Earth Science 2nd Quarter Reviewer PDF

EARTH SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER REVIEWER Geomorphic processes modify landscapes over time through various physical and chemical actions that reshape the Earth’s surface. Deposition process involves the laying down of materials in new locations. Transp...

EARTH SCIENCE 2ND QUARTER REVIEWER Geomorphic processes modify landscapes over time through various physical and chemical actions that reshape the Earth’s surface. Deposition process involves the laying down of materials in new locations. Transportation in geomorphic processes is the movement of eroded materials by agents such as water, wind or ice. Erosion primarily involves removing soil and rock from one location and transporting it to another. Weathering refers to the breakdown of rocks into smaller particles. Energy from within the Earth is the primary source of energy driving endogenic geomorphic processes. The release of energy during earthquakes is associated with seismic activity. Endogenic geomorphic processes primarily affect the Earth’s surface by causing significant geological changes such as earthquakes and volcanic eruptions. Primordial Heat - is the residual (leftover) heat from accretion and bombardment of the Earth during its early stages of formation. Radioactive Heat - is heat generated by the long-term radioactive decay brought about by the disintegration of natural reactive elements. Lava- is the semi-hot molten rocks found on the surface when a volcano erupt. Instability in the atomic nuclei of the elements causes the disintegration of radioactive isotopes. Viscosity - is a critical property of fluids that describes their resistance to flow. Volcanism - It refers to the processes and phenomena associated with the eruption of molten rock (magma) onto the surface of a planetary body. Volcanic Igneous Rocks - type of rocks usually formed when low viscous magma turned into lava when it cools down on the surface of the Earth. Plutonic Igneous Rocks - type of rocks usually formed when low viscous magma crystallizes below the Earth’s crust. Mechanical weathering - it is the breakdown of rocks into pieces without any change in its composition. Chemical weathering - it is the reaction between the rocks and/or its minerals that reacts with chemical agents that causes the rock to form substances that have different chemical properties from the original rocks. Mass wasting - refers to the large mass of earth materials being moved by gravity along a slope. Divergent Boundary - type of plate boundary is formed when two tectonic plates move away from each other. Deep ocean trench - a geological feature is typically associated with a convergent boundary where an oceanic plate meets a continental plate. Convection current - is the main driving force behind the movement of tectonic plates. Tension - type of stress is primarily associated with divergent boundaries. Reverse fault - type of fault is formed as a result of compressional stress at a convergent boundary. Earthquakes are geological events most commonly associated with the transform boundaries. German meteorologist Alfred Wegener is the person who develops the Theory of Plate Tectonics in the form of continental drift. Pangaea - was the name of the supercontinent proposed by Alfred Wegener. Panthalassa - was the super-ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea. The 3 Tectonic Plate Boundaries - Transform, Convergent, and Divergent Evidences that supports the Continental drift theory. I. Shape of the continents that fit together like puzzle pieces. II. Same fossils but found in different continents. III. Rock evidence IV. Glacial Scars V. Location of coal deposits Convergent Boundary - this occurs when plates move towards each other and collide. The collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate that is forming the Himalayas is an example of this type of plate motion. Pacific Ring of Fire - is the most seismically and volcanically active zone in the world. Stress - the amount of force placed on something? Transform Boundary - when two tectonic plates slide past each other. The San Andreas Fault is one of the best examples of lateral plate motion. Convergent Boundary - this occurs when plates move towards each other and collide. The collision between the Eurasian Plate and the Indian Plate that is forming the Himalayas is an example of this type of plate motion. Faults - one of the products of deformation and it is a fracture in bedrock along which rocks on one side have moved relative to the other side and these are caused by shear force.  Paleozoic - Mesozoic - geological periods did Panthalassa occupy nearly 70% of Earth’s surface. Antonio Snider-Pellegrini - is the first scientist to publish maps depicting the apparent fit of continents. GOOD LUCK and GOD BLESS ON YOUR EXAM:) PREPARED BY: MS. JENELOU D. JONDON