Computer Applications Class X Past Paper PDF

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (Code 165) CLASS X Unit I: Networking (15 marks) INTERNET  Itis composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks.  These networks may link thousands of computers enabling them to share information with each other and to share various resources su...

COMPUTER APPLICATIONS (Code 165) CLASS X Unit I: Networking (15 marks) INTERNET  Itis composed of a large number of smaller interconnected networks.  These networks may link thousands of computers enabling them to share information with each other and to share various resources such as supercomputers and databases. INTERNET  Itis a decentralized system.  Each connected individual can communicate with anyone else on the Internet WORLD WIDE WEB  WWW is a set of programs, standards and protocols that allows the multimedia and hypertext files to be created, displayed and linked on the Internet. WORLD WIDE WEB  Beforewww, Internet was mainly used for obtaining textual information. But post www, the Internet popularity grew tremendously because of graphic-intensive nature of www. WORLD WIDE WEB  WWW was proposed between 1989- 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee.  It became a reality with invention of HTML and a text browser in 1990. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET & WWW A large part of the Internet is the www.  One is the container, the other is an item within the container. DIFFERENCE BETWEEN INTERNET & WWW  WhileInternet is a collection of computers or networking devices connected together; WWW is a collection of documents, linked via special links called hyperlinks. WEB SERVERS A Web Server is a WWW server that stores web documents and responds to the requests made by web browsers.  A Web Server is also called WWW Server.  Example: Apache, IIS, NetSite, etc. WEB SERVERS DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A SERVER AND A WEB SERVER A server is a computer that has server software loaded on it. Its main job is to share resources for clients.  Whereas a Web Server is a specific protocol type of server, looking only for HTTP requests instead of many different types of resource requests. WEB CLIENTS A Web Client is a program or a component on client side that requests and uses services provided by web server.  Example: Web Browser WEB SITES A website or a site is a group of related web pages hosted on a web-server and are linked together and share a common interface and design.  They are written using HTML. WEB SITES A website also contains additional documents and files such as images, videos or other digital assets. COMPONENTS OF A WEBSITE  Components of a website are Webhost Address Homepage Design Content Navigation Structure WEBHOST  Hosting is where a website is physically located.  Group of linked webpages qualify to be called a website only when hosted on a webserver. ADDRESS  It is the address of the website, also called URL of the site. HOMEPAGE  Itis the first page that appears when viewers g to a website. DESIGN  Itis the overall look of the website including navigation menus, graphics, layout, etc. CONTENT  All the webpages contained in the website together make up the content of the website. NAVIGATION STRUCTURE  Itis the order of the pages, the collection of what links to what. WEBSITE VS WEB PORTAL A website is a collection of related web pages.  A web portal is also a type of website but it differs in content and services from a typical website. It is a launch pad to a host of web based services. WEB PAGES A webpage is a digital document that is linked to the WWW and viewable by anyone connected to the Internet having a web browser. WEB PAGES  Components of a webpage Content wise Structure wise CONTENT WISE  Content wise the components of a webpage are Hypertext Hyperlinks HYPERTEXT  Hypertextrefers to the combination of text, graphic images, audio and video tracks, and hyperlinks. HYPERLINKS A hyperlink refers to a dynamic link upon clicking at which a new page or program opens up. STRUCTURE WISE  Structure wise the components of a web page are Page Title Header Body of the web page Navigational links Footer STRUCTURE WISE WHAT MAKES A WEBPAGE WORK?  Creation of webpage  Uploading/publishing the webpage  Retrieval WEB BROWSERS A web browser is a program that lets us visit different sites on the Net and display their offerings on our device.  They lets us access resources on www. WEB BROWSERS  Some of the popular web browsers are Google Chrome, Mosaic, Netscape, Internet Explorer, Safari, Opera, Macweb, Mozilla Firefox, etc.  Mosaic was the first web browser to come to market. WEB BROWSERS  Thereare two types of web browser Graphical Browser Text only Browser GRAPHICAL BROWSER  Text,images, audio, video, etc are retrievable through this type of browser. TEXT ONLY BROWSER  This type of browser provides access to the web in text-only mode.  Example: Lynx BLOGS A blog is a kind of website.  