Answers To Nursing Exam Questions - PDF

1\. When a diabetic patient asks about maintaining adequate blood glucose levels, which of the following statements by the nurse relates most directly to the necessity of maintaining blood glucose levels no lower than about 74 mg/dL? ANS: B The brain cannot synthesize or store significant amounts...

1\. When a diabetic patient asks about maintaining adequate blood glucose levels, which of the following statements by the nurse relates most directly to the necessity of maintaining blood glucose levels no lower than about 74 mg/dL? ANS: B The brain cannot synthesize or store significant amounts of glucose; thus a continuous supply from the body's circulation is needed to meet the fuel demands of the central nervous system. 2\. The nurse associates which assessment finding in the diabetic patient with decreasing renal function? ANS: C Urine should not contain protein. Proteinuria in a diabetic heralds the beginning of renal insufficiency or diabetic nephropathy with subsequent progression to end-stage renal disease. Chronic elevated blood glucose levels can cause renal hypertension and excess kidney perfusion with leakage from the renal vasculature. This leaking allows protein to be filtered into the urine. 3\. What is the nurse's best response about developing diabetes to the patient whose father has type 1 diabetes mellitus? ANS: A Even though type 1 diabetes does not follow a specific genetic pattern of inheritance, those with one parent with type 1 diabetes are at an increased risk for development of the disease. 4\. Which of the following would be included in the assessment of a patient with diabetes mellitus who is experiencing a hypoglycemic reaction? (Select all that apply.) ANS: A, B, E When hypoglycemia occurs, blood glucose levels fall, resulting in sympathetic nervous system responses such as tremors, nervousness, and profuse perspiration. Dilated pupils would also occur, not constricted pupils. Extreme thirst, flushed skin, and constricted pupils are consistent with hyperglycemia. 5\. Which information provided by a nurse to a patient newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes is accurate? ANS: C For some patients with type 2 diabetes, changes in lifestyle are sufficient to achieve glucose control. Insulin is frequently used for type 2 diabetes, complications are equally serious as for type 1 diabetes, and type 2 diabetes is usually diagnosed with routine laboratory testing or after a patient develops complications such as frequent infections. 6\. A patient screened for diabetes at a clinic has a fasting plasma glucose level of 120 mg/dL (6.7 mmol/L). Which information will the nurse plan to teach the patient? ANS: C The patient's impaired fasting glucose indicates prediabetes, and the patient would be counseled about lifestyle changes to prevent the development of type 2 diabetes. The patient with prediabetes does not require insulin or oral hypoglycemics for glucose control and does not need to self-monitor glucose. 7\. A 28-yr-old male patient with type 1 diabetes reports how he manages his exercise and glucose control. Which behavior indicates a need for the nurse to implement additional teaching? ANS: D When the patient is ketotic, exercise increase the glucose level; persons with type 1 diabetes should be taught to avoid exercise when ketosis is present. Other recommendations include (1) before exercise, if glucose [\