Astronomy PDF - Indian Calendar Measurements

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This document presents a lecture or presentation on Indian astronomy, covering topics such as measurement of time, calendars, and concepts related to celestial bodies.

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Astronomy Vinayak Rajat Bhat Associate Professor Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems Chanakya University Bengaluru https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2vD0A-eepQ ✓ ✓ Measurement of tim...

Astronomy Vinayak Rajat Bhat Associate Professor Centre for Indian Knowledge Systems Chanakya University Bengaluru https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-2vD0A-eepQ ✓ ✓ Measurement of time 1 ❖ 3240000 1 ❖ 54000 1 ❖ 900 1 ❖ 15 ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ ❖ Unit Multiplier of No. of Paramāṇus Time (Seconds) preceding unit* Paramāṇu 1 1 1.3133 x 10-5 Aṇu 2 2 2.6266 x 10-5 Trasreṇu 3 6 7.8797 x 10-5 Truṭi 3 18 2.3639 x 10-4 Vedha 100 1,800 2.3639 x 10-2 Lava 3 5,400 7.0917 x 10-2 Nimeṣa 3 16,200 0.212750617 Kṣaṇa 3 48,600 0.638251852 Kāṣtha 5 2,43,000 3.191259259 Laghu 15 36,45,000 47.86888889 Nāḍikā 15 5,46,75,000 718.0333333 Muhūrta 2 10,93,50,000 1436.066667 Prahara 7.5 82,01,25,000 10770.51 कालमानापन त्रिंशता पतपिपिमाासश्चान्द्रः पित्र्यमहः स्मृतम् । पित्र्यम् ३० पतियः = १ चान्द्रमासः (1 Lunar Month) = 1 Pitṛ day मन्द्वन्द्तरव्यवस्िा च प्राजाित्यमुदाहृतम् । (The arrangement of Manvantara = Prajapatya) प्राजाित्यम् बृहस्ितः मध्यमरापशिोगात् सिंवत्सरिं सािंपहपतका वदपन्द्त । (The movement of Jupiter) गौरवम् कालमानापन प्रिमरापशप्रवशकालादन्द्यरापशप्रवशकालः सौरमासः (Sun – One सौरम् Rashi to another) सावनम् इनोद्वयद्वयान्द्तररूिम् (Sunrise to Sunrise) चान्द्रम् अमान्द्तादमान्द्तिं पह चान्द्रो पह मासः । (New moon to New moon) आर्क्ाम् नर्क्रोदयद्वयान्द्तररूिम् (Nakshatra rise to Nakshatra Rise) Multiplier of preceding Unit No. of human years unit* Māsa 1 0.08333 Ṛtu 2 0.16667 Ayana 3 0.50000 Human Year 2 1 Human Life Span 100 100 Celestial Life Span 36,000 360 Mahā-yuga 12000 43,20,00,000 Kalpa 1000 4,32,00,00,00,000 * For example, 100 Truṭis make a Vedha and 3 Ṛtus make an Ayana शपनः मन्द्दामरज्यिूिुर- सूयाशुक्रन्द्दज ु न्द्दवः । िररभ्रमन्द्त्यधोधःस्िाः गुरः पसद्ा पवद्याधरा घनाः ॥ शुक्रः Shani 5 12 19 चन्द्रः बुधः Guru 6 13 20 पवद्याधराः रपवः पसद्ाः घनाः Kuja 7 14 21 िूपमः Surya 1 8 15 22 कु जः Shukra 2 9 16 23 Budha 3 10 17 24 Soma 4 11 18 सूयापसद्ान्द्तः १२-३१ The zodiac signs on the ecliptic Kumbha Makara Ḍhanus Mīna Vṛiścika Tulā Meṣa Riṣabha Kanyā Ecliptic Kaṭaka Simha Mithuna Illustration of Celestial Pole (North) Sun has just crossed the Solstices and summer solstice and begun Dakṣināyana Equinoxes 23½ o A solstice occurs when the S2 sun’s path crosses the S3 extreme north or south points on the earth’s equator Southernmost point (S4) with respect to the equator is ‘winter solstice’ S1 Northernmost point (S2) S4 Celestial with respect to the equator Equator is ‘summer solstice’ At S1 and S3, the ecliptic intersects the equator, known as the equinoxes. The equinoctial day (viṣuvat) is Celestial Pole mentioned in Aitareya-brāhmaṇa (18.4). (South) Methods to compute the nth equinox is available in Vedāṅga-jyotiṣa. ẓ िूिा In this manner, the ancient seers endowed with divine insight have explained the causes of the eclipses. Hence the shastric fact is that the demon Rahu is not at all the cause of eclipses. - Brihatsamhita 5.13 मुहूतापचन्द्तनम् वज्याापन नर्क्रापि - ज्यष्ठाराायमकृ पिकोरगमघािूवाापवशााासुराः । ❖ ज्यष्ठा, आराा, िरिी, कृ पिका, आश्लषा, मघा, िूवाा फाल्गुनी, िूवााषाढा, िूवाािारा, पवशााा, मूला । वज्यााः वासराः – मङ्गलवासरः, शपनवासरः । ताराबलम् 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 जन्द्म सम्ित् पवित् र्क्म प्रत्यररः साधकः वधः पमरम् िरमपमरम् Bad Good Bad Good Bad Good Bad Good Good Find your Janma Nakshatra (Birth Star). Calculate the number of stars from the birth star Find the nakshatra of the needed day Divide the number by 9 Reminder will be Tarabalam. नर्क्रापि 1 अपिनी 10 मघा 19 मूलम् 2 िरिी 11 िूवााफल्गुनी 20 िूवााषाढा Find your Janma 3 कृ पिका 12 उिरफल्गुनी 21 उिराषाढा Nakshatra (Birth Star). Calculate the number of 4 रोपहिी 13 हस्तः 22 श्रविः stars from the birth star 5 मृगपशरः 14 पचरा 23 धपनष्ठा Find the nakshatra of the needed day 6 आराा 15 स्वाती 24 शतपिषक् Divide the number by 9 7 िुनवासू 16 पवशााा 25 िूवाािारा Reminder will be Tarabalam. 8 िुष्यः 17 अनुराधा 26 उिरािारा 9 आश्लषा 18 ज्यष्ठा 27 रवती

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