Introduction to Urban Design PDF

# ARCH 453: Planning 2 - Fundamentals of Urban Design and Community Architecture Presented by: AR. JOSEPH TY MACARIO ## Outline of Discussion - Human Population and Urban Future - Introduction to Urban Design ## Human Population and Urban Future - The image shows a satellite view of Earth. - The...

# ARCH 453: Planning 2 - Fundamentals of Urban Design and Community Architecture Presented by: AR. JOSEPH TY MACARIO ## Outline of Discussion - Human Population and Urban Future - Introduction to Urban Design ## Human Population and Urban Future - The image shows a satellite view of Earth. - The video discusses the global human population and the increasing urbanization of Earth. ### Modern Humans - Modern humans (Homo sapiens) first existed in Africa millions of years ago. - The video highlights the map showing the migration of humans around the world. - Humans first migrated out of Africa, then spread to Asia, and finally to the Americas. ### Agricultural Revolution - The advent of agriculture and the domestication of animals, also known as the Agricultural Revolution, led to a rapid increase in the human population. - This was due to the increase of human carrying capacity, surplus of food, and the existence of early human settlements. ### Industrial Revolution - Population in cities increased exponentially further because of the Industrial Revolution. ### Population Growth - In 1950, 29% of the global population lived in urban areas. - In 2007, this number increased to 49%. - In 2008, it hit 50%. - In 2020, 55% of the population, or approximately 4.2 billion people, lived in urban areas. - By 2050, this number is predicted to rise to 6.5 billion people, representing 49% of the global population. ### Global Trends in Urbanization - The image shows a global map of the share of populations living in urban areas in 2022. - Most countries in the world are heavily urbanized. - The highest rates of urbanization are in high-income countries. - The lowest rates of urbanization are in low-income countries. ### 2024 World Population - The image shows a chart of the top 20 largest countries in the world by population as of 2024. - India has the largest population, with over 1.4 billion people, followed by China with approximately 1.4 billion people. ## Urbanization - Urbanization is often defined as the development of cities relative to the increase of its population. ## Consequences of Urbanization - The consequences of the increase in urban population will be international in scope, with consequences like the following: - Global loss of resources. - Unsupportable inequities in life quality. - Risks to global health. - Instability that attends inequities wherever they unfairly exist. ## Solutions to Urban Growth Challenges - If increasing human population is an inevitable part of urbanization, what should be done? ### 1. Population Stabilization - Whether rural or urban, nations and international aid organizations have to redouble their efforts to stabilize population growth rates to sustainable levels. - More and more developing countries have achieved remarkable progress in reducing their total fertility rates. ### 2. Urban Infrastructure - Countries need to work to improve the lives of migrants in the cities so that they do not end up on the streets, becoming a burden on the city's resources. - In this respect, housing is a major issue. Many migrants to cities end up living in slums and shantytowns, risking their health and the health of the cities. ### 3. Sustainable Development - Besides efforts to stabilize their populations, government of countries with high levels of urban migration must initiate creative programs that will reduce the determination to migrate. - When they have better economic opportunities and other facilities at home, the people will feel less need to migrate to the cities. ## Sustainable Development Goals ### 11. Sustainable Cities and Communities - The image shows the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), including SDG 11, which focuses on making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable. ## Introduction to Urban Design - The image shows an image of a city with high rises and various buildings. - The video explains that urban design is not architecture. - Urban design affects and is affected by building architecture, but it is not the design of multiple buildings. - It is the design of the public realm, which includes the relationships among buildings. ### Jose Luis Sert and Urban Design - Jose Luis Sert convened an international conference in 1956. - There, he advocated for the determination to assemble evidence on behalf of a distinct disciplinary area that he called urban design. - Two working definitions for urban design were introduced. - Urban design is that part of city planning which deals with the physical form of the city. - Urban design is the most creative phase of city planning, where imagination and artistic capacities play an important part. ### Urban Design in History - While urban design as a term was popularized in the 20th century, cities have been the subject of design theory and action for centuries. - However, the notion of urban design as an activity distinct from architecture, planning, or even military and civil engineering is relatively new. - The same is true for the label "urban designer."