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# Mometrix ## Infantile Signs & Symptoms * Nuchal rigidity * Back pain * Positive Kernig's and Brudzinski signs * Tense anterior fontanel ## Infantile Treatment * Supportive care * Acetaminophen to reduce fever and discomfort * Reduce light and sound to decrease stimuli * Fluids: p.o. or IV as i...

# Mometrix ## Infantile Signs & Symptoms * Nuchal rigidity * Back pain * Positive Kernig's and Brudzinski signs * Tense anterior fontanel ## Infantile Treatment * Supportive care * Acetaminophen to reduce fever and discomfort * Reduce light and sound to decrease stimuli * Fluids: p.o. or IV as indicated ## Leukocytes (WBCs) Leukocytes are white blood cells (WBCs). Normal total values vary according to age. The differential is the percentage of each type of WBC out of the total. The differential will shift with infection or allergies but should return to normal values. Total leukocytes are: | Age | Total leukocyte count | | --------------- | ---------------------- | | Neonate | 9000-30,000 m3 | | 1 month | 5000-19,500 m3 | | 1-3 years | 6000-17,500 m3 | | 8-13 years | 4500-13,500 m3 | | Greater than 18 | 4500-11,000 m3 | ## Differentials | Cells | Percent | | ----------------- | ------- | | Myelocytes | 0% | | Neutrophils (bands) | 3-5% | | Neutrophils (segs) | 54-62% | | Lymphocytes | 25-33% | | Monocytes | 3-7% | | Eosinophils | 1-3% | | Basophils | 0-0.75% | ## Leukemia Leukemia is a condition in which the proliferating cells compete with normal cells for nutrition. Leukemia affects all cells because the abnormal cells in the bone marrow depress the formation of all elements, resulting in several consequences, regardless of the type of leukemia: * Decrease in production of erythrocytes (RBCs), resulting in anemia * Decrease in neutrophils, resulting in increased risk of infