Pre-AICE Chemistry Honors Midterm 2024 Study Guide PDF

# Pre-AICE Chemistry/Chemistry Honors Mid-Term 2024 Study Guide 2024-2025 The concepts below will be the items could be on the Mid-Term. The mid-term is set up as a 60-question multiple-choice evaluation. You will be able to use all student hand-outs, and be provided the entire two hours to complete...

# Pre-AICE Chemistry/Chemistry Honors Mid-Term 2024 Study Guide 2024-2025 The concepts below will be the items could be on the Mid-Term. The mid-term is set up as a 60-question multiple-choice evaluation. You will be able to use all student hand-outs, and be provided the entire two hours to complete it. Each will receive a packet that includes tables and student handouts to use during the exam. These will be returned after you finish. ## Concepts Covered 1. Make sure you are comfortable with the concepts of Entropy and Coulomb's Law 2. Determine the symbol, atomic number atomic mass, proton number, neutron number, electron number of a single atom that represents a given elemental species. 3. To be able to write the nuclide notation of any isotope. 4. Contrast the difference between intrinsic and extrinsic properties of an elemental species. 5. Contrast the difference between accuracy and precision of a quantitative scientific instrument. 6. Contrast the difference between qualitative and quantitative observations of natural phenomena. 7. Describe one specific item that the ancient alchemists were trying to find or be able to do. 8. Describe the specific differences between high energy beta particles and alpha particles. 9. Explain how the surface of the Earth is protected from the impacts of the solar wind. 10. Provide a brief description of the four characteristic traits of matter 11. What are the four phases of matter? Be able to list these four phases from the lowest entropy to the highest. In addition you should be able to determine which of the four phases has the highest kinetic and lowest kinetic energy. 12. Provide a description of the Law of Conservation of Matter. 13. Know what the two distinct forms of Energy are and how they influence matter. 14. Explain what temperature is actually measuring 15. What does the kinetic energy mean when a thermometer is stable at a constant temperature for 20 minutes? 16. Explain what the 1st Law of Thermodynamics is for energy. 17. Provide an explanation of the 2nd Law of Thermodynamics and know the four different types of phases conversions that are possible. 18. Be able to recall the story of the Radium Girls and Working Conditions during the 1930's through the 1950's. 19. Contrast the difference between an Endogonic vs Exogonic process. Make sure you have a good example of each type. 20. Explain the concept of Colligative Properties and describe two of them when water is freezing and when water is boiling. 21. Be able to determine what the AMU's are of a specific isotope if provided with an isotope label. 22. Be able to explain the concept of Coulomb's Law and use that to describe why protons in the nucleus without any neutrons have a very low entropy. 23. Explain the major function of the neutrons within the nucleus of a single atom. 24. Be able to explain what an isotope is of an elemental species. Use carbon isotopes in your explanation. 25. Given the relative abundances of carbon's isotopes; be able to calculate the average atomic mass. 26. Know how nuclides can become stable with Beta Decay and know how to write it's nuclear equation. 27. Be able to describe how a large unstable nucleus is able to use Alpha Decay in order to achieve nuclear entropy and in addition know how to write alpha decay nuclear equation that shows it. 28. Explain the contributions of Marie Curie had on Nuclear Chemistry and Radiation. 29. Understand the concept of half-life. What is it, and how it can be used? 30. In the branch of nuclear medicine contrast the difference between an X-Ray and a CT Scan. 31. Explain why unstable isotopes used in medicine have short ½ lives. 32. Contrast the primary differences between nuclear fission and fusion. 33. Understand the basic concept of n/P ratios and the zone of stability 34. Explain the importance of free nuetrons “neutron bullets” in nuclear fission and what are the products that are produced. 35. List two Advantages and Disadvantages between nuclear fission and that of nuclear fusion. 36. Be able to use C-14 dating to determine the age in which a lifeform died from the current time. 37. Describe how ½ Life of a Radioactive Isotope can be used to determine fake replicas of famous artwork / paintings. 38. Make sure you can list the 7 visible EM waves as well as list them from weakest to strongest. 39. Name four of the EM waves we are unable to see. 40. What do all of the 18 colors of light have in common. Do not tell me that they are all colors. 41. Be able to Calculate density if you are provided with an objects mass and it's volume. In addition ,explain why density is considered as an intrinsic property. 42. Describe how qualitative observations are able to be used to determine a phenomena Hypothesis based on past experiences. 43. What is the major function of nuclear fusion in an electric Power-Plant. 44. List two Advantages and Disadvantages of Fusion and Fission 45. Describe the difference between nuclear imaging and nuclear treatment using radioactive isotopes. 46. Using Carbon to illustrate the concept of the isotope and how to write them. 47. What is the atomic number refer to of an elemental species? 48. When energy is added to matter one of two things can occur. They can either do one process OR another. 49. Know all the phase change names and which are endo and which are exo. Use water as your example. 50. Explain why Ice floats? 51. Contrast the difference between kinetic energy and potential energy 52. What does it mean when we use the expression that Energy influences the behavior if matter. 53. Of the three subatomic particles making up an atom which of the three is responsible for the character/behavior of the elemental species. 54. When looking at the colors printed on the periodic table what do the different colors represent. You also must be specific as what the red, blue, and black colors are telling you about the elemental species at room temperature. 55. Why is 60,000 years the max that can be used with the isotope of Carbon-14. 56. Explain why dinosaurs cannot be aged (dated) with C-14 dating 57. Be able to provide an example of dating an organic material using C-14 Dating. 58. What makes a nucleus unstable with low entropy? 59. Of the three beta, alpha, and gamma which has the most penetrating power 60. N-P Ratios for small and for large 61. Know how to use the Zone of stability on a nuclear stability graph. 62. Know what an isotope plotted above the zone of stability and below the zone of stability mean. 63. Why hydrogen does not need a neutron 64. Provide a description of exactly what an isotope of an element is. 65. What is Yucca Mountain and what is it intended to do? 66. Be able to distinguish between atom and an elemental species without using the analogy that I used in class. 67. Be able to distinguish between an anion and an ion. 68. Using Coulomb's Law describe the function of a neutron within the nucleus of an atom. 69. Describe what is meant by the nuclear binding force of a nucleus and what happens to this force when a nucleus undergoes fission. 70. Understand why we have to use significant figures in the measurements we take using scientific instruments. I am more interested why they have to be used. Hint: Think of a sports team that can only be as strong as its weakest link! 71. Provide a brief explanation as to how stars are responsible for the production of heavier elements on the periodic table. 72. What was the major contribution made by Marie Curie in the early 1900's that increased our understanding of stable and unstable nuclei of atoms. 73. What was the major mission of the Manhattan Project. 74. Using examples contrast the difference between an Endogonic and an Exogonic Process 75. Explain the concept of all things in universe (matter and energy) ultimate goal is to try to achieve Entropy. 76. Understand how the nucleus of an unstable isotope achieve high entropy. 77. Explain why the periodic table is referred to as Periodic. 78. Contrast the difference between a carcinogen and a pathogen. 79. Provide an explanation of the bioamplification of toxic mercury 80. Describe what the Colligative Effect is.. 81. How does the Colligative Effect (using examples) the boiling point and melting point of water.