Introduction to Philosophy of the Human Person 1_Q2-Intro-to-Philo PDF

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Freedom of the Human Person  OBJECTIVES: Write a persuasive essay on the quote of Charlotte Bronte on independent will and Aristotle on prudence. 2. Evaluate the exercise of freedom in making choices by writing a Rea...

Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person Freedom of the Human Person  OBJECTIVES: Write a persuasive essay on the quote of Charlotte Bronte on independent will and Aristotle on prudence. 2. Evaluate the exercise of freedom in making choices by writing a Reaction Paper. MULTIPLE CHOICE: Choose the letter of the correct answer and write it on a separate sheet of paper. 1. Aristotle’s “Intellectual Freedom” consists of the following except _____. A. Reason B. Will C. Action D. Friendship 2. The line, “Our spirituality separates humans from animals”, was attributed to___. A. Aristotle C. St. Thomas Aquinas B. Jean Paul Sartre D. Viktor Frankl 3. Human freedom has two elements. Which of the following pair of ordered words is correct? A. Will : Apathy C. Intellect : Irresponsibility B. Voluntariness : Responsibility D. Volition : Enslavement 4. Which of the following is consistent with the concept of physical freedom? A. The person is free to perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. B. The person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. C. Using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness. D. A person must use freedom for him to grow as a person as one has a natural inclination for what is true and good. 5. Which of the following statements is the pronouncement of Aristotle? A. Humans are selfish, cruel, and bad. B. Humans, by nature, are social beings. C. Humans, by nature, are born good and free. D. Humans are rational beings as reason is a divine characteristic. 6. The line, “if a human being perseveringly lives a righteous and virtuous life, he transcends his mortal state of life and soars to an immortal state of life?” is true to which of the following? A. Jean Paul Sartre: Individual Freedom B. St. Thomas Aquinas : Love is Freedom C. Aristotle: Intellectual Freedom D. Karl Marx : Historical Materialism 7. Power of volition that belongs to humans has something to do with the following, EXCEPT _____. A. actions bear no consequences. B. an act of making a choice or decision. C. the power of choosing or determining a course of action. D. that if there were no intellect, there would be no will. 8. Central to Jean Paul Sartre’s existentialism is the principle of ____. A. Existence precedes essence. B. Spirituality separates humans from animals. C. The use of reason through human will results into actions. D. The will of humans is expressed by their use of free choice. 9. The principle of “existence precedes essence” is illustrated in the following, EXCEPT _____. A. Persons must first exist or be born and define themselves afterward. B. The will of humans to do things is according to the dictates of his intellect. C. To provide oxygen, shades, or fruits, the seedlings need to grow bigger to become trees. D. The essence of a person expressed in meaning or purpose can be known only after he has learned lessons in life through experiences. 10.The line “Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self- determination and the exercise of intellect and will”, has something to do with the following EXCEPT _____. A. a person’s every action is freely determined. B. humans can freely choose to be good or bad persons. C. the nature of self-determination: that a person’s actions determine what kind of person he or she becomes. D. one who loses control does not diminish human freedom and dehumanize himself or herself. 11.Which is not true about Sartre’s theory of existentialism? A. People are free agents who have control over their choices and actions. B. A belief that society should not restrict an individual's life or actions and that these restrictions inhibit free will and the development of that person’s potential. C. Existence is always individual and particular—always my existence, your existence, his existence, or her existence. D. The proposition is true if it works satisfactorily, that the meaning of a proposition is to be found in the practical consequences of accepting it, and that unpractical ideas are to be rejected. 12.Which of the following statements is inconsistent with freedom? A. Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person. B. Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self- determination and the exercise of intellect and will. C. Freedom is also understood as the power to be what you want to be and the ability to decide and create for yourself. D. Freedom makes a person free when he or she is no longer control of himself or herself as he or she is controlled by other forces. 13.Moral acts, which are always particular acts, are in our power and we are responsible for them. Which of the following statements best negates this statement? A. A student should not be repentant of cutting class, as he or she is not responsible for the consequences of his or her actions. B. For not exerting efforts, students must be held responsible for failure in grades that will befall on him/her. C. The student should not regret on his/her failures, as these are experiences that make him/her a better person. D. Cutting classes is voluntary, and likely, results into students’ failing grade. That choice is his but he has to bear responsibility. 14. Which of the following statements explains that “Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person?” A. A person becomes freer when he or she exercises control over himself or herself. B. Many of the characteristics that define our personality are often the products of our choices. C. This means that the human person by nature is a free being and that it is his or her nature to seek freedom. D. Our preferences and views are other aspects of our personality that we freely adopt. 15. St. Thomas Aquinas’ “Freedom is Love” spoke of our spirituality that separates us from animals and this spirituality delineates moral dimension of our fulfillment in an action. Which statement below makes Aquinas’ pronouncement erroneous? A. Through our spirituality, we have a conscience. B. Whatever we choose to be “good” or “evil” becomes our responsibility. C. The essence can only be made known after existence, like a tree has to grow big first in size from a seedling. D. A human being has a supernatural and transcendental destiny to go beyond limitations to rise above his or her ordinary being or self to a highest being or self. Realize that “All Actions Have Consequences” LESSON 1 WHAT IS FREEDOM? WHAT IS THE ESSENCE OF FREEDOM? 1.Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person. This means that the human person by nature is a free being and that it is his or her nature to seek freedom. An indication of human freedom is the ability to make choices and perform actions. Our freedom to act sets us apart from other things.  We see some animals behave like human beings because they seem to perform actions in response to commands. A well-trained dog can perform certain acts on command such as “stay here” or “fetch this ball” because it is conditioned to perform them. Is it the same about human beings? You just can’t ask a stranger to stay put or fetch this ball if you toss it because he or she is not conditioned to obey like a dog.  Also, human persons do not experience the world in the same way that animals do. Animals act instinctively, meaning, their actions are more like predetermined responses to certain stimuli. A person on the other hand, can choose the course of action to take when given stimulus or faced with a certain situation. It is that inherent freedom that makes humans very dynamic creatures and our actions do not necessarily follow a set pattern or a pre-determined course.  Your mother may ask you to clean your room one day and you will follow her instruction. The following week, however, you may decide not to clean your room when told because you feel lazy. Do these actions indicate that you are exercising your freedom? 2. Freedom is also understood as the power to be what you want to be and the ability to decide and create for yourself. Many of the characteristics that define our personality are often the products of our choices. Our talents, for instance, are developed to their fullest only if we choose to dedicate time and effort to improve them. Our preferences and views are other aspects of our personality that we freely adopt. Now, do you have the ability to imagine what would you be in the future? Does your freedom give you the ability to strive for that goal? 3. Freedom is rooted in the human person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and will. This means that a person’s every action is freely determined. We can freely choose to be a good person and to act in a good way. A good act makes a person better while its opposite has a negative impact on him or her. This is the nature of self-determination: that a person’s actions determine what kind of person he or she becomes. 4. Freedom also requires a degree of control from the person who exercises it. A person becomes freer when he or she exercises control over himself or herself. On the other hand, a person becomes less free when his or her actions are controlled by other forces. A person suffering from addiction is less free because he or she is overpowered by his or her desires to certain substances. People who act solely based on their emotions are also less free because they allow themselves to be driven by their feelings without any regard for ethical considerations. People who behave impulsively and erratically are more similar to animals. To lose control of oneself diminishes human freedom and dehumanize the person. REFLECTION: 1. Is slavery a dehumanizing act because a person enslaved is forced to work for life without the possibility of leaving a life of bondage? 2. When can you say that a person is truly exercising his or her freedom? Instructions: Write T if the statement is true, and F if the statement is false. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. 1. A person does not become freer when he or she exercises control over himself or herself. 2. A person who is imprisoned is dehumanized because he or she is denied of his or her freedom due to confinement in prison. 3. It is that inherent freedom that makes humans very dynamic creatures and our actions do not necessarily follow a set pattern or a pre-determined course. Instructions: Write T if the satement is true, and F if the statement is false. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. 1. A person does not become freer when he or she exercises control over himself or herself. 2. A person who is imprisoned is dehumanized because he or she is denied of his or her freedom due to confinement in prison. 3. It is that inherent freedom that makes humans very dynamic creatures and our actions do not necessarily follow a set pattern or a pre-determined course. 4. To lose control of oneself does not diminish human freedom and therefore, does not dehumanize the person. 5. Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person to mean that the human person by nature is a free being and that it is his or her nature to seek freedom. 4. To lose control of oneself does not diminish human freedom and therefore, does not dehumanize the person. 