Musculoskeletal System - Appendicular Skeleton (BSN Year 1) PDF

ANATOMY BSN YEAR I MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM – APPENDICULAR SKELETON Dr. Manju Avinash Nair Learning Outcomes: At the end of the session students will be able to:  Identify and locate all the appendicular skeleton of the body  Apply the knowledge of anatomy of append...

ANATOMY BSN YEAR I MUSCULO SKELETAL SYSTEM – APPENDICULAR SKELETON Dr. Manju Avinash Nair Learning Outcomes: At the end of the session students will be able to:  Identify and locate all the appendicular skeleton of the body  Apply the knowledge of anatomy of appendicular skeleton while performing nursing procedures on the patients Appendicular skeleton consists of: 1. Shoulder girdle with the upper limbs The upper limb forms a joint with the trunk via the shoulder (pectoral) girdle. 2. Pelvic girdle with the lower limbs 1. Shoulder girdle and upper limb Shoulder girdle consists of two clavicles (collar bone) two scapulae The clavicle: S-shaped long bone Articulates with the manubrium of the sternum at the sternoclavicular joint and forms the acromioclavicular joint with the acromion process of the scapula The clavicle provides the only bony link between the upper limb and the axial skeleton Scapula (shoulder blade) Flat triangular-shaped bone, on the posterior chest wall At the lateral angle -- the glenoid cavity, which, with the head of the humerus, forms the shoulder joint The prominent, highest point of the shoulder, is called the acromion process and forms a joint with the clavicle, the acromioclavicular Joint The coracoid process gives attachment to muscles that move the shoulder joint. The upper limb: Humerus  Bone of the upper arm.  The head sits within the glenoid cavity of the scapula, forming the shoulder joint.  The distal end of the bone presents two surfaces that articulate with the radius and ulna to form the elbow joint. Ulna and radius  These are the two bones of the forearm.  They articulate with the humerus at the elbow joint, the carpal bones at the wrist joint and with each other at the proximal and distal radioulnar joints. Carpal (wrist) bones  There are eight carpal bones arranged in two rows of four. From outside inwards they are: distal row: trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate  These bones are closely fitted together and held in position by ligaments proximal row are : Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetrum, Pisiform Pneumonic: Sam likes to push the toy car hard Metacarpal bones (bones of the hand) These five bones form the palm of the hand The proximal ends articulate with the carpal bones and the distal ends with the phalanges. Phalanges (finger bones) There are 14 phalanges, three in each finger and two in the thumb. They articulate with the metacarpal bones and with each other, by hinge joints. 2. Pelvic girdle and lower limb The lower limb forms a joint with the trunk at the pelvic girdle. The pelvic girdle The pelvic girdle is formed from two innominate (hip) bones. Each hip bone consists of three fused bones: the ilium, ischium and pubis. On its lateral surface is a deep depression, the acetabulum, which forms the hip joint with the head of femur. The Ilium: Upper flattened part of the bone, has the iliac crest, the anterior curve is anterior superior iliac spine The ilium forms a synovial joint with the sacrum-- the sacroiliac joint The pubis: is the anterior part of the bone and it articulates with the pubis at the symphysis pubis. The ischium is the inferior and posterior part inferior projections of the ischia, the ischial tuberosities, bear the weight of the body when seated. The union of the three parts takes place in the acetabulum. The pelvis Formed by the hip bones, the sacrum and the coccyx It is divided into upper and lower parts by the brim of the pelvis The greater or false pelvis is above the brim and the lesser or true pelvis is below. The lower limb Femur (thigh bone) The longest and heaviest bone of the body The head of femur fits into the acetabulum of the hip bone to form the hip joint. The distal extremity has two articular condyles, which, with the tibia and patella, form the knee joint. Tibia (shin bone) The proximal extremity is broad and flat and presents two condyles for articulation with the femur at the knee joint. The head of the fibula articulates with the inferior aspect of the lateral condyle, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint. The distal extremity of the tibia forms the ankle joint with the talus and the fibula. The medial malleolus is a downward projection of the tibial bone medial to the ankle joint. Fibula Long slender lateral bone in the leg The head articulates with the lateral condyle of the tibia, forming the proximal tibiofibular joint, and the lower extremity articulates with the tibia, and projects beyond it to form the lateral malleolus. This helps to stabilize the ankle joint. Patella (knee cap) triangular-shaped sesamoid bone posterior surface articulates with the patellar surface of the femur in the knee joint and its anterior surface is in the patellar tendon Tarsal (ankle) bones seven tarsal bones talus, calcaneus, navicular, three cuneiform bones (medial, intermediate and lateral) and cuboid The talus articulates with the tibia and fibula at the ankle joint The calcaneus forms the heel of the foot Other bones articulate with each other and with the metatarsal bones. Pneumonic: Tiger Cub Needs Milc Metatarsals These are five bones At their proximal ends they articulate with the tarsal bones and at their distal ends, with the phalanges The enlarged distal head of the 1st metatarsal bone forms the ‘ball’ of the foot. Phalanges (toe bones) There are 14 phalanges, with two in the great toe (the hallux) and three in each of the other toes. Thank You