2nd Quarter Reviewer PDF

**Major Genres** 1. **PROSE --** derived from the Latin expression ***prosa oratio*** which means straightforward or direct speech. **PROSE** **POETRY** ----------------------------------------------------------- --------------------------...

**Major Genres** 1. **PROSE --** derived from the Latin expression ***prosa oratio*** which means straightforward or direct speech. **PROSE** **POETRY** ----------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Everyday writing. Expressing something special in an artistic way. The language is straightforward. Language is more expressive. Ideas are contained in sentences arranged into paragraph. Lines are arranged in stanzas. No line breaks Uses line breaks. First word is capitalized. Traditionally, first letter is capitalized but many modern poets chose not to Looks like large blocks of words. The shape depends on line length and the intent of the poet. 2. **POETRY --** derived from the Greek ***poiesis*** which means "to make." **KINDS OF PROSE:** **FORM OF PROSE** 1. **Historical Prose-** prose deals with historical events. 2. **Scientific Prose-** deals with subject science. 3. **Satirical Prose-** ridicules the vices and follies of men. 4. **Current Publications-** books, magazines or newspapers. 5. **Literary Criticism-** analysis of literary works. 6. **Book Review-** an article dealing with the contents of a book. 7. **Philosophy-** deals with processes governing thought and conduct. 8. **Travel-** written account of trips. 9. **Parody-** imitation of another author's work which ridicule is the main objective. 10. **Anecdote-** a brief narrative concerning a particular individual. **DRAMA:** a composition in [verse](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/verse#h1) or [prose](https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/prose#h1) intended to portray life or character or to tell a story usually involving conflicts and emotions through action and dialogue and typically designed for theatrical performance, the word drama means "action" in Greek. **TYPES OF DRAMA** **COMEDY** are usually humorous plays. **FARCE** is a type of broad comedy. It depends less on a narrative storyline and more on physical humor, sight gags, silly jokes **OPERAS** are dramas in which the characters sing each line rather than speaking. The entire production is set to a musical score. **MELODRAMAS** tell a serious story in serious ways. **MUSICAL DRAMA** Opera and Musical Drama can easily be put into the same category. **TRAGEDY** just from the word tragedy, you can assume that the ending will be sad. But there is more to a tragedy than a play with no happy ending. **TRAGICOMEDIES** are more complex than a drama with a few jokes, or a comedy with a serious scene. **LITERARY GENRES** 1\. Illustrated Novel -- Story though text and illustrated images. 2\. Digi-Fiction -- Triple media Literature. Combines three media: book, movie/video and internet website. 3\. Graphic Novel -- Narrative work in which the story is conveyed to the reader using a comic form. 4\. Manga -- Japanese word for comics. It is used in the English-speaking world as a generic term for all comic books and graphic novels originally published in Japan. 5\. Doodle Fiction -- Literary presentation where the author incorporates doodle writing, drawings and handwritten graphics in place of the traditional font. 6\. Text-Talk Novels -- Stories told almost entirely in dialogue simulating social network exchanges. 7\. Chick Lit or Chick Literature -- typically features a female protagonist whose femininity is heavily thermalizing in the plot. 8\. Flash Fiction - is a style of fictional literature of extreme brevity. 9\. Six-Word Flash Fiction -- is a short narrative that can have all of the emotional themes of longer stories---from funny to dramatic, sad to scary.  10\. Creative Non-Fiction -- a genre of writing that uses literary styles and techniques to create factually accurate narratives. 11\. Science Fiction -- Is a genre of speculative fiction dealing with imaginative concepts such as futuristic science and technology, space travel, time travel, faster than light travel, a parallel universe and extra-terrestrial life. 12\. Blog -- a weblog, a website containing short articles called posts that are changed regularly. 13\. Hyper Poetry -- digital poetry that uses links and hypertext mark-up. **FIGURES OF SPEECH** A figure of speech is a word or phrase that possesses a separate meaning from its literal definition. It can be a metaphor or simile designed to make a comparison. It can be the repetition of alliteration or the exaggeration of hyperbole to provide a dramatic effect. There is a wealth of these literary tools in the English language. **There are five major categories of figures of speech as below:** **Types of Figures of Speech** 1\. **Simile** - In a simile, two things which are completely unlocked are compared with each other. A simile is introduced by words such as like, so, as etc. 2\. **Metaphor** -- When you compare two unlike or different things or ideas, it is known as metaphor. It is an informal or implied simile in which the words 'like' 'as' are avoided. 3\. **Personification** - In Personification, non-living things, abstract ideas or qualities are mentioned as humans or living things. 4\. **Apostrophe** - In this figure of speech, the writer mentions the absent or inanimate objects as alive and writes about them. 5\. **Oxymoron** - is when two words are used together in a sentence but they seem to be in contrast with each other. An oxymoron is a figure of speech that willingly uses two differing ideas. 6\. **Hyperbole** - is when you use words to exaggerate what you mean or emphasize a point. **7. Pun** - A pun is generally used in plays where one word has two different meanings. It is used to create humour. 8\. **Alliteration** - It is a series of words, which commence with the same letter. 9\. **Onomatopoeia** - It is the figure of speech where the word is used to describe a sound. 10\. **Anaphora** - When many phrases or verses start with the same word, it is known as anaphora. 11\. **Assonance**- When we use repetition of vowel sounds, it is known as assonance.  12\. **Synecdoche** - If a part is represented by a whole or a whole is represented by a part, it is known as synecdoche. **Elements of Fiction** **Character** a person, or sometimes even an animal, who takes part in the action of a short story or other literary work. - **Round Character** - **Flat Character** - **Protagonist** - **Antagonist** - - Internal Conflict - Interpersonal Conflict - External Conflict