5. Freedom is an intrinsic and essential property of the person to mean that the human person by nature is a free being and that it is his or her nature to seek freedom. 6. A person suffering from addicting substances like “shabu”, cigarettes, or alcoholic beverages is less free because he or she is overpowered by his or her addiction. 7. Your teacher asked you to submit your answers to activities of the module, but you decided not to. This was your action indicating that you were exercising your 8. A person’s every action is freely determined as opposed to animals whose actions are responses to commands. 9. When a person exercises his or her intellect and free will, he or she is exercising his or her freedom. 10. People who behave impulsively and erratically are more similar to animals. 8. A person’s every action is freely determined as opposed to animals whose actions are responses to commands. 9. When a person exercises his or her intellect and free will, he or she is exercising his or her freedom. 10. People who behave impulsively and erratically are more similar to animals. I. KINDS OF FREEDOM 1. Physical Freedom refers to the absence of any physical restraint. Here, the person has the freedom of mobility to go where he or she wants to go. With this freedom, will it allow you to act and move in a determined manner? Will it allow you to move from one place to another and go to wherever you want to go? Do persons deprived of liberty (those on prisons incarcerated for crimes pending or judgment made final) enjoy physical freedom? 2. Psychological Freedom is also called freedom of choice. The person is free to perform actions that he or she considers right and wise. A person is also free to act or not. Psychological freedom is innate (inherent to all persons) which can’t be denied and no outside force or influence can compel them to take action against their will. To feel something such as love, hate, contentment, despair, pride, sorrow, or anger is true to any person’s emotions. Do you have any right to tell someone to be happy or sad? 3. Moral freedom refers to using freedom in a manner that upholds human dignity and goodness. Freedom is not an object that a person may use in whatever way he or she pleases. A person must use freedom for him to grow as a person. Humans have a natural inclination for what is true and good and when a person uses his or her freedom to do acts that violate human dignity and goodness, he or she dehumanizes himself or herself and effectively negates human freedom. When a person uses freedom well, will he become freer? Or less free, when he or she uses freedom in a bad way? II. WHAT MAKES YOU FREE? HOW DOES FREEDOM SHAPE YOUR EXISTENCE? Two elements of freedom are: a. Voluntariness which refers to the ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will and self-determination. This means to act or not to act, and these decisions are made out of a person’s free will (his/her choice to do or not do). Is submission or non-submission of answers to module’s activities a voluntary act? Is getting pregnant while being a minor or pouring out efforts in studying first to achieve your goal, a voluntary act? In making a choice, are you using your freedom? Now, are you ready for the consequences? Getting a failing grade for non-submission or experiencing hardships of being a teen mother to a child can be the consequences. See, actions are voluntary but do result into positive or negative consequences! b. Responsibility or accountability refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their consequences. Remember, when you decide to take action, this results in a certain consequence. All human actions have consequences, and affect not only the person who commits the action, but also other people around you. Taking responsibility can either mean a person voluntarily taking responsibility for his or her own actions, or being held responsible by other people. Will your parents be happy seeing you heavily pregnant when they toil day and night to send you to school and see you getting your diploma and goals in life first? When you exercise your freedom, you should recognize and uphold not only your individual freedom but also the freedom of others.  Here, freedom should be exercised with due regard for the welfare of other persons and one’s freedom should be exercised not as a tool to restrict the freedom of others, but as a means to enable others to fully enjoy their own freedom. You have freedom of speech and expression, right? But will you use these freedoms by defaming others or by posting libelous content on social media to discredit or ridicule others? Instructions: Read the paragraph below and reflect on the characters’ actions and choices made by writing your responses in sentence form after the numbered questions on the box that follow. This activity is worth twenty- five (25) points based on the substance of your ideas of fifteen (15) points and the clarity of your thoughts of ten (10) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.  Mang Lito was walking down a street when he suddenly saw a boy crossing the busy road. The boy was chasing after a basketball that had bounced off into the road. The boy had his eyes on his ball and did not realize that there was oncoming traffic on the road. At the same time, a taxi was passing along the road. Its driver saw the boy suddenly crossing and he quickly applied his brake to stop the car. The taxi was about to hit the boy when Mang Lito decided to take action, ran across the road, and grabbed the boy to safety. Instructions: Remember, that actions have consequences, be they, positive or negative. After deliberate reflection, fill out statements on Column B in response to questions on Column A. This activity is worth ten (10) points where each number is graded based on the substance of your ideas of one (1) point and the organization of your thoughts of one (1) point, (2) points each item minimum of 3 sentences. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. ½ Crosswise A.Aristotle: The Power of Volition The imperative quality of a judgment of practical intellect is meaningless, apart from will. Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be translated into action. The task of practical intellect is to guide will by enlightening it. Will, in fact, is to be understood wholly in terms of intellect. If there were no intellect, there would be no will. This is obvious from the way in which will is rationally denominated. The will of humanity is an instrument of free choice. It is within the power of everyone to be good or bad, worthy or worthless. This is borne out by: our inner awareness of an aptitude to do right or wrong; the common testimony of all human beings; the rewards and punishment of rulers; and the general employment of praise and blame.  Moral acts, which are always particular acts, are in our power and we are responsible for them. Character or habit is no excuse for immoral conduct. Attending class is a student’s responsibility. Should the student cut class, then he/she is responsible for the consequences of his actions. As a result, he/she must be held responsible for any accident or failure in grades that will befall on him/her. The student may regret what he/she had done, but all the regrets in the world will not call it back. The point is the student should not have cut class in the first instance. When the matter is sifted down, the happiness of every human being’s soul is in his own hands, to preserve and develop, or to cast away. For Aristotle, a human being is rational. Reason is a divine characteristic. Humans have the spark of the divine. If there were no intellect, there would be no will. Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be turned into action. Our will is an instrument of free choice. Reason, will, and action drive each other. B. St. Thomas Aquinas Love is Freedom Of all creatures of God, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and the things around them for the better. St. Thomas Aquinas considers the human being as a moral agent. As discussed in Chapter Three (modules 5 & 6), we are both the spiritual and body elements; the spiritual and Aristotle’s Intellectual Freedom 11 material. The unity between both elements indeed helps us to understand our complexity as human beings. Our spirituality separates us from animals; it delineates moral dimension of our fulfillment in an action. Through our spirituality, we have a conscience. Whether we choose to be “good” or “evil” becomes our responsibility.  A human being, therefore, has a supernatural, transcendental destiny. This means that he can rise above his ordinary being or self to a highest being or self. This is in line with the idea of St. Thomas that in the plan of God, a human being has to develop and perfect himself by doing his daily tasks. Hence, if a human being perseveringly lives a righteous and virtuous life, he transcends his mortal state of life and soars to an immortal state of life.  For Aristotle, the purpose of a human being is to be happy. To be one, one has to live a virtuous life. In other words, human beings have to develop to the full their powers—rational, moral, social, emotional, and physical here on earth. For St. Thomas, he follows the same line of thinking, but points to a higher form of happiness possible to humanity beyond this life, and that is perfect happiness that everyone seeks but could be found only in God alone.  St. Thomas wisely and aptly chose and proposed Love rather than Law to bring about the transformation of humanity. For Love is in consonance with humanity’s free nature, for Law commands and complete; Love only calls and invites. St. Thomas emphasizes the freedom of humanity but chooses love in governing humanity’s life. Since God is Love, then Love is the guiding principle of humanity toward his self-perception and happiness—his ultimate destiny. St. Thomas Aquinas establishes the existence of God as a first cause. Of all God's creations, human beings have the unique power to change themselves and things around them for the better. As humans, we are both material and spiritual. We have a conscience because of our spirituality. God is Love and Love is our destiny. C. Jean Paul Sartre: Individual Freedom  Sartre's philosophy is considered to be a representative of existentialism (Falikowski 2004). For Sartre, the human person is the desire to be God: the desire to exist as a being which has its sufficient ground in itself (en sui causa). There are no guideposts along the road of life. The human person builds the road to the destiny of his/her choosing; he/she is the creator (Srathern 1998). Sartre's existentialism stems from this principle: existence precedes essence. ⮚ The person, first, exists, encounters himself and surges up in the world then defines himself afterward. The person is nothing else but that what he makes of himself. ⮚The person is provided with a supreme opportunity to give meaning to one's life. In the course of giving meaning to one's life, one fills the world with meaning. ⮚Freedom is, therefore, the very core and the door to authentic existence. Authentic existence is realized only in deeds that are committed alone, in absolute freedom and responsibility and which, therefore, the character of true creation. ⮚The person is what one has done and is doing. ⮚On the other hand, the human person who tries to escape obligations and strives to be en-soi (i.e., excuses, such as "I was born this way" or "I grew up in a bad environment") is acting on bad faith (mauvais foi)  Sartre emphasizes the importance of free individual choice, regardless of the power of other people to influence and coerce our desires, beliefs, and decisions. To be human, to be conscious, is to be free to imagine, free to choose, and be responsible for one's life. MIND MAPPING Instructions: Make a deliberate reflection on the following numbered items by writing responsive statements on the blanks after them. Each number is worth five (5) points based on substance of ideas of three (3) points, and clarity of thoughts of two (2) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for this activity. 1. Explain Sartre's belief: "Human being is free, human being is freedom! 2. Can the world with all its power, grandeur, and glory satisfy to the fullest measure our desire for perfect and everlasting happiness? Explain your answer. 3. For Aristotle, "rationality is not merely passive but a function to be performed!” Explain. WORD SEARCH Instructions: Look for the following words in the puzzle box and encircle them. This activity is worth twenty (20) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. ACTION CHOICES CONSEQUENCES FREEDOM PERSON PRUDENCE RATIONALITY REASON RESPONSIBILTY VOLITION WILL LESSON 2 Evaluate and Exercise Prudence in Choices  The interaction between the intellect and the will is compared to the interaction between a paralytic (the intellect) and a blind man (the will). If both would like to safely cross the street, the blind man has to carry the paralytic on his shoulder. The paralytic serves as the “eyes” of the blind man while the blind man serves as the “feet” of the paralytic. The paralytic informs the blind man while the blind man moves the paralytic. But since the blind man is free (like the human will) he can disregard the command of the paralytic (the intellect). When this happens the equilibrium in human being’s power is disturbed. Thus, we do an evil thing, even if we know it is evil.  REALITIES WHEN YOU EXERCISE YOUR FREEDOM THROUGH THE ACT OF MAKING CHOICES 1. When confronted with choices, you MUST exercise caution and prudence and reflect on your possible courses of actions. It is true that human freedom gives you the ability to think of decisions and possible actions. But, are there times that it is better not to take action when it would result into a wrongful choice? Will your prudence dictate you to be careful in the choice of your actions, like to think first before you act? Which between the acts of indulging yourselves in playing “Dota” or “Mobile Legends” and working on your modules is a responsible action? Which of the two actions, prudence is exhibited? 2. Self-reflection is vital in the proper use of human freedom. You can’t be allowed to be slaves to sudden emotions and moods whenever you act. As free and rational beings, you must recognize the importance of exercising freedom responsibly. This requires you to reflect on your actions, consider the effects, and make proper choices. 3. Human freedom should be exercised with control and a recognition of reasonable limits. A person can choose to limit his or her own freedom or even surrender it entirely if it will result in greater benefits. A company Chief Operating Officer may not confront a worker’s poor performance during a meeting but have him confronted in private instead. Will you give up your bus seat to an elderly person? If your parents have no means to send you to medical school, would you give up your dream to become one? Does freedom require you to sacrifice certain self-interests, instead accept realities? 4. Freedom should also be exercised with regard to knowledge and truth. As rational beings, it is natural for you to think before you act. The ability to acquire information and truthful knowledge regarding a particular situation is very important, since it aids you in making wise and informed choices. To change the country’s political landscape of vote buying and vote selling, political dynasties, patronage politics, or political turn coatism, will you desire to become an intelligent voter? Are you still free when your actions are driven by half-truths, lies, or deceptions? Introduction to the activity: In chapter 1 on the meaning and the process of doing philosophy, you learned not to use the dimensional but the holistic point of view – to look at all aspects of the situation first before making a conclusion. The skills involved in doing philosophy are critical, logical, analytical thinking, observation, and communicative skills. Here, doing philosophy can be applied by asking right questions, reflecting on issues, and formulating and evaluating arguments. REFLECTION: 1. In the midst of COVID 19 pandemic, must you observe the minimum health protocols? 2. Is health wealth? Will non-observance of social distancing, wearing of face masks and face shields likely result into your own infections or transmission to others? 3. Is the argument that health is wealth important? Is the President right to order a distance learning rather than the usual face to face scenario? Activity 5: DOING PHILOSOPHY THROUGH REFLECTIVE ESSAY WRITING Instructions: Use the process of doing philosophy above stated to respond to the numbered items that follow by writing logical statements. Each number is worth five (5) points based on content of ideas of three (3) points, and coherence of thoughts of two (2) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. What did you personally discern or understand from the following? 1. Sartre's claim that we must recognize the moral choices we make for all humankind and must resist the urge to escape this responsibility for all humankind. 2. Aristotle's belief that freedom is based on reason. 