The term ‘Blog’ is the shortened form of ‘weblog’ – a diary or journal on the web.  A person who writes and maintains a blog is called Blogger and art of writing a blog is called blogging. BLOGS A blogger can provide links to other websites.  There are millions upon millions of blogs today.  Blogs are maintained by individuals, companies, organizations, etc. BLOGS  Types of Blogs Personal Blog News and Views Company blogs Micro-blogs PERSONAL BLOG  Maximum numbers of blogs on Internet belong to this category.  Blogger post stories about their interest such as fishing, dancing or collecting something. NEWS AND VIEWS  This type of blog contains factual stories about News and latest events, maintained by many professional journalists.  Visitors can add their own opinions as well. COMPANY BLOGS  Many companies run blogs to let their customers and clients know what is going on in the company. MICRO-BLOGS  This type of blog post very short comments that others can follow like Twitter.  Initially 140 is the limit for a post (tweet) on twitter.  The entries become a running commentary about one’s life and interests. ADVANTAGES OF BLOG  Enables to write down our thoughts on anything that interests us.  Don’t need much technical knowledge.  People can leave comments.  There are millions of blogs to choose from. DISADVANTAGES OF BLOG  Writing a post in anger may be regretted later.  Personal blogs may contain inaccurate information.  People may leave inappropriate comments.  We may have to look at many blogs before we find some worth reading. NEWS GROUPS A News Group or Forum is like a community bulletin board.  We can post a message, reply to a message or just read messages.  Groups of related messages are known as Threads.  We can subscribe to various newsgroups. NEWS GROUPS  It is also called as Usenet. USING A NEWSGROUP  Open Google and search for Groups of your choice, eg HTML.  To become a member of that group click at Join link and follow the instructions given.  Once we became members, we can post out messages by clicking at Post then by typing the desired message. USING A NEWSGROUP A message can be clicked at its title.  One can reply a message by clicking at Reply button. HTML  Hypertext markup language was invented in 1990s by Tim Berners-Lee.  It is a markup language for hypertext.  It is used for creating web pages. HTML  Hypertext: It is a special type of digital text that contains links to other text.  Markup: It refers to special symbols or instructions indicating the format, style or structure for an electronic document or webpage. HTML  Markup language: It is a set of standards (well designed tags, structure, etc.) to create an appropriate markup scheme for an electronic document such as a webpage. WEB ADDRESS A location on a net server is called a web address or URL (Uniform Resource Locator).  Each website has a unique address. WEB ADDRESS  URLs look like this: type://address/path  Where type: specifies the type of server/protocol in which the file is located, address is the address of server, and path tells the location of file on the server.  Example: https://ssimphal.nic.in/photos.htm WEB ADDRESS ELEMENTS OF A URL ELEMENTS OF A URL E-MAIL  E-mail stands for Electronic Mail. It is the most widely used tool to send messages electronically on a network.  They are generally sent from and received by mail servers. E-MAIL ADDRESS  E-mail addresses commonly take this form: username@hostname  E-mail address has two parts separated by @ symbol.  A username cannot have blanks.  Hostname or domain name identifies the server or host or network that services the e-mail. E-MAIL ADDRESS  Ane-mail account on an ISP’s server is a paid account and a web-based email account is generally free. STRUCTURE OF AN EMAIL MESSAGE  From: It is the address of the sender of the e-mail.  To: It is the address or addresses to which the mail is sent.  CC: It stands for carbon copy. Here the address/addresses of those to whom we want to send a copy of the e-mail is written. CC recipient’s name is visible to all. STRUCTURE OF AN EMAIL MESSAGE  BCC: It stands for Blind carbon Copy. Addresses written here will also receive a copy of the message. BCC recipient’s name is not visible to other recipients. But they can see TO and CC addresses.  Subject: A short title for the mail. STRUCTURE OF AN EMAIL MESSAGE  Body: The message.  Attachment: We can attach one or more pictures/documents with the e-mail.  Date: Date and time on which the message was sent.  Message-ID: Every message will have a unique ID. It is not visible to us. DOWNLOADING FILES FROM A REMOTE SITE  Receiving data from a remote system is referred by downloads in case of computer network.  A download is a file that has been downloaded using email server, FTP server, web server, etc. DOWNLOADING FILES FROM A REMOTE SITE  The transmission of a file from a server or remote computer system to a user’s PC is known as downloading.  