2024 Final Review for History PDF

STUDY GUIDE FINAL HISTORY EXAM 206 Name: ____________________________ Group: _____________ 1 Section 1: The Middle Ages – Christianization of the West 2 1. When did the Middle Ages take place? __________...

STUDY GUIDE FINAL HISTORY EXAM 206 Name: ____________________________ Group: _____________ 1 Section 1: The Middle Ages – Christianization of the West 2 1. When did the Middle Ages take place? _______________________________________________________________________________________ 2. Elements of continuity and change: 3. Power of the Church: 4. Explain the role the Church plays in the lives of people in Medieval Society? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Explain the following concepts. Concept Definition Christianity 3  The Church The Crusades Culture Feudalism The West 6. Throughout the Middle Ages, the clergy had a great deal of influence over the entire Christian community. The Church used this influence to draw income. From what sources did the Church receive money in the Middle Ages. __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 7. How did Christianity spread in the Middle Ages? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 4 8. How was medieval society structured in the Middle Ages? Social Group Description Role King Nobility Clergy Populace 9. Complete the following table on the obligations of Suzerains and Vassals Suzerain toward his Vassal Vassal towards his Suzerain 10. Complete the text below, using the word bank. chores dependence dues feudal society fiefdom peasant seigneur suzerain tenure vassal Individuals in were bound by ties of : 5  a person who received a from a seigneur became the seigneur’s and swore support and loyalty to him. The seigneur became that person’s. In exchange for a ,a paid and performed for the. 11. Name the social group in medieval society that corresponds to each role. Role Social group a) Wage war, protect the kingdom, and govern estates. b) Work to meet the needs of everyone. c) Lead worship and pray. 12. Complete the following passage. 13. Complete the following table on the obligations of Peasants and Seigneurs Peasant toward his Seigneur Seigneur towards his Peasant 14. What are the Crusades? Why did the Crusades occur? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 6  __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 15. What are the consequences of the Crusades? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ Section 2: A New Vision of Humanity (Renaissance and Reformation) 16. When did the Renaissance period occur? Circle the correct letter on the timeline below. 7 17. Compare and contrast: 18. Explain the following concepts. Concept Definition Humanism Reformation Renaissance Individual Science Arts 8 19. Circle the statements that describe the humanist view of human beings. a) Human beings are at the centre of the universe. b) Human beings are free to act and think for themselves. c) Human beings are just one component of nature among many others. d) God determines the destiny of human beings. e) Human beings are responsible for their decisions and destiny. 20. What is humanism? Describe its main characteristics. Use document 7 to help you. _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ _________________________________________ 21. How did Humanism influence the following areas: a) Advances in mathematics: _______________________________________________________________ 9 __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) Advances in astronomy: _________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) Advances in medicine: __________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ 22. What was the Church’s reaction to these advances? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 23. New astronomical theories emerged during the Renaissance. Complete the table below to show an example. The Earth is at the centre replaced by The Sun is at the centre of the universe. of the universe. 24. Use the documents to answer the question below. 10  25. What is the Reformation? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 26. What were the causes of the Reformation? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 11 27. Which church practices did some individuals criticize in the early 16th century? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 28. What role did the following individuals play in the Reformation. Individual Role in the Reformation Martin Luther John Calvin King Henry VIII 29. Complete the following text using the words below. Bible equality faith in God Jesus Christ pastors saints Unlike Catholics, Protestants pray only to God and , they do not pray to the or the Virgin Mary. They believe that is the only way to access heaven. They do not believe in religious hierarchy, but support among all Christians. All Protestants are encouraged to read and interpret the , which is why it is translated into many languages. help to guide followers in this task. 30. What were the consequences of the Reformation? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 31. Compare and contrast the belief system of Catholics and Protestants following the Reformation. Roman Catholics Both Protestants 12 Section 3: European Expansion in the World (The Age of Explorations) 32. During which period did the voyages of discovery begin to take place? Circle the correct answer on the timeline below. 33. Chronology of events: 34. Which European Kingdoms participated in the voyages of discovery of the 15th centuries? __________________________________________________________________________________________ 35. What role did the fall of Constantinople play in the Europeans searching for an alternative route to Asia? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 36. What was the aim of the 1494 Treaty of Tordesillas? 13 37. Explain the following concepts. Concept Definition Age of Exploration World Economy Colonialism Empire Slavery Trade 38. What were the motives (reasons) for the explorations? a) economic: _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ b) political: ______________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ c) religious: _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________________ 14  40. 41. Match the European Kingdom with the territory they colonized: England: ______________ France: ________________ Spain: _________________ Portugal: _______________ 15 42.. 43. Why did the Indigenous people drop so dramatically in the years after the arrival of the Europeans in the Americas? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 44. With a decreasing Indigenous population, what solution did the Europeans find to solve their need for workers in the colonies? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 16 45. Explain the terms mother country and colony: _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 46. What economic relationship exists between the colony and its mother country? