂǆƄƧƧȡƃſƀǀƀƧƧƍťŤƧƧžŮǀţǃƧƧǀǇƽǀɑţƄƧƧŧ ƀƧƧǀƀɓſƋƅǇƧƧƼŗͬŮǁƧƧƉſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃŤƧƧŧţƃƾŗƄƧƧͽɓſƄƧƧƭǀ ƃǇƧƧźƼƌǄǆȉǪūƃǇƧƧƑǃŧţƃƿƧƧɓǇǀſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃŤƧƧŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƾŤƧƧƱƱźƼſǇƧƧŽŏƌƧƧɓŤƼƅŗ ɑŤƧƧǄŷǇƸƷƼŤƧƧƍͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗȺŮƧƧƊŧƅţŏſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃƿƧƧɓţƃſƀƧƧǀſƄȔƈƧƧɓƃƀŭƺƄƧƧŭͷɓƶǇƧƧƙƃſ ǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſɑƆƧƧȔƄƼƾŤƼƅŤƧƧƉɑǇƧƧƉƅţƾŗɑŤƧƧǄǂƃǆſƷƒƬƄƧƧƉǃƧƧȔƀƧƧƍǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗȹſƄƧƧƎƬ ͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗȺŮƧƧƊŧƿƧƧɓţɑƃŤŮƧƧƍǇǀɑţǇƧƧŮźƼſǇƧƧŧǂƀƧƧƍǃšţƃţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſɑţƄƧƧŧƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬ ĹǑŬƧƧɔƢưǇƼƫƧƧɔƑǇŭĹǐſǇƧƧŧƄƧƧɓƅƃţƄƧƧưǃŧƿƧƧɓǇǀɑƅƃǆƃŤȔȺƧƧƼŤǀƄŧɑŤǄƷƒƬƄƧƧƉƷƼŤƧƧƍ ɑŤƧƧǄͷɔǁȕŭƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţŤƧƧŧƷƧƧƼŚŭĹǒƘƧƧŧţǆƃǆŖţƆƧƧŵţɒɓŤƧƧƉŤǁƍŤƧƧŧŬƧƧɔƢưǇƼƅţƗŤŨǁŮƧƧƉţ ͷƧƧƽȔŤƧƧŧǆɒɓţƄƱŮƧƧƉţǆͬƧƧƉŤɔưƶʬƀŮƧƧƉţƅţǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţŤƧƧŧǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƿƧƧɔɔŨŭĹǓǆǂŤȢƧƧǀŗƄƧƧȡţ ƃŤƧƧǅǶɑţƄƧƧŧƋƃţƆƧƧȡƿƧƧɓǆƀŭĹǔǂƀƧƧƍǂƀǄŤƎƼŬƧƧɔƢưǇƼƃſſǇƧƧŵǇƼūţƀǁŮƧƧƊƼǆƀǄţǇƧƧƍ ɑƃţſţƃŤŮŽŤƧƧƉŏͬƧƧƭƙŤơŏͬƧƧͺɓƆɔƬŏͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗƀƧƧƢŧ ƃſƀƍƈɓƃƀŭƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţƄŧŬơŤƉǐǑǗƶǇƙƃſǒɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſţǇŮźƼƿɓţ ƺƄŭƶǇƙƃſǃȔͬŭţƃŤƞŮǀţſǆƀŹǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔȺƼŤǀƄŧƅţͬƹŃ ȔɑƄɓǇƒŭƺƄŭƟǆƄƍ ǃɔƼǆƃţƄǅƍɒɓŤŨƙŤŨƙǃƼʭơƈɓſƄǪƃſǘǑɑſǆƃǆŏɒɓţƀŮŧţƋƅǇƼŗȺŮƍƃƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƅţ ƈɓƃƀŭƋǆƃŏƻƹɔƬƌžǪŏǂŤȡƃŤȔɑƃţƆȡƄŧŤŧƆɔǀƺƄŭƶǇƙƃſǆƀƍƐžƎƼŏŬƍţſſǇŵǆ ƃſƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƷƒƬƄƉƺŤȡǃŧƺŤȡƋƅǇƼŗǆƇƃſƇʭȔͬƢưţǆŬɔƢưǇƼƃſ ƾŤɓŤǪƃſƀƍţƄŵţɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉƀǀǆƃƾŤƽǄƶƄŮǁȔǂǆƄȡƃſƀƍǃšţƃţǃŮƭǄƄǄ ǆƾǇƊƹɔǀſȺƼŤǁƎƉƄǪƇŤƉţƄŧƻƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑƾǇƼƅŗƈǪǂǆƄȡǆſƄǄƅţƺƄŭ ūƄͺɔƸɑţǃŨŭƃŴǁǪƫɔƙƃſǆŬƉţͬƸţŜƉǔǕȺƼŤǁƎƉƄǪƿɓţƀƍƂŽţ ǑǙǙǖ ȠǀţƄŮƉţ ƃſţƃƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑǃȔƀƍƻɔƞǁŭ ƻȔͬƹɔŽŏƻȔŏƘƉǇŮƼŏſŤɓƅŏſŤɓƅͬƹɔŽ ǆƀǀſƄȔƀɔɓŚŭƾŤƒƒžŮƼţƃǃƼŤǁƎƉƄǪɒɓţǇŮźƼǆɑƃǇƑɒɓţǆƃƀɔŶǁƉͬƼǃƭƸŜƼŬƭǄ ǃǀŤȡŬƭǄɑŤǄǃƭƸŜƼɑţƄŧƾŗƃţƀƱƼǃȔŔƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼŻŤŨǀǆƄȔɑŤƭƸŗƅţǂſŤƭŮƉţŤŧƾŗɒɓŤɓŤǪ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼŏǙǖǗƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪƄŧūƃŤƞǀŏǙǗǒͬƽƹƢƼƅŤɔǀƌɔǪɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŏǙǗǓƇƃſƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉŏǙǗǖͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧŏǙǗǘɑţǃƬƄŹ ǃŧǙǘǔǃƼŤǁƎƉƄǪƷȔɒɓŤɓŤǪǆƀƍ ǙǘǐƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţǆǙǗǑͬŮɔƒžƍ ƃſ ƷƱŮƊƼ ɑŤǄǂǆƄȡɑţƄŧ T ƾǇƼƅŗ ƅţ ƌǄǆȉǪ ɑŤǄǂſţſ ƷɔƹźŭǆǃɓƆŶŭ ɑţƄŧ ƀƼŗ ŬƉſ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǔǙ ūŤƞŹʭƼŬɓŤơƃƿƽƕƌǄǆȉǪƿɓţƃſŬƉţǂƀƍǂſŤƭŮƉţǐǘȺžƊǀspssƃţƆƬţƺƄǀƘɔźƼ ŬɓŤƕƃ Ťŧ ƌǄǆȉǪ ƃſ ŬȔƃŤƎƼ ŏɑƃţſƅţƃ ǆ ŤǄżƉŤǪ ƿŮƍţſǃȢǀ ǃǀŤƼƄźƼ ǃƹƽŵƅţ ͬưʭŽţ ŬƉţǃŮƬƄȡƺŤŶǀţƌǄǆȉǪƪţƀǄţƅţƷƼŤȔͬǄŤȡŗǆƾŤɓǇͽžƉŤǪȺǀţſţƅŗ ŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ɑƃţƂȡǂƄƽǀŏǂƀƧƧƍƻƧɔƞǁŭūƄƧƧͺɔƸɑţǃƧŨŭƃŴǁǪƫƧƧɔƙƇŤƧƧƉţƄƧƧŧǃƼŤǁƧƧƎƉƄǪǃƧƧȕǁɓţǃƧƧŧǃƧƧŵǇŭŤƧƧŧ ƃţƄƧƧư ǔ ŤƧƧŭ ǐ ƿƧƧɔŧɑţǃƧǁƼţſƃſŤƧƧǄǃƭƸŜƼƅţͷƧƧɓƄǄūţƄƧƧƽǀƷȔƆƧƧɔǀǆŤƧƧǄǃɓǇȡƅţͷƧƧɓƄǄ ŬƉţǂƀƧƧƍǃŨƧƧƉŤźƼ ɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ ǐ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſͬƽƹƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧͬƽƹƢƼɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ ǐ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǑǑ Ǒǒǖ ǓǙ ǒǖǐ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪ ͬƽƹƢƼ ǒǒǑ Ǒǐ ǂƀɓƀǀǂƃǆſ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŬźŭ ƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ŏ ǐ ƶǆƀŵ ŴɓŤŮǀ ǃŧ ǃŵǇŭ Ťŧ ƄŮƎɔŧ(M2= ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŬźŭƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţ(M1= ƄŧţƄŧǂǆƄȡǆſƿɔŧͬƽƹƢƼɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼtƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţ ŬƉţ ƃţſͬǁƢƼ ǙǔǙ>p ŸƚƉ ƃſ ǃȔǂſǇŧ ǙǙǑǑ ƄŧţƄŧ Ɔɔǀ ɑƃţſŤǁƢƼ ŸƚƉ ǆ Ǒǒǖ ƃſ ǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ͬƽƹƢƼ ɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪ ūƃŤǅƼ ŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼ Ƅͽɓſ ͬǀŤɔŧ ǃŧ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ɑƃǆƃŤȔ ƃſ ǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍ ſţƄƬţ ƅţ ƄŮǅŧ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ŬƉţ ͬŮǁƉ ƄŧūƃŤƞǀŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ Ǒ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ǔǐ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪƄŧūƃŤƞǀŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ Ǒ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǙ ǗǙǙǖ ǓǙ ǒǕǓ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄŧūƃŤƞǀ ŬƬƄƎɔǪ ǑǗǑ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ ƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŬźŭƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƿɔȢǀŤɔƼŏ Ǒ ƶǆƀŵŴɓŤŮǀǃŧǃŵǇŭŤŧ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔŬźŭƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţǃȔǂſǇŧ (M1= ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼ ŬƬƄƎɔǪƄŧūƃŤƞǀŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼtƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţƄŮƎɔŧ(M2= ŸƚƉƃſǃȔǂſǇŧ ǙǙǙǐ ƄŧţƄŧɑƃţſͬǁƢƼŸƚƉǆǗǙǙǖƄŧţƄŧǂǆƄȡǆſƿɔŧƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑţƄŵţŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼƄͽɓſͬǀŤɔŧǃŧŬƉţƃţſͬǁƢƼǙǙǐǙ>p ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſūƃŤƞǀūƃŤǅƼ łſǇŨǅŧŰơŤŧŏͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀ ŬƉţǂƀƍƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪƄŧǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſ ŬɔŹʭƑ Ƅŧ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ Ƈƃſ ƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ɑţƄŵţ ǒ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţ ƄűŜƼ ǃɔƼǆƃţ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ͬŮǁƉǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ ǒ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƼŗ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǐ ǒǕǒ ǓǙ ǒǖǑ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ǒǐǒ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ŬɔŹʭƑ ȺƭƸŜƼ ȹƄƽǀ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ŏ ǒ ƶǆƀŵ ŴɓŤŮǀ ǃŧ ǃŵǇŭ Ťŧ ūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţ (M1= ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ tƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţƄŮƎɔŧ(M2= ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ (ǙǙǙǐ ƄŧţƄŧɑƃţſͬǁƢƼŸƚƉǆǒǕǒƄŧţƄŧǂǆƄȡǆſūţƄƽǀȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼƄͽɓſͬǀŤɔŧǃŧŬƉţƃţſͬǁƢƼǙǙǐǙ>pŸƚƉƃſǃȔŬƉţ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǔǑ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ łſǇŨǅŧƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼ ŬƉţǃŮƍţſƄɔűŚŭǃɔƼǆƃţ ɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ Ǔ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſͬȡſŤƼŗǆ ƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ Ǔ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǙ ǓǗǘ ǓǙ ǒǕǑ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ͬȡſŤƼŗ ǑǗǓ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ ͬȡſŤƼŗ ǆ ɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ŬɔŹʭƑ ȺƭƸŜƼ ūţƄƽǀ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ŏ Ǔ ƶǆƀŵ ŴɓŤŮǀ ǃŧ ǃŵǇŭ Ťŧ ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ȹƃǆſ ƃſ ǂƀǁǁȔĹŬȔƄƍ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ͬŮǁƉ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ƃſ ǂƀǁǁȔĹŬȔƄƍ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ƅţ (M1= ǓǗǘƄŧţƄŧǂǆƄȡǆſūţƄƽǀȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼtƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţƄŮƎɔŧ (M2= ƾŤɔŧǃŧŬƉţƃţſͬǁƢƼǙǙǐǙ>pŸƚƉƃſǃȔŬƉţ ǙǙǙǙ ƄŧţƄŧɑƃţſͬǁƢƼŸƚƉǆ ͬȡſŤƼŗ ǆ ɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ Ƅŧ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ƅŧ ͬǁŮŨƼ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼ Ƅͽɓſ ſƃţſ ƄɔűŚŭ ǃɔƼǆƃţ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ ǔ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƇƃſƇʭȔ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧƇƃſƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉǆŬɓƄɓƀƼŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ ǔ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉǆ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǙ ǓǓǖ ǓǙ ǒǘ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ǆ ŬɓƄɓƀƼ ͬǄ ſƾ ŤƼ ƅ ŤƉ ǒǒ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ Ƈƃſ ƇʭȔ ƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉǆŬɓƄɓƀƼŬɔŹʭƑȺƭƸŜƼūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼŏ ǔ ƶǆƀŵŴɓŤŮǀǃŧǃŵǇŭŤŧ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ǔǒ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ (=ǒ0ǐǘ ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţƄŮƎɔŧǃȔ ǂſǇŧ ǃȔŬƉţƾŗƅţͬȔŤŹǂǆƄȡǆſūţƄƽǀȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼtƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţ ǒ0Ǒǒ ͬǀŤɔŧǃŧ ǙǙǐǙ>ǙǙǙǙ=a ;ǓǖǓ=t ſƃţſſǇŵǆɑƃţſŤǁƢƼƪʭŮŽţǂǆƄȡǆſūţƄƽǀƿɔŧ ͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉǆŬɓƄɓƀƼƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼƄͽɓſ ſƃţſƄɔűŚŭǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƇƃſƇʭȔ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ Ǖ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſͬŮɔƒžƍ ͬŮǁƉǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧƻƹƢƼͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ Ǖ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƋƅǇƼŗ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ ɑſţƅŗȺŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǙ ǓǗǕ ǓǙ ǓǑǑ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆ ͬŮɔƒžƍ ǒǔǗ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ ƻƹƢƼ ƻƹƢƼͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŬɔŹʭƑūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƀǄſͬƼƾŤƎǀ Ǖ ƶǆƀŵɑŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ƅţƄŮƎɔŧǆ(M1= ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍſţƄƬţ ƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţ(M2= ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍſţƄƬţūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼŸƚƉǆǓǗǕƄŧţƄŧǃƭƸŜƼƿɓţƃſǂǆƄȡǆſūţƄƽǀȺƊɓŤƱƼɑţƄŧǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼt ƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼƄͽɓſƾŤɔŧǃŧŬƉţƃţſͬǁƢƼǙǙǐǙ>pŸƚƉƃſǃȔǂſǇŧ ǙǙǙǙ ƄŧţƄŧ ͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆƄŧͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ſƃţſƄɔűŚŭǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ɑŤƱŭƃţŬɔŹʭƑƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃɑţƄŵţ ǖ ȺɔƕƄƬ ŬƉţƄűŜƼǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǔǓ ƋƅǇƼŗͬŮǁƉǆƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃͷɔȕƭŭǃŧƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗŬɔŹʭƑȺƊɓŤƱƼŴɓŤŮǀ ǖ ƶǆƀŵ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ŸƚƉ tƃţƀƱƼ Ⱥŵƃſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ſţƀƢŭ ƋƅǇƼŗſƄͺɓǆƃ ƄɔƦŮƼ ɑƃţſͬǁƢƼ ɑſţƅŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ǙǙǙǙ ǕǙǕ ǓǙ ǒǘǘ Ǒǐ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃ ƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗ ǒǒǖ Ǒǐ ͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃ ƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţŬɔŹʭƑȺƭƸŜƼūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ǖ ƶǆƀŵŴɓŤŮǀǃŧǃŵǇŭŤŧ ƄŧţƄŧ ǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔȹƃǆſƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƃſǂƀǁǁȔŬȔƄƍƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſūţƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţƄŮƎɔŧǆ (M1= ƄƞǀƅţǙǙǐǙ>pŸƚƉƃſǕǙǕƄŧţƄŧǂƀƍĹǃŨƉŤźƼtƃţƀƱƼŔŬƉţ (M2= ͬŮǁƉ ƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼͬǀŤɔŧǃŧŬƉţƃţſͬǁƢƼɑƃŤƼŗ ƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬ ǂŤͽƎǀţſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ƈɓƃƀŭ ǆ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑŤƱŭƃţ Ƅŧ ŏͬŮǁƉ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ǃƊɓŤƱƼ ſƃţſƄɔűŚŭǃɔƼǆƃţ ɑƄɔȡǃŶɔŮǀǆŰźŧ ƾſƄƧƧȔǃƧƧǁɓſŤǅǀŏƃǇƧƧƎȔͬƧƧƒƒžŭɑŤǄǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſǃƧƧƹƽŵƅţŏƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſͬƧƧƹƑţŬƸŤƧƧƉƃ ɑŤƧƧǄŤǁƢƼƃſǃƧƧǶƄȡmŬƧƧɔŹʭƑnŷʭƧƧƚƑţŔŬƧƧƉţƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſƃſͬƧƧƽƹƢƼŬƧƧɔŹʭƑ ǆƻƧƧɔƹƢŭȹƅǇƧƧŹƃſͬƧƧŮŹƾŗͬƧƧƼǇǅƭƼȺƧƧǁƼţſǆŬƧƧƉţǂƀƧƧƍǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţͬƧƧơǇǁŮƼǆſƀƧƧƢŮƼƃŤɔƧƧƊŧ ǐ ƄƧƧǁɓţǆƀƧƧǁǀŤƼͬƧƧǀŤƱƱźƼƃŤƧƧűŗƃſͬƧƧƽƹƢƼȺƧƧƬƄŹƃſƾŗͬƧƧƼǇǅƭƼȺƧƧǁƼţſŏŬƧƧƊɔǀŸƧƧƕţǆŬƧƧɔŧƄŭ ƷͺƧƧƎŮƼͬƧƧƽƹƢƼŬƧƧɔŹʭƑƄƧƧƼţƾŤƧƧƒƒžŮƼƄƧƧƞǀƅţŬƧƧƉţǂƀƧƧƍƿƧƧɔɔŨŭɒƧƧŧǇŽǃŧ ǑǙǙǐ ŬƧƧƱɔƱŹƃſŬƧƧƉŤǅǀŗƿƧƧɓƄŭƻǅƼƻƧƧƹƢƼͬƧƧơŤƽŮŵţƃŤƧƧŮƬƃǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţɒƧƧɓŤǄͬȡȉɓǆǃơǇƽŶƼƅţ ŏţǇƧƧŮźƼƌƧƧǀţſ ŤƧƧǄƌǀţſƟţǇƧƧǀţƺŤƧƧƽŭƅţƾſǇƧƧŧƃţſƃǇƧƧŽƄŧͬƧƧƽƹƢƼŬƧƧɔŹʭƑŦƧƧƊȔɑţƄƧƧŧn ƀƧƧǁǶƄǄŬƧƧƊɔǀͬƧƧƬŤȔ ǆɑƄƧƧɔȡſŤɓͬƧƧƉŤǁƎǀţǆƃƌƧƧǀţſŏŬƧƧɓƄɓƀƼƌƧƧǀţſŏɑȈǇƧƧȡţƀǪƌƧƧǀţſ ɑƃǆƄƧƧƕǆƻƧƧǅƼƗƄƧƧƍƌɔǪŦƧƧƸŤưƃſŏƾŗǃƧƧŧƾƀɔƧƧƉƃǆŬƧƧɔŹʭƑŦƧƧƊȔɑţƄƧƧŧŤƧƧǅǁɓţȺƧƧƽǄ ƘƧƧɔźƼƃſͬƧƧƹƽơƋƅǇƧƧƼŗǃƧƧŧŬƧƧɔŹʭƑƅţƾƀƧƧƍƃţſƃǇŽƄŧɑţƄƧƧŧŤƧƧǅǁɓţƃŤƧƧǁȔƃſŏŬƧƧƉţ ŬƧƧɔŧƄŭƃſƗƄƧƧƍƌɔǪƿƧƧɓţ ǐǑǗ :ǑǙǐǖŏƾǇƧƧƉƾſǇŧǆƃƀɓŤǁƧƧƍţ mŬƧƧƊǄƅŤƧƧɔǀƃŤȔ ſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃƄƧƧŧͬƧƧǁŮŨƼǃƧƧȔƀƧƧŮƬţͬƼƮŤƧƧƭŭţƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƃſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔͬƧƧƙƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſ ŬƧƧƉţǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹ 1 Weinert www.SID.ir Archive of SID ǔǔ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ɑƄɔȡſŤɓƘɓţƄƍǆƫɓƄƢŭƾŗƃſǃƴŬƉţɑƄɔȡſŤɓͬơǇǀǆͬǁǄƁͬƸŤơͬŮɔƸŤƢƬǃƹŢƊƼƷŹ ƀƼŤŶǀţͬƼǂƅŤŭūƃŤǅƼǆƌǀţſŦƊƴǃŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹɑƄɔȡſŤɓƿɓţƄŧŤǁŧŔƀǁƴͬƼţƀɔǪƮţƀƒƼ ǆ ͬƹŨư ɑŤǄǃŮƊǀţſ ǆ ūŤơʭƙţ ƅţ ǂſŤƭŮƉţ Ťŧ ǃȔ ƀǁȔͬƼ ͷƽȔſƄƬ ǃŧ ǃƹŢƊƼ ƷŹ ƀǁɓţƄƬ ƷŹ ǃŧ ǆ ſƄɔȡ ƃŤȔǃŧ Ɔɔǀ ƀɓƀŵ ɑŤǄŬɔƢưǇƼ ƃſ ţƃ ŤǄƌǀţſ ƿɓţ ŏſǇŽ ƿǄƁ ƃſ ſǇŵǇƼ ƷŹɑţƄŧǃȔͬŭǆŤƭŮƼɑŤǄƃŤͺǄţƃƾŤɔƼƅţſƄƬŏƘɓţƄƍƿɓţƃſƀǁȔƺţƀưţūʭͺƎƼǆƷšŤƊƼ ſƃţſͬƼƄŧƾŤɔƼƅţţƃƠǀŤƼǆƀǁȔͬƼťŤžŮǀţţƃƿͺƽƼȺǁɓƆȡƿɓƄŮǅŧŏſƃţſſǇŵǆǃƹŢƊƼͷɓ ɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţƄŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţƌǄǆȉǪƿɓţƃſ ǃŵǇŭ Ťŧ ŬƉţ ǂƀƍ ͬƉƃƄŧ ǃɔƼǆƃţ Ƅǅƍ ɒɓŤŨƙŤŨƙǃƼʭơ ƈɓſƄǪ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ǂſƄȔƀɔȔŚŭƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţŬɔƽǄţǃŧǃȔƌǄǆȉǪɑƄƞǀťǇǶƃŤǶǃŧ ţƃ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ ǃȔͬǀŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſ ŏƌǄǆȉǪ ƿɓţ ƅţ ƷƑŤŹ ŴɓŤŮǀ ǃŧ ǃŵǇŭ Ťŧ ǆ ŬƉţ ŬƬƄƎɔǪ Ƅŧ ūƃŤƞǀ ŏͬƽƹƢƼɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪ ƀƢŧ ƃſ ŏƀǀſǇŧ ǂƀɓſƋƅǇƼŗ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ƃſ ƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉǆŬɓƄɓƀƼŏͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧŏɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼŏƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ǃƊɓŤƱƼƃſţƃɑƄŮǅŧŴɓŤŮǀƈɓƃƀŭǆƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţǆƻƹƢƼͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŏƇƃſ ƪʭŮŽţƄɓſŤƱƼͬƉƃƄŧƀǀţǂſƄȔŦƊȔͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔǂſƃǆſͬǀŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſŤŧ ɑŤǄǃƭƸŜƼ ƿɔŧ ƪʭŮŽţ ŦɔŭƄŭ ƀǄſͬƼ ƾŤƎǀ ǂƀƍǃŨƉŤźƼ T ƃţƀƱƼ ǆ ǂǆƄȡ ǆſ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪūƃŤǅƼŬƉţƄɓƅūƃǇƑǃŧ ͷǶǇȔǃŧȟƃƆŧƅţ ƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑ ŏͬȡſŤƼŗ ǆ ɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ŏɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ŏƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ŬƬƄƎɔǪ Ƅŧ ūƃŤƞǀ ŏͬƽƹƢƼ ƿɔǁǷƽǄ ƈɓƃƀŭ ǆ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑŤƱŭƃţ ŏͬŮɔƒžƍ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆ ŏƇƃſ ƇʭȔͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉ ƿɔȢǀŤɔƼƅţƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧǂƀɓſƋƅǇƼŗƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑͬƹȔȹƄƽǀƿɔȢǀŤɔƼ ƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼŦɔŭƄŭƿɓƀŧſǇŧƄŮƎɔŧͬŮǁƉſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ǃɔƼǆƃţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſͬƽƹƢƼɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪūƃŤǅƼƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃ ͬƙƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſǃȔͬǀŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆŬƉţǃŮƍţſɑƃţƂȡƄɔűŚŭƿɓƄŮƎɔŧ ƟţǇǀţȺǁɔƼƅƃſƌǀţſŏƟǇƕǇƼǃŧƷƼŤȔƘƹŃ ƊŭŏƻɔǄŤƭƼƶŤƱŮǀţɑţƄŧͬƼʭȔɒɓŤǀţǇŭƅţŏƀǁǁȔͬƼ ͬƙƿɓǇǀȹǇɔƍǃŧţƃǂƃǆſƿɓţǃȔƀǀƃţſƃǇŽƄŧͬǀŤǀŗǃŧŬŨƊǀǇŵǆŬƊŵɑţƄŧͬŭŤơʭƙţƠŧŤǁƼ ƾţǇŭͬƼƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪƄŧūƃŤƞǀͬǁƢɓƄƕŤŹƌǄǆȉǪƺǆſȺƭƸŜƼȹƃŤŧƃſƀǀţǂſƄȕǀ ǆƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſƄŮƎɔŧūƃŤƞǀŰơŤŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡ ƀǁǁȔͬƼǃšţƃţƿƍǆƃͬǀŤŧƅŤŧţƃƫɔƸŤȕŭƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſƿɓţǆŬƉţǂƀƍƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪ ƄƞǀƃſſǇŽƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŬƬƄƎɔǪŸƚƉǆŤǄƅŤɔǀŤŧŦƉŤǁŮƼţƃſǇŽƫɔƸŤȕŭǆƋƅǇƼŗǆ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǔǕ ƀǀƄɔȡͬƼǂƄǅŧƾŤǀŗɑƄɔȡſŤɓƃſƟǇǁŮƼɑŤǄƋǆƃƅţǆƀǀƄɔȡͬƼ ƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŏƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼȺƭƸŜƼƃſ ſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſǃȔͬǀŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆŬƉţǂſǇŧƃţƂȡƄűţƆɔǀǃƭƸŜƼƿɓţƄŧǃƹŢƊƼ ɑſŤɓƅ Ƅȕƭŭ ūƃƀư ƅţ ƈɓƃƀŭ ɑŤǄƀƼŤɔǪ ƿɓƆͽɓŤŵ ɑŤǄƋǆƃ ȹƃŤŧƃſ ŏƀǁǁȔͬƼ ͬƙ ƿɓǇǀ ͬƽƹơɑŤǄŬɔƸŤƢƬƃſŏƀǀƃţſǃƉƃƀƼɒɓţƄŵţƷƼţǇơǆŖŤɔƸǆţŤŧǃǀŤƼƄŮźƼɑƃŤŮƬƃŏƀǀƃţſƃǇŽƄŧ ŤŧƀǀƃţſŬŽŤǁƍſǇŽƷƽơſǇŨǅŧƃǇƞǁƼǃŧͬƽƹơūʬǇźŭƿɓƄŽŗƅţǆƀǁǁȔͬƼŬȔƄƍ ͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſŬƭȡƾţǇŭͬƼŏͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧȺƭƸŜƼƃſƷƑŤŹŴɓŤŮǀǃŧǃŵǇŭ ǃȔͬǀŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆſƃţſƄɔűŚŭƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧ ƄƑŤǁơƿɔŧƗŤŨŭƃţǆͬƍƅǇƼŗͬŹţƄƙƃſŏƀǁǁȔͬƼͬƙƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ͬǄſƾŤƼƅŤƉ ǆ ŬɓƄɓƀƼ ȺƭƸŜƼ ƃſ ƿɔǁǷƽǄ ƀǀƃţſƃǇŽƄŧ ɑƃŤɔƊŧ ūƃŤǅƼ ƅţ ͬƉƃſ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ƇƃſǃȔͬǀŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆŬƉţƃţƂȡƄɔűŚŭƆɔǀǃƭƸŜƼƿɓţƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƆɔǀƇƃſƇʭȔ ǆſǇŽƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſŤŧƷƼŤƢŭŏɑƄɔȡſŤɓͬŹţƄƙƃſŏƀǁǁȔͬƼͬƙƿɓǇǀſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧţƃɑƅƃǆƃŤȔ ƀǀƃţſɑƄŭſŤɓƅɒɓŤǀţǇŭƷšŤƊƼƷŹƀǀǆƃƃſƻƞǀɑƃţƄưƄŧ ƅţ ͬȔŤŹ ŏƈɓƃƀŭ ǆ ƋƅǇƼŗ ɑŤƱŭƃţ ǆ ͬŮɔƒžƍ ɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆ ȺƭƸŜƼ ƃſ ŤǄǃŮƬŤɓ ŴɓŤŮǀ ƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţǆͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆƄŧǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄŧͬǁŮŨƼɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƄɔűŚŭ ŰơŤŧ ǆ ƀǁǁȔͬƼ ͬƙ ƿɓǇǀ ſƄͺɓǆƃ Ťŧ ţƃ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſ ǃȔſƃţſ ͬǀŤɓǇŶƎǀţſ ƈɓƃƀŭ ǆ ŏͬǄǆƄȡɑŤǄƃŤȔƺŤŶǀţƃſƾŤǀŗŤŧƷƼŤƢŮƼǆƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſǇǀƀɓŤƱơƷƽźŭŏͬƬŤȔƈƭǀǃŧſŤƽŮơţ ƾŤǀŗ ƃſ ǆ ɑſŤƱŮǀţ Ƅȕƭŭ ɑŤǄɑȉŭţƄŮƉţ ŏƈɓƃƀŭ ƿɓǇǀ ǆ ƟǇǁŮƼ ɑŤǄſƄŨǄţƃ ƅţ ǂſŤƭŮƉţ ƃſƌǄǆȉǪɑŤǄǃƭƸŜƼǃŧŤĽ ƽɔƱŮƊƼǃȔƀƎǀŬƬŤɓͬƱɔƱźŭŏƿɔƎɔǪɑŤǄƌǄǆȉǪƃſſǇƍͬƼ ŏɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄŬɔƸǇŢƊƼ ŏƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſ ŬƬƄƎɔǪ Ƅŧ ūƃŤƞǀ ŏͬƽƹƢƼ ɑŤǄƅŤɔǀƌɔǪ ūƃŤǅƼ ǆƋƅǇƼŗɑŤƱŭƃţŏͬŮɔƒžƍɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆŏƇƃſƇʭȔͬǄſĹƾŤƼƅŤƉŏͬȡſŤƼŗǆɑƆɓƃǃƼŤǀƄŧ ŏ ǑǙǐǖ ʭɔƽƸŤƉŏ ǑǙǐǖ ųŤƼƃǇȔɑŤǄƌǄǆȉǪŴɓŤŮǀŏƶŤŹƿɓţŤŧŔƀƍŤŧǃŮŽţſƄǪ ƈɓƃƀŭ ŏ ǑǙǐǒ ƿɔǀŤǁǄƃŏ ǑǙǐǓ ͬǁɓƄƹƍŏ ǑǙǐǔ ƿɓƀƸƆɓţǆţǇɔȔƶŗŏ ǑǙǐǔ ǇǀŤɓƅƫɓƄƍ ŏ ǐǘǗǖ ƾţǇŮƉţ ǆ ƷǷǀ ŏ ǐǘǘǗ ƀƸǇǀƃŗ ǆ ƿǁȔŏ ǑǙǐǐ ţǇͺƎƸŤŧ ŏ ǑǙǐǑ ǇɔƸŤͺɔŧ ƃǇƙ ǃŧ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƬǆƄƢƼ ǆ ǐǒǘǓ ƄȔƂŮƼ ŏ ǐǒǘǓ ͬƸƀơ ŏ ǐǒǘǔŏǐǒǘǓ ͬƍǆƄŽ ƄŧǆƀǁŮƊǄǇƊƽǄƄƕŤŹƯɔƱźŭŴɓŤŮǀŤŧǆƀǀǇƍͬƼƗǇŧƄƼƯɔƱźŭƟǇƕǇƼǃŧƻɔƱŮƊƼƄɔƥ ſƃţſǂƃŤƍţƫƹŮžƼſŤƢŧţƃſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃƄɔűŚŭ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ǔǖ ɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƋƅǇƼŗƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃͬƎžŧƄűţ ɑſƄŧƃŤȔɑŤǄſŤǅǁƎɔǪ ƻƧƧƹƢƼŬƧƧɔŧƄŭƆƧƧȔţƄƼƅţǆŬƧƧƉŤǪǇǀͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſǃƧƧȔƿɓţǃƧƧŧǃƧƧŵǇŭŤƧƧŧĹǐ ͬǄŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƻŮƧƧƊɔƉŤƧƧŧɑƄɔȡƷͺƧƧƍƶŤƧƧŹƃſǆǂſţſŬƧƧɔƢƕǆƄƧƧɔɔƦŭǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſǃƧƧŧƯŧŤƧƧƉ ƃſƾŤƧƧƽƹƢƼɑţǃƧƧƬƄŹȺƢƧƧƉǇŭƃſƄƧƧűŜƼɑŤǄǂǇɔƧƧƍŤƧƧŧɒɓǇƧƧƊƽǄƀƧƧǁɓţƄƬƿƧƧɓţƃſǆŬƧƧƉţ ŏƀƧƧƍŤŧƀƧƧƼŗƃŤȔͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗɑŤƧƧǄǃƼŤǀƄŧɑţƄƧƧŵţɑŤƧƧƎͽǄţƃƀƧƧǀţǇŭͬƼŤƧƧɔǀſͬƧƧƍƅǇƼŗɑŤƧƧǄƺŤƞǀ ƌƧƧǄǆȉǪɑţƄƧƧŧǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƿƧƧɓţƃſūŤƧƧƙŤŨŭƃţǆūŤƧƧơʭƙţɑŤƧƧǄɑƃǆŤǁƬǃƧƧȔŬƧƧƉţƿƧƧɓţſŤǅǁƧƧƎɔǪ ƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſǆſǇƧƧƍƯŧŤƧƧƉƅţƄŮƧƧƎɔŧƾŤɓǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƷšŤƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹǆɑƄȡǇŶŮƧƧƊŵǆ ƀǁƧƧƍŤŧǃŮƧƧƍţſţƃƺƅʬͬǀŤŨɔŮƧƧƎǪ ŏƇƃţƀƧƧƼƾţƄƧƧɓƀƼŏƾţſŤŮƧƧƉţͬƧƧƼŤƽŭɑţƄƧƧŧŤǄƾŤŮƧƧƉţƆƧƧȔţƄƼƃſƿƧƧɓǇǀɑƅƃǆƃŤȔɑŤƧƧǄǂƃǆſĹǑ ſǇƧƧƍţƄƧƧŵţŤƧƧǄƈɓſƄǪɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƾŤƧƧƽƹƢƼŤƧƧƽǁǄţƃ ƾŤƧƧɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƧƧƎǀţſƃſͬƧƧƎǄǆȉǪǆͬƧƧƹƽơɑŤƧƧǄūƃŤǅƼƅţƄŮƧƧƎɔŧǃǶƄǄɑƀƧƧǁƼǂƄǅŧɑţƄƧƧŧĹǒ ǃƹŢƧƧƊƼƷƧƧŹſƄƧƧͺɓǆƃǃƧƧŧƘƹƧƧƊƼſǇƧƧŽǃƧƧȔͬƧƧǀŤƽƹƢƼŤƽǁǄţƃƅţƇƃţƀƧƧƼƃſǆťƄˁ ƧŶƼƾţſŤŮƧƧƉţƅţ ſǇƍǂſŤƭŮƧƧƉţŏƀǁŮƧƧƊǄɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƇƃſƃſ ǆƀƧƧƍŤŨǀƃţſƃǇƧƧŽƄŧƇƃţƀƧƧƼǃƧƧŧƐƧƧŮžƼƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƧƧƎǀţſɑţƄƧƧŧɑƅƃǆƃŤȔȹƃǆſͬƧƧƙĹǓ ł ƀƧƧƍŤŧƃŤȔŬƧƧɓǇƸǆţƃſƻƧƧǄǃƧƧɓŤǪƀǁǶǆɒɓŤŮƧƧƉǆƃƇƃţƀƧƧƼ ƠŧŤǁƼ ȉɔɓŗƾţƄǅŭƈɓƃƀŭƿɓǇǀɑŤǄƋǆƃ ǐǒǘǓ ƺƄźƼŏǂſţƅŤưŗ ȹƃŤƽƍŏǐȹƃǆſƃǇȕƬƻƹƢƼŬŧƄŭȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmǃŧƄŶŭŬɔǄŤƼͬƉƃƄŧn ǐǒǘǓ ǃŮƍƄƬŏͬǁɔƊŹƶŗ.ǐǓĹǒ :ǐ ƃǇȕƬƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƃǇȕƬƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭƃſƾŗŬɔƽǄţǆƷƼˁ ŚŭſŤƢŧţn ǐǒǘǓ ǃǀţƅƄƬŏͬǀŤƼţ ǒǖĹǔǑ :ǐȹƃŤƽƍŏǐȹƃǆſ ȺƼŤǀƄŧƃſǃǀţƃǇȕƬɑƅƃǆƃŤȔƄɔűŚŭͬƉƃƄŧn ǐǒǘǔ ŤƕƃƀƽźƼŏǃƢƽŵƺŤƼţǆƻƞơţŏŤǀţǇŭɑƀɔƎƽŵ ȺƼŤǀƄŧ ɑŤǄƌǄǆȉǪ ȺƹŶƼ mƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍƀƍƃƄŧ ƻƹƢƼ ŬɔŧƄŭ ͬƉƃſ.ǑǙĹǐ :ǐȹƃŤƽƍŏǕȹƃǆſͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧūŤƢƸŤƚƼƿƽŶǀţŏͬƉƃſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑͬƉƃƄŧn ǐǒǘǔ ǂƄǄƅŏͬƎɓƀǀǆɑƀƽźƼǆƾţƃǇǪŏͬƍǆƄŽ ͬƒƒžŭͬƽƹơȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƾŤǅƭƑţƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſǆƾŤƉƃƀƼǂŤȡƀɓſƅţ.