Downloading a file, from the perspective of an Internet user, is making a request for a file from a server computer and receiving it. UPLOADING FILES FROM A REMOTE SITE  Uploading refers to the process of sending a local file to a remote site.  This is the process of putting images, documents, web pages, etc.  The process of transferring data from one remote system to another is referred to as “remote uploading”. UPLOADING FILES FROM A REMOTE SITE  TheFile Transfer Protocol (FTP) is an Internet service that allows you to download and upload data. INTERNET PROTOCOLS  Internet protocol is a system of rules that defines how something is to be done.  It is usually an agreed-upon or standardized method for transmitting data and /or establishing communications between different devices. TCP/IP  TCP/IP stands for Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol and is a group of communication protocols used to interconnect network devices on the internet.  It is also used as a communications protocol in a private computer network (an intranet or extranet). TCP/IP  TCP/IP specifies how data is exchanged over the internet by providing end-to-end communications that identify how it should be broken into packets, addressed, transmitted, routed and received at the destination. TCP/IP  Itrequires little central management and is designed to make networks reliable with the ability to recover automatically from the failure of any device on the network. TCP/IP  Italso manages how a message is assembled into smaller packets before they are then transmitted over the internet and reassembled in the right order at the destination address. TCP/IP  Common TCP/IP protocols include the following: Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) HTTP Secure File Transfer Protocol WHY TCP/IP IS IMPORTANT?  TCP/IP is non-proprietary and, as a result, is not controlled by any single company.  It can determine the most efficient path through the network. It is widely used in current internet architecture. USES OF TCP/IP  TCP/IP can be used to provide remote login over the network for interactive file transfer to deliver email, to deliver webpages over the network and to remotely access a server host's file system. HOW ARE TCP/IP AND IP DIFFERENT?  In IP, there is no built-in checking that verifies whether the data packets sent were actually received.  In TCP/IP, it checks and ensure that the data is delivered. SMTP  It stands for Simple Mail Transfer Protocol.  It is used for sending and distributing outgoing emails. SMTP  SMTP is a push protocol and is used to send the mail whereas POP (post office protocol) or IMAP (internet message access protocol) is used to retrieve those emails at the receiver’s side. SMTP  TheSMTP model is of two types: End-to-end method Store-and-forward method SMTP  Theend-to-end model is used to communicate between different organizations whereas the store and forward method is used within an organization. COMPONENTS OF SMTP  Mail User Agent (MUA)  Mail Submission Agent (MSA)  Mail Transfer Agent (MTA)  Mail Delivery Agent (MDA) COMPONENTS OF SMTP  Mail User Agent (MUA): It is a computer application that helps you in sending and retrieving mail.  Mail Submission Agent (MSA): It is a computer program that basically receives mail from a Mail User Agent(MUA) and interacts with the Mail Transfer Agent(MTA) for the transfer of the mail. COMPONENTS OF SMTP  Mail Transfer Agent(MTA): It is basically software that has the work to transfer mail from one system to another.  Mail Delivery Agent(MDA): A mail Delivery agent or Local Delivery Agent is basically a system that helps in the delivery of mail to the local system. POP3  Post Office Protocol version 3 (POP3) is a standard protocol used by email clients to retrieve email messages from a mail server.  It is a simple, text-based protocol that allows a client to connect to a server, retrieve email messages, and mark them as read or unread. POP3  POP3 works by establishing a connection between the email client and the mail server.  The client sends a request to the server to retrieve email messages, and the server responds with a list of available messages. POP3  The client can then choose which messages to download and mark as read or unread.  Once the client has finished retrieving messages, the connection is closed. HTTP  Hypertext Transfer Protocol is the set of rules for transferring hypertext i.e., text, graphics, image, sound, video, etc on www.  It is an access method (method to access web pages) used on Internet.  It is the primary access method for interacting with Internet. HTTP  HTTP generally works in combination with www.  This protocol is known as HyperText Transfer Protocol because of its efficiency that allows us to use in a hypertext environment where there are rapid jumps from one document to another document. HTTPS  It stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure.  It is enhanced versions of HTTP working with SSL (Secure Socket Layer) certificate.  