Ancient Rome (Part 2) Past Paper PDF

History 2024/2025 VII Name: _________________________________________________________________________________ Ancient Rome (part 2) - the Roman citizens (free-bo...

History 2024/2025 VII Name: _________________________________________________________________________________ Ancient Rome (part 2) - the Roman citizens (free-born men) wanted to have power in their hands and they deposed Tarquin the Proud - a new type of state was established – the republic State organization 2 consuls - _________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________ Senate - _________________________________________________________________________ Magistrate - _________________________________________________________________________ - praetor = _________________/ aedil = ________________/ questor = _______________ The situation in the Republic The traditional order: - the patricians had the political power - the plebeians were not allowed to hold the offices in government - the leaders of plebeians wanted to share the power with the patricians and they started to fight for the equality The way to power: - the plebeians planned to leave Rome and leave the patricians without workers - the patricians paid little attention to their warnings - many plebeians really left and the situation became serious - the patricians were alarmed and they made a compromise: 1. Tribunes - _________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________ 2. The Twelve Tables - _________________________________________________________________________ - _________________________________________________________________________ Foreign Policy - the Romans developed the extensive trade with other countries - they were the conquerors: - ___________________________________________________________________ - ___________________________________________________________________ - they had many enemies: - ___________________________________________________________________ - ___________________________________________________________________ The Punic Wars - fought between Rome and Carthage - causes: control over the Mediterranean, freedom of people in Carthage - leaders: Rome – Scipio Carthage – Hannibal - 3 wars: 1) the quarrel over Sicily 2) the quarrel over Hispania 3) the punishment of the revolt in Carthage – the Romans won the war The crisis of the Roman Republic - three main reasons of the crisis: 1) Large territory – _____________________________________________________________ 2) Discontent among lower classes – _____________________________________________________________ 3) Breakdown in military order – _____________________________________________________________ - the most serious problems in Rome: 1) Rome's poor - Small farmers – _________________________________________________________________________ – _________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________ - the debtors, homeless and soldiers whose military service ended 2) Army - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ 3) Slaves - slaves started to rebel - there were many uprisings - the largest uprising was led by Spartacus → it was crashed, and slaves were severely punished - politicians and their reforms: 1) Brothers Gracchus - they were the tribunes - their changes: - _____________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________ - the changes were not supported by the senators - the brothers were killed 2) Gaius Marius - his changes: - _____________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________ The situation in the Republic - the situation in the Republic was critical - there was no stable government and the rule was taken by the dictators - soldiers were not loyal to the Republic but to their commanders who wanted to gain more power - the problems were not solved and the civil war broke out - the leaders were fighting for the offices and the civil war was ended by three men who were the most powerful: Marcus Lucinius Crassus Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus Gaius Julius Caesar - these three men created the first TRIUMVIRATE and shared the power JULIUS CAESAR - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - _____________________________________________________________________________________________ - after Caesar's assassination second civil war broke out and it was ended by three men, who formed the second triumvirate: Lepidus - __________________________________________________________________ Mark Antony - _____________________________________________________________ Octavian - _________________________________________________________________ - Octavian Augustus kept the title IMPERATOR and became first Roman emperor in 31 B.C.