Anaerobic Respiration (General Biology 11/2)

WEEK 5: Anaerobic Respiration A. Fermentation B. Types of Fermentation MELC: (STEM_BIO11/12- IIa-j-10) Describe the role of oxygen in respiration and describe pathways of electron flow in the absence of oxygen. General Biology 11/2 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  L...

WEEK 5: Anaerobic Respiration A. Fermentation B. Types of Fermentation MELC: (STEM_BIO11/12- IIa-j-10) Describe the role of oxygen in respiration and describe pathways of electron flow in the absence of oxygen. General Biology 11/2 Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics  Learning Objectives At the end of the lesson, you should be able to do the following: explain the process of anaerobic respiration; differentiate alcoholic from lactic acid fermentation; describe some applications of fermentation; and determine the products of anaerobic respiration and fermentation.  Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Clostridium tetani is an obligate anaerobe that uses other molecules rather than oxygen Applications of Fermentation as its final electron acceptor.  Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic It is the process by which a glucose Respiration molecule is broken down to Fermentation produce energy in the absence of Lactic Acid Fermentation oxygen. It involves using other molecules as Alcoholic Fermentation the final electron acceptor except Products of Anaerobic for oxygen. Fermentation Fermentation is another pathway Applications of Fermentation of anaerobic respiration.  Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation also starts with Fermentation glycolysis which results in the formation of ATP, NADH, and Lactic Acid Fermentation pyruvate. Alcoholic Fermentation ○ However, pyruvate molecules Products of Anaerobic do not go through oxidation, Fermentation Krebs cycle, and ETC. Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Converts the pyruvate Fermentation molecules to lactate. Lactic Acid Fermentation This anaerobic pathway is common to obligate anaerobes. Alcoholic Fermentation It also happens in our muscle Products of Anaerobic Fermentation cells during extraneous physical Applications of Fermentation activities.  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic The equation showing the reaction Fermentation in lactic acid fermentation Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation The hydride group from NADH Products of Anaerobic attaches to one of the carbon molecules Fermentation of pyruvate. Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Another hydrogen molecule is also used Products of Anaerobic in the process which attaches to the Fermentation oxygen in the pyruvate molecule. Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation produces lactate Products of Anaerobic and oxidizes NADH to NAD+ which will be Fermentation reused. Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Groups of bacteria that Fermentation undergo lactic acid Lactic Acid Fermentation fermentation: ○ Homofermentative LAB Alcoholic Fermentation ○ Heterofermentative LAB Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Homofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation an organism used as starters that utilizes Alcoholic Fermentation of dairy glucose products that molecules to Products of Anaerobic help improve the produce lactic Fermentation products’ flavor acid alone Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Lactobacillus acidophilus is a homofermentative bacteria used in Applications of yogurt production. Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation organisms that produce ethanol Alcoholic Fermentation rarely used as and carbon starters of dairy dioxide along Products of Anaerobic products with lactic acid as Fermentation their by-products Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation converts pyruvate Lactic Acid Fermentation molecules to ethanol Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic used in bread and Fermentation winemaking Applications of Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Pyruvate molecules undergo Products of Anaerobic decarboxylation which results in the Fermentation formation of carbon dioxide and Applications of acetaldehyde. Fermentation  Kinds of Fermentation Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Acetaldehyde is added with a hydride group from NADH and one hydrogen molecule which results in Products of Anaerobic the formation of ethanol and oxidation of NADH to Fermentation NAD+. Applications of Fermentation  Products of Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Summary of the products of Fermentation anaerobic respiration Lactic Acid Fermentation Process Products Amount Alcoholic Fermentation ATP 2 Glycolysis NADH 2 Products of Anaerobic Fermentation pyruvate 2 Applications of Fermentation  Products of Anaerobic Respiration Overview of the Anaerobic Summary of the products of anaerobic Respiration respiration Fermentation Amount Process Products Lactic Acid Fermentation Lactic acid lactate 2 fermentation NAD+ 2 Alcoholic Fermentation ethanol 2 Products of Anaerobic Alcoholic NAD+ 2 fermentation Fermentation CO2 2 Applications of Fermentation  Applications of Fermentation Baking bread Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation The primary function of yeast in bread is as a Products of Anaerobic leavening agent. This means it gives rise to the Fermentation bread and creates a more open and airy texture. The secondary function of yeast in bread is to add Applications of Fermentation strength to the dough.  Applications of Fermentation Baking bread Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation One of the most notable and well-known species of Products of Anaerobic yeast in health and wellness is known as Fermentation Saccharomyces cerevisiae, which is also known by its more common names, brewer's yeast or Applications of Fermentation baker's yeast.  Applications of Fermentation Cheese production Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Lactococci - Lactococcus lactis ssp. lactis and Lactococcus lactis ssp. cremoris are common lactic acid bacteria that are Products of Anaerobic used to make cheeses like cheddar Fermentation Streptococci - Streptococcus salivarius ssp. thermophilus is an example of a culture used in cheese like mozzarella Applications of Fermentation Lactobacilli - Lactobacillus helveticus is an example of a culture commonly used in Swiss and Alpine cheeses.  Applications of Fermentation Cheese production Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Applications of Fermentation  Applications of Fermentation Winemaking Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic The most common yeast generally associated Fermentation with winemaking is Saccharomyces cerevisiae which is also used in bread making Applications of Fermentation and brewing.  Applications of Fermentation Winemaking Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Yeasts are eukaryotic, single-celled microorganisms classified as members of Applications of Fermentation the fungus kingdom.  Applications of Fermentation Yogurt production Overview of the Anaerobic Respiration Fermentation Lactic Acid Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation Products of Anaerobic Fermentation Yogurt is made when heated milk is combined with bacteria, Applications of Fermentation specifically Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus. Let’s Sum It Up! The two main types of anaerobic respiration Homework #5 PREPARATION FOR THE 2ND QUARTER PROJECT Directions: The construction of the final recipe is to be submitted before the actual wine-making project. Submission on the actual day is considered late and will lead to a points deduction.  Seatwork #5 DIRECTIONS: Create a Venn diagram showing the similarities and differences between lactic and alcoholic fermentation.