SSL takes care of ensuring that the data goes securely over the Internet. HTTPS  The SSL certificate helps create a secure and encrypted connection between the server and the browser.  This ensures that the information is encryption and connection is safe so that hackers cannot steal our crucial/sensitive information. HTTPS  Thisprotocol is also called HTTP over SSL because the HTTPS communication protocols are encrypted using the SSL (Secure Socket Layer). DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP & HTTPS  DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HTTP & HTTPS  The data which is  The data which is transferred transferred in HTTP is in HTTPS is encrypted, i.e., plain text. ciphertext.  This protocol does not  thisprotocol requires an SSL need any certificate. (Secure Socket Layer)  Encryption technique is certificate. absent.  Encryption technique is present. REMOTE LOGIN AND FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOLS SSH  SSH (Secure SHell) is remote logging protocol that logs into remote machine via a shell where all data between the client and server is encrypted.  It ensures security shell using other protocols like SCP and SFTP. SSH  This ensures that only the client and the server will have access to actual data.  It allows two computers to communicate and share the data over an insecure network such as the internet. SSH  Before SSH SSH  After SSH SFTP  It stands for Secure File Transfer Protocol.  It is a protocol for transferring large files over the web. It is a secure protocol for file transfer and it ensures security of data based on the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. SFTP  SFTPas a successor to FTP is used for many situations where file security is important. DATA SAFETY BY SFTP  Itrequires that the client user must be authenticated by the server and the data transfer must take place over a secure channel (SSH).  All data is encrypted before being sent across the network. DATA SAFETY BY SFTP  Itencrypts both commands and data providing effective protection against common network security risks. FTP  FTP stands for File transfer protocol.  It is a standard internet protocol provided by TCP/IP used for transmitting the files from one host to another.  It is mainly used for transferring the web page files from their creator to the computer that acts as a server. FTP  Itis also used for downloading the files to computer from other servers.  Every computer platform supports FTP. FTP  Thereare two computers involved in an FTP transfer: FTP Server FTP Client FTP SERVER  Itis a computer that is running FTP server software. It listens on the network for connection requests from other computers. FTP CLIENT  It is a computer that is running FTP client software.  It initiates a connection to the server.  Once connected, the customer can do a number of file manipulation operations. SCP  It stands for Secure Copy Protocol.  The SCP protocol helps transferring files from a local to a remote host or between two remote hosts.  It is a combination of the Remote Copy Protocol (RCP) and the Secure Shell (SSH) protocol. SCP  Most SSH clients include SCP capability. SCP TELNET  TELNET stands for Teletype Network.  Telnet is an Internet utility that lets us log onto remote computer systems.  Telnet has been used by people who have logins on remote systems and want to do serious work there. TELNET  The computer which starts the connection is known as the local computer.  The computer which is being connected to i.e. which accepts the connection known as the remote computer. TELNET  During telnet operation, whatever is being performed on the remote computer will be displayed by the local computer.  Telnet operates on a client/server principle.  The local computer uses a telnet client program and the remote computers use a telnet server program. SERVICES AVAILABLE ON THE INTERNET INFORMATION RETRIEVAL  We can retrieve information from the Internet using a Browser software.  Exploring the web is known as Net Surfing.  Information Retrieval refers to the process, methods, and procedures of searching, locating, and retrieving recorded data and information from a file or database. INFORMATION RETRIEVAL  Information retrieval is the process of finding information in a set of documents by use of a computer. LOCATING SITES USING SEARCH ENGINES A Search Engine is a program that searches through a database of web pages for particular information.  There is a lot of information on the Internet.  Search engines make this information easier to find. HOW SEARCH ENGINE WORKS A search engine works with the help of following three elements: Spidersor Webcrawler or Bots or Agents Indexing software and database Search Algorithm SPIDERS OR WEBCRAWLER OR BOTS OR AGENTS  The Search engine uses these software which comb the Internet looking for documents and their web addresses.  