ǔǘĹǓǓ :ǑȹƃŤƽƍŏǑȹƃǆſŏƻƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹȺƢƉǇŭ www.SID.ir Archive of SID ͬǄŤͽƍƅǇƼŗǆͬƍƅǇƼŗūŤƢƸŤƚƼͬƎǄǆȉǪĹͬƽƹơǃƼŤǁƹƒƬǆſ ǔǗ ǆƈɓƃƀŭǆƻƹƢƼɑŤǄͬȡȉɓǆƿɔŧȺƚŧţƃͬƉƃƄŧn ǐǒǘǙ ͬƖŭƄƼŏƾŤɔƭɔƚƸǆŤŨɓƄƬŏŬžŨƍǇŽ ĹǗǔ :ǕȹƃŤƽƍŏǑȹƃǆſŏƄƑŤƢƼͬƉŤǁƍƾţǆƃȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƾţƅǇƼŗƌǀţſͬƕŤɓƃſƄͺƹƽơ.ǘǖ mɒɓţƀŮŧţȹƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄūƃŤǅƼɒŧŤɔƍƅƃţn ǐǒǗǔ ǃʓƸţͬƸǆŏſţƅƄƬǆţƄǄƅŏǂǆȉǪƌǀţſ.ǐǖǙĹǐǒǔ :ǐǗȹƃŤƽƍŏǔȹƃǆſŏͬƍƅǇƼŗɑŤǄɑƃǆŗǇǀȺƼŤǁƹƒƬ ƆȔţƄƼƾŤɓǇŶƎǀţſɑţǃƬƄŹūƃŤǅƼɑŤƱŭƃţn ǐǒǘǓ ǃʓƸţŬƽƢǀŏƃǇǪͬƉǇƼǆƈŵƄǀŏɑƃŤȢŮƉƃ ƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƾŤǅǁǪͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧŦƸŤưƃſɑƄǁǄŬɔŧƄŭƄŧƀɔȔŚŭŤŧƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭ.ǖǗĹǕǖ :ǐȹƃŤƽƍŏǐȹƃǆſŏƃǇȕƬ ɒŧŤɔƍƅƃţƃſǃƹŢƊƼƷŹſƄͺɓǆƃŬƊŧƃŤȔn ǐǒǘǓ ŦƉŤƽǅƙŏͬƉǆŤȔǆŤƕƃƿƊŹŏɑſŤŧŗƿɓƃƅ ŏǓƶŤƉŏŤǄƾŤƼƅŤƉƋƅǇƼŗƄŧŬɓƄɓƀƼȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmͬƸŤơƋƅǇƼŗƃſͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧŬɔƭɔȔ.ǐǕǐĹǐǑǖ :ǐȹƃŤƽƍ ĹͬǄǆȉǪƇƃſĹͬǄǆȉǪŬɓţǆƃ ƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹȺƢƉǇŭƿɓǇǀɑŤǄǇͽƸţn ǐǒǘǔ ţƄǄƅŏɑƃƀƭƑ ǂŤͽƎǀţſŏƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſŏƾŤǅƭƑţŏƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭͬƹƼƌɓŤƽǄƿɔƼǆſŏ ͬǄǆȉǪƺţƀưţ.ǐǙǖ_&3+(ǙǑĹKWWSVZZZFLYLOLFDFRP3DSHU&3+(ǙǑ ƾŤǅƭƑţ. html ͬŶǁƉƃŤŨŮơţǆɒɓŤƉŤǁƍn ǐǒǘǒ ͬƹơƺʭƥŏͬǀŤɔƹƉǇɓǆǃɔƚơŏͬƹȔǇŭɑǇŵſţſŔƾȉɔŧŏͬǅƸţƀŨơ ŏǐǒ ȹƃǆſ ŏͬƍƅǇƼŗ ɑŤǄɑƃǆŗǇǀ ȺƼŤǁƹƒƬ mƌžŧƄűţ ƾŤƽƹƢƼ ɑţǃƬƄŹ ɑŤǄͬȢŮƊɓŤƍ.ǓǗĹǑǔ :ǐ ȹƃŤƽƍ ƻƹƢƼŬɔŧƄŭȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmpckſƄͺɓǆƃŤŧƻƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹŬɔŹʭƑɑŤƱŭƃţn ǐǒǘǓ ŤŨɓƄƬŏͬƸƀơ.ǗǖĹǖǘ :ǐȹƃŤƽƍŏǐȹƃǆſƃǇȕƬ ȺɓƄƎǀ mͬȢǀǇͽǶ ǆ ͬȢǀǇȡƀǁǶ ŏͬŮƊɔǶ ƻƹƢƼ ƋƅǇƼŗn ǐǒǘǔ ūţſŤƊƸţǃŧǇŨźƼ ŏɒɓţƀŽƀȔ.ǓǓĹǑǖ :ǒ ȹƃŤƽƍ ŏǑ ȹƃǆſ ƾŤƽƹƢƼ ŬɔŧƄŭ ƿɓǇǀ ɑŤǄſƄŨǄţƃ ǆŬɓƄɓƀƼȺƼŤǁƹƒƬɒɓţƀŮŧţȹƃǆſƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑȺƢƸŤƚƼ ǐǒǗǖ ŤŨɓƄƬŏͬƽɓƄȔ.ǐǕǕĹǐǔǐ :ǓȹƃŤƽƍŏǑȹƃǆſͬƍƅǇƼŗɑƄŨǄƃ.(ǐǒǘǕ ŤƕƃƀƽźƼ ŏͬƹɔǀ ǆ ͬƹơ ŏƃǆʬſ ŔƷɔơŤƽƉţ ŏͬȔƃţǆƅ ͬơƃţƅ ŔǃƸţŬŶŹ ŏͬƉŤƽƸţ ȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƄƹɓŤŭƶƀƼƇŤƉţƄŧƾŤɔȢǁǄƄƬǂŤͽƎǀţſƃſǓɑƅƃǆƃŤȔͬƉƃſȺƼŤǀƄŧɒŧŤɔƍƅƃţn.ǑǓĹǐ :ǐ ȹƃŤƽƍ ǔ ƶŤƉ ͬǄǆȉǪƈɓƃƀŭ ͬƎǄǆȉǪͬƽƹơ ƃſͬƽɔƍƋƅǇƼŗƿɓǇǀɑŤǄƋǆƃͬŽƄŧƄŧɑƃǆƄƼn ǐǒǘǓ ƾŤƊŹţŏŬŽƀƕǇơǆƾŤƽɓţŏƄȔƂŮƼ.ǐǘĹǐǑǑȹƃŤƽƍŏǐȹƃǆſǃɓŤǪƋƅǇƼŗƃſƌɓǇǪȺƼŤǁƹƒƬmƾŤŮƉƄɔŧſ ǆͬƼǇƽơƋƅǇƼŗƾŤƽƹƢƼɑţǃƬƄŹɑŤǄŬɔŹʭƑn ǐǒǗǗ ŤŨɓƄƬŏͬƽɓƄȔǆͬƭƚƒƼŏͬƼŤǁͺɔǀ 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Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 159: 457-467. %XNDOL\D5 $VVHVVLQJWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIVWXGHQWUHSUHVHQWDWLYHFRXQ- cils in open and distance learning: a case for Zimbabwe in open univer- sity. International journal on new trends in education.and their impli- FDWLRQV %XNDOL\D5 7KHSRWHQWLDOEHQHILWVDQGFKDOOHQJHVRILQWHUQVKLSSUR- JUDPVLQDQ2'/LQVWLWXWLRQDFDVHIRUWKH=LPEDEZHRSHQXQLYHUVLW\ International journal on new trends in education and.their implications, 'DP*7DQG 9RORPDQ0 &ULWLFDO WKLQNLQJ DV D FLWL]HQVKLS FRPSH- tence: teaching strategies.Learning and Instruction, 14,359-379. 'HDQ&%+XEEHOO(53LWOHU+ 6WRQH%- &ODVVURRPLQ- struction that works: Research-based strategies for increasing student achievement. Ascd (SVWHLQ05 +XQGHUW0( 'HILQLQJDQGDVVHVVLQJSURIHVVLRQDO FRPSHWHQFH -$0$ -DQXDU\ *URHQHQGLMN 7 H 7KH HIIHFW RI REVHUYDWLRQDO OHDUQLQJ RQ VWXGHQWVC performance, processes and motivation in two creative domains. 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