Natural Resources PDF

Natural Resources Nirankush Mahanta Department of Physics November 3, 2024 Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources What are Natural Resources? Resource refers to all the physical materials available in the environment which can be used to satisfy human needs and want...

Natural Resources Nirankush Mahanta Department of Physics November 3, 2024 Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources What are Natural Resources? Resource refers to all the physical materials available in the environment which can be used to satisfy human needs and wants. Natural resources are the resources that exist in the environment independent of human actions and may be used with few modifications. Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Types of Natural Resources 1 Forest Resources 2 Water Resources 3 Mineral Resources 4 Food Resources 5 Energy Resources 6 Land Resources Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Food Resources Food refers to anything eaten by man which gives energy and is able to meet the physio- logical needs of the body. Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources World Food Supply It includes adoption of Mixed farming Good irrigation facilities Control of soil erosion Quality seeds Use of fertilizers and pesticides Availability of storage and market facilities Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources World Food Supply 2 Green revolution in India: agriculture in India was converted into a modern industrial system, mainly led by agricultural scientist M. S. Swaminathan, resulting in remarkable increase in food production. White revolution or Operation flood: an initiative by Govt of India to enhance milk production in the country through co-operative movement. Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources World Food Problems Large population: Despite the green revolution, it could not meet the needs of the growing population. Agricultural land reduced due to urbanization and industrialization Financial problems: Farmers cannot afford fertilizers, pesticides, quality seeds Land, water and climate Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Effects of Overgrazing Removes vegetation cover of soil Plant population regeneration capacity is lost Exposes the soil leading to soil erosion and less production Affects the water infiltration capacity of the soil Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Effects of modern agriculture 1 Benefits Higher production Improve income Increase employment opportunities Boost economy 2 Adverse effects Excessive use of fertilizers Leads to nutrient imbalance Nitrogen and phosphorus washed off to water bodies Excessive use of pesticides Kills non-targeted species useful for agriculture Affects human health Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Water logging Excess water accumulated in fields Due to inadequate drainage facilities Due to over-irrigation Mechanical strength of soil reduced Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources Salinity Use of saline water for irrigation Contains excess salt Reduced crop production Nirankush Mahanta Natural Resources