The Spiders or webcrawlers perform the methodical searches needed to find information. SPIDERS OR WEBCRAWLER OR BOTS OR AGENTS  TheBots or Spiders are given directions by the search engine and they crawl from one server to another, compiling the huge list of URLs. INDEXING SOFTWARE AND DATABASE  Theindexing software extracts information from the documents and web addresses, prepares on index of it and stores in a database. SEARCH ALGORITHM  It assembles a web page displaying the matching results as hyperlinks. HOW SEARCH ENGINE WORKS REFINING SEARCH  Surround our query in quotes or put some punctuation marks(; or -). E.g., “Sainik School Imphal” or Sainik-School-Imphal or Sainik ; School ; Imphal  Use wildcard * for pattern matching. REFINING SEARCH  Lowercase word matches are not case- sensitive but uppercase words are case- sensitive.  To specify that a word or phrase must appear in matched documents, put a plus sign (+) immediately before it. REFINING SEARCH  Tospecify that a word or phrase must not appear in matched documents, put a minus sign (-) immediately before it. FINDING PEOPLE ON THE NET  Many search engines also offer a way to search for basic information about people and places.  There are a number of utilities and sites to find this kind of information. FINDING PEOPLE ON THE NET  Ifwe want to find out a person’s mail-id, phone numbers, addresses then we have to log onto the sites that offer this service.  Example: www.123people.com, www.addresses.com, email.addresssearch.com, www.peakyou.com, www.pipl.com, etc. WEB SERVICES  Web services are the services or applications available via web through the use of specific protocol.  There are diverse web services available today e.g., chat, email, video- conferencing, social networking, etc. CHAT A chat service is any online service or technology that enables text messages to be translated in real time between participants. CHAT  Chatting or chitchat occurs over the internet via Short Message Service (SMS) text message and Multimedia Messaging Service (MMS) or through social media platforms like Facebook, Twitter, etc.  Online textual talk is called chatting. CHAT  Ifwe want to chat, we need to log on to a server that provides chat facility. CHAT ROOM A Chat room is a website or part of some online service that provides an online venue. COMMONLY USED TYPES OF CHAT INSTANT MESSANGING (IM)  Itis a type of communications service via IM software that enables one to create a kind of private chat connection with another individual in order to communicate in real time over the Internet. ICQ (“I SEEK YOU”)  It offers chatting via ICQ software.  It is used as a conferencing tool by individual on the net to chat, e-mail, perform file transfers, play computer games, etc. IRC (INTERNET RELAY CHAT)  It has many networks that are completely separate from one another.  If we want to chat with someone on IRC, we need to make sure that we are connected to an IRC server via our PC’s IRC client program. IRC (INTERNET RELAY CHAT)  Once we connect to an IRC server, there are often thousands of rooms called channels on nearly any topic. WEB BASED CHAT  Itis also like IRC but it is different from it in the sense that it’s on a specific website and no program is really needed to install on computer. VIDEO CONFERENCING  Video conferencing is a live video-based meeting between two or more people in different locations using video-enabled devices. VIDEO CONFERENCING  Itallows multiple people to meet and collaborate face to face long distance by transmitting audio, video, text and presentations in real time through the internet. VIDEO CONFERENCING  It is very helpful for many people involved in different sectors like education, businesses, Information Technology Industries, telemedicine or even for Courts.  It is also very cost-efficient to conduct a video conference; the user will just need a laptop or a mobile phone and a good internet connection. ADVANTAGES OF VIDEO CONFERENCING  Saves travel cost and travel time.  Allows meeting with people at different locations.  It is good for brainstorming.  It is an excellent way of keeping in touch with friends and family, even if they are in a different country. DISADVANTAGES OF VIDEO CONFERENCING  It requires specific hardware and software.  Fast data link is needed.  If hardware/software breaks down, meeting cannot be attended.  Some people might not be easy to see at the meeting. E-LEARNING A learning system based on formalised teaching but with the help of electronic resources is known as E-learning.  It can be accessed via most electronic devices including a computer, laptop, tablet or smartphone, making it a versatile and easy way for students to learn wherever they are. BENEFITS OF E-LEARNING  Reduced overall cost  Self-directed and self-paced  Interactive and hands-on  Flexible  Consistent delivery  Easily manageable APPLICATION AREAS OF E- LEARNING (FORMAL SETUP)  E-learning courseware  E-classroom  Assessments  E-simulation APPLICATION AREAS OF E- LEARNING (NON-FORMAL SETUP)  Games based behavioural development  Learning support  Social/collaborate learning  Massive open online course (MOOC) E-LEARNING SOFTWARE  Moodle, Olat, eFront, H5P, Chamili, Siminars, vdemy, Articulate, etc. E-BANKING  E-banking is an arrangement between a bank or a financial institution and its customers that enables encrypted transactions over the internet.  