3. Why reason has to move first to a will and next, to action? What makes this as an intellectual freedom? 4. What could be the meaning of Sartre’s “there is importance of free individual choice?” 5. Is it beneficial to be cautious and prudent first before you choose what course of action to take? Activity 6: IDENTIFICATION Instructions: Choose from the box the words as answers to the following statements. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answer. En sui causa Existentialism Freedom Mauvais Foi Physical freedom Prudence Responsibility Volition Voluntariness Will 1. The power to choose or determine what course of action to take. 2. The virtue of being circumspect in the choice of actions to avoid undesirable consequences. 3. Refers to the person being accountable for his or her actions and their consequences. 4. The ability of a person to act out of his or her own free will and self-determination. 5. The next to happen after reason in Aristotle’s Intellectual Freedom. 6. There is absence of physical restraint. 7. Existence precedes essence. 8. A term referring to a person who is acting on bad faith by making many excuses on the ground that he or she could not better his or her life due to poverty, lowly life, or poor education. 9. The desire to exist as a being which has its sufficient ground in itself or a being that owes its existence to no other being (here, the being is existing because of oneself). 10.Understood to be the power to create and define oneself, rooted from person’s self-determination and the exercise of intellect and free will. REACTION PAPER WRITING ON HUMAN FREEDOM IN ACTION In a world of imperfections, we are bound to experience life’s highs and lows that lead to successes or failures which are the products of our right or wrong choices. When these realities restrict your freedom, how would you respond? Instructions: React to the following situations presented on Column A as to how these appear to your sense of freedom by filling out your responses on the succeeding columns. This activity is worth twenty-five (25) points where each number is graded based on the organization of thoughts of three (3) points, and the substance of ideas of two (2) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers.  COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D Situations Course of action Perceived Possible (What action/choice gains/benefits Consequences would I take?) On your way to school to take the quarterly assessment, you met your “barkadas” who invited you to hang out with them instead. How would you handle yourself when your lover keeps on inflicting you emotional or physical harm but seeks amends after doing the abusive act?  COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D Situations Course of action Perceived Possible (What action/choice gains/benefits Consequences would I take?) Devoid of finances during the pandemic as parents could have been laid off from work, how would you handle an indecent proposal from someone in exchange of money? As you were about to pay for the life-saving medicines of your mother, you found out that your wallet was gone. The attending pharmacist was preoccupied with several transactions but the medicine is within your reach.  COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D Situations Course of action Perceived Possible (What action/choice gains/benefits Consequences would I take?) A law was passed to curb acts of terrorism but you as a freedom- loving person believes that this law is an affront to human dignity. Is it worth your life to fight for that cherished freedom by way of protests? Activity 8: HOW MUCH IS THE PRICE OF FREEDOM? Instructions: Below are excerpts from speeches delivered by individuals who fought against system of inequality, slavery, and oppression. Write a position paper as a reaction to each of these speeches by applying Aristotle’s concept of “Reason can legislate, but only through will can its legislation be translated into action”, containing two (2) strong opening statements on the importance or nonimportance of human freedom, followed by three (3) arguments as support statements, and concluding two (2) statements as generalization.  This activity is worth thirty (30) points where each reaction paper is graded based on the quality of the arguments of five (5) points, and the organization of thoughts of five (5) points. Use a separate sheet of paper for your answers. 1.“To the distinguished leaders of this nation and all of you wonderful Freedom Fighters, my brothers and sisters and my children – because I have been called the mother of this – you see before you now a victim of all that has been perpetrated against one to make us less than human.” (Rosa Parks who refused to give her bus seat to a white man in Montgomery, Alabama. The United States Congress has called her "the first lady of civil rights" and "the mother of the freedom movement") 2. “This Fourth of July is yours, not mine. You may rejoice, but I must mourn. What, to a slave, is the Fourth of July?” (Frederick Douglass, who had escaped slavery in 1838 and abolitionist leader, delivered an address commemorating the anniversary of the signing of the Declaration of Independence on July 5, 1852). 3. “Tayo’y di mga pantas, caya hindi mariringal na talumpati at di maririkit na sulat ang ating idaraos; sa gawa natin daanin: and catubusa’y hindi nacucuha sa salita o sa sulat; kinacamtan sa pagsasabog ng dugo. Talastas na ninyo and calupitang guinawa sa ating kapatid na si Dr. Rizal, iya’y maliwanag na halimbawa nagpapakilala sa ating di tayo macaliligtas sa caalipnan cung di daraanin sa pakikibaca” (Andres Bonifacio, one of the founders of KKK, a secret society that aspired to unite the country and to gain independence from the Spaniards through the force of revolution.)