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ 47. What is the name of the trading system established in the 16th and 17th century? _____________________ 48. Which continents were involved in this system of trade? _________________________________________ 49. Use the following words to complete the statements below regarding triangular trade in the 17th century. Africa captive people colonies Europe manufactured goods mother countries raw materials a) In the , from the were transformed into. b) Merchants stationed in exchanged for manufactured goods from. 50. Name three products that Europeans imported as part of the triangular trade system. 17 51. True or false? Put a check mark beside the correct response. True False a) European mother countries contributed to the economic development of their colonies. b) The colonies were permitted to sell goods themselves. c) The colonies were not permitted to transform raw materials into finished products. d) The colonies were dependent on the mother countries. 52. What are consequences of the European’s arrival on the Indigenous population? a) Economic: __________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) Social: _______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) Cultural: ______________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ d)Territorial: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 18 Section 4: The Enlightenment & the American and French Revolution 53. When did the Enlightenment, America and French Revolutions take place. Circle the correct letter on the timeline below. 54. What was the Enlightenment? __________________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 55. What Enlightenment ideas did each of the following philosophers support? Philosopher Philosophical belief __________________ Human beings are born free and with equal i h Citizens hold power and sovereignty, and they __________________ agree to share it with political institutions. This is a social contract. The King or the state should hold only executive ___________________ power, while legislative and judicial power should be help by political institutions The state may not prohibit or impose a religion. ___________________ The people have the right to choose the religion which best suits them. 19 56. Explain the following concepts. Concept Definition Citizen Democracy The Enlightenment Political Regime Revolution Rights Social Hierarchy Separation of Powers 20 57. Most philosophers were advocates of the type of political system put in place in Great Britain. How is this system called? Explain how power was shared in Great Britain. __________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 58. Identify the powers of government described below. Executive power Judicial power Legislative power Definition Type of power a) Power to interpret the law and judge whether laws were broken b) Power to enforce the law c) Power to make the laws 59. What were the main causes of the American Revolution? a) Political: ____________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ b) Economic: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ c) Territorial: ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________________________________ 21 60. For each of the statements below, indicate whether it was a cause or a consequence of the American Revolution?  Great Britain’s victory in the Seven Years War ________________________  Creation of the United States of America ________________________  Treaty of Paris 1783 ________________________  The adoption of the American Constitution and the Bill of Rights ________________________  The Boston Tea Party ________________________  Lack of political autonomy ________________________  Boston Massacre ________________________  Ohio Valley given to Indigenous People ________________________  Surrender of the British army ________________________  The teachings of the Enlightenment Philosophers ________________________  Many taxes imposed on the colonies ________________________ 61. Circle the elements below that were causes of discontent among the inhabitants and elected representatives of the Thirteen Colonies before the American Revolution. a) The colonists did not have adequate education. b) The British Crown granted Indigenous peoples land west of the Appalachians. c) The economy in the colonies was suffering. d) British Parliament imposed a series of taxes in the Thirteen Colonies. e) The Thirteen Colonies did not have elected representatives in British Parliament. f) The population of the Thirteen Colonies was very small. 62. In 1783, Great Britain signed the Treaty of Paris. What did this treaty recognize? 63. What was the name of the document that determined the laws and political organization of the United States? 22 64. In 1789, several amendments (the Bill of Rights) were made to the United States Constitution in order to guarantee new rights to its citizens. Name two of these new rights and freedoms. 65. How did the 13 colonies change because of their victory in the American Revolution? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 66. What were the political consequences of the American Revolution? Characteristics of the new political regime: 23  Section 5: The French Revolution 67. Chronology of Events: 68. Give three reasons France was facing a financial crisis in the years before the revolution? __________________________________________________________________________________________ __________________________________________________________________________________________ 69. Social Inequalities: 71. For each of the statements below, indicate whether it was a cause or a consequence of the French Revolution?  The beheading of King Louis XVI ________________________  The meeting of the Estates General ________________________  The end of the Ancien Regime ________________________  Reign of Terror ________________________  The teachings of the Enlightenment Philosophers ________________________  End of absolute monarchy ________________________  Lack of political representation of the 3rd estate ________________________  Social inequalities ________________________ 24 72.What were the consequences of the French Revolution? Political regime established in 1791: Political regime established in 1792: 73.What rights were recognized in the Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen: 74. Match each description with the corresponding event during the French Revolution. Description Event a) Representatives of all three estates convene Declaration of the Rights of to discuss important matters with the king. Man and of the Citizen b) The people compile their requests and Storming of the Bastille suggestions to be presented to the king. c) The people violently protest against the king’s absolute power and authority to imprison The Estates-General anyone. d) The National Assembly creates a document to assert and guarantee the fundamental rights The Cahiers de doléances of the people. 75.Circle the elements below that were consequences of the French Revolution. a) France experienced a financial crisis. b) Power was held by one person. c) Citizens were considered equal before the law. d) Citizens had the right to vote. e) Members of society had privileges based on their social status. f) Laws were established to guarantee certain individual rights and freedoms. g) The powers of government were held by three separate government bodies. 76 25