Short for electronic banking, E-banking has various types that cater to customers' different requirements, which can be resolved online. E-BANKING  Availingthe banking srvices through electronic measures via Internet is called e- banking. E-BANKING  The following terms all refer to one form or another of e-banking:  PC banking, Internet banking, virtual banking, online banking, home banking, remote electronic banking, phone banking, etc. PC BANKING  It is a form of online banking that enables customers to execute bank transactions from a PC via a modem.  The bank offers the customer a proprietary financial software program that allows the customer to perform financial transactions from his or her home computer. INTERNET/ONLINE BANKING  An Internet banking customer accesses his or her accounts from a web browser/software that runs Internet banking programs resident on the bank’s www server.  It is also known as Virtual, cyber, net, interactive, web banks, etc. MOBILE BANKING  It is a wireless Internet based service that allows one to use banking services safely and conveniently using a mobile device like mobile phone or tablet, etc.  It provides access to the most popular Internet banking features and services. FEATURES OF E-BANKING  Availabilityof inquiry and transaction services around the clock  Worldwide connectivity  Easy access to transaction data  Direct customer control of funds OPENING AN E-BANKING ACCOUNT  Customers who have existing accounts may ask their bank for the software needed or obtain a username and password for Internet banking. OPENING AN E-BANKING ACCOUNT  New customers can establish an account either by completing an internet banking application form or mailing it to a bank offering such a service or by applying online in the bank’s web site. E-SHOPPING  The process of selling and buying products over the internet platform is known as online shopping or e-shopping.  Benefits of e-shopping are: Anytime, Anyplace and Any device access. Detailed information about the product along with reviews. ADVANTAGES OF E-SHOPPING  Convenience to buy items  Choose the items he/she desires at their convenient timing  Online stores never close, they are open 24 hours a day.  Equal accessibility of products from metro cities to non-metro cities DISADVANTAGES OF E-SHOPPING  They don’t permit shoppers to touch products or have any social interaction  Delay in delivery  People worry that they may become the victim of identity theft as they have to provide their bank information DISADVANTAGES OF E-SHOPPING  Picture of the item may appear one way, but the actual item may look completely different  Replacement of item takes time THREATS TO E-SHOPPING  Gaining access to sensitive data  Using virus to corrupt our system  Unwanted spam suggesting what to buy  Gaining access to our shopping history  Getting access to our location details SECURITY CONCERS FOR E- SHOPPING  Tricking the shopper  Snooping the shopper’s computer/device  Sniffing the network  Guessing passwords  Phishing E-RESERVATION  Making reservations of tickets or hotel rooms or tourist packages, etc., through Internet is known as e-Reservation. ADVANTAGES OF E-RESERVATION  Convenience: We can book your tickets or make reservations from anywhere and at any time as long as you have an internet connection.  Time-Saving: We don't have to stand in long queues to book your tickets. ADVANTAGES OF E-RESERVATION  Easy Access to Information: It provides you with easy access to information about available seats, prices, and schedules.  Multiple Payment Options: Payment can be done using credit/debit cards, net banking, and e-wallets. ADVANTAGES OF E-RESERVATION  Competitive Pricing: It allows you to compare prices and choose the best option. DISADVANTAGES OF E- RESERVATION  Technical Issues: It relies on technology, and technical issues such as server downtime, slow internet connectivity, or website crashes can occur.  Security Concerns: It involves sharing personal and financial information online, which can be risky. DISADVANTAGES OF E- RESERVATION  Lack of Personal Touch: We don't get to interact with a person and ask questions or get recommendations.  Limited Options: It offers limited options for seating and other services compared to offline booking options. DISADVANTAGES OF E- RESERVATION  AdditionalCharges: It may involve additional charges such as service fees, convenience fees, or transaction fees. APPLICATION AREAS OF E- RESERVATION  Travel Tickets  Hotel Rooms  Sports Matches  Movies and Theater  Events E-RESERVATION PROCESS  Log into a site that provides online booking system.  Provide details about the day/time/seating type, etc.  Make a choice and confirm by submitting your details.  Make payment. E-GOVERNANCE  Electronic governance or E-governance refers to the application of electronic means in governance with an aim of fulfilling the requirements of common man at affordable costs and in fastest possible time. E-GOVERNANCE  E-Governance is Technology driven Governance for delivering Government Services, Exchange of Information Communication Transactions and Integration of various Systems & Services between Government & Citizens. E-GOVERNANCE  It means that we can interact with our government 24x7. E-GOVERNANCE  It is the application of electronic means in government i.e., Interaction between govt & citizens and govt and businesses via electronic means Use of electronic means in internal govt operations E-GOVERNANCE  TheNational e-governance Plan (NeGP) has been formulated by the government to promote e-governance on a massive scale. VISION OF (NEGP) “making all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency and reliability of such services at affordable costs to realize the basic needs of the common man.” MAJOR E-GOVERNANCE PROJECTS IN INDIA  MCA 21, India’s Prestigious G2B Services portal (Ministry of Company Affairs)  Consular Passport and VISA Division (Indian Passport Office)  Income Tax portal  National Portal of India  DRDO MAJOR E-GOVERNANCE PROJECTS IN INDIA  Supreme Court of India  Indian Courts  RTI Portal POSITIVE IMPACTS OF E-GOVERNANCE  Improved the efficiency of administration and service delivery.  Reduced waiting time.  Reduced cost of availing the services.  Keeping a tab on corruption.  Increased public participation. NEGATIVE IMPACTS OF E- GOVERNANCE  People living in rural and remote areas could not benefit from it.  Not all services are part of it.  Lack of awareness about e-governance programs.  Slow websites compared to other websites. E-GROUPS  An e-group refers to an online community where people discuss on topics of common interests. E-GROUPS  E-groups, also known as online or web communities, are groups of people who use internet services such as e-mail, chat systems, discussion boards, etc to communicate and collaborate with one another. E-GROUPS  Populare-Groups are groups.yahoo.com, groups.google.com, etc. FEATURES OF E-GROUPS A conversation on a group can have original message and its responses and replies.  All these are together known as threaded conversation or threaded message. BENEFITS OF E-GROUPS  It keeps us in touch with other members. It allows members to exchange messages, plan vacations, participate in a meeting online, etc.  It is a venue to make new friends.  It lets us build a community without the technical hassle. SOCIAL NETWORKING  Social Networking is the use of internet- based social media programs to make connections with friends, family, classmates, customers and clients. SOCIAL NETWORKING SITE A Social Networking Site is a website that provides a venue for people to share their activities with family, friends and colleagues or to share their interest in a particular topic.  They are also known as Social Media. POPULAR SOCIAL NETWORKING SITES  Facebook, Instagram, LinkedIn, Myspace, Twitter, Youtube, Flickr, Wordpress, Blogger, Typepad, etc. MERITS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING  Easier to connect with people  Easy to hold discussions and collect opinions  Interactive involvement  Brings more awareness DEMERITS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING  Misusing the data/information posted by innocent users  Credibility of information  Fake Profiles  Bullying and Trolling  Peer pressure DEMERITS OF SOCIAL NETWORKING  IrresponsibleBehaviour  Attention seeking disorders and addiction FEATURES AVAILABLE ON SOCIAL NETWORIGN SITES  User profiles  Blog engine  Photo albums  Groups  Discussion boards  Media galleries FEATURES AVAILABLE ON SOCIAL NETWORIGN SITES  Activity streams  Messaging  Walls  Comments  Tags ETHICS IN SOCIAL NETWORKING  Right perspective: Carefully upload the contents, pictures, videos, etc.  Utilitarian perspective: Keep away from indulging in illegal and unethical activities.  Fairness perspective: No discrimination based on the gender, race, age, etc. ETHICS IN SOCIAL NETWORKING  Common good perspective: Our action must not hinder in any way the betterment of the society. MOBILE TECHNOLOGIES  Thepopularity of mobiles is attributed to its technologies that have made communications so affordable for all. SMS  It stands for Short Message Service.  It is commonly referred to as a “text message”.  Real SMS messages are limited in length. A single SMS is 160 characters long.  Most cell phones support this type of text messaging. MMS  It stands for Multimedia Messaging Service.  It is a standard way to send messages that include multimedia content (pictures, video, audio, etc) to and from mobile phones.  MMS messages can be up to 1600 characters in length. SMS AND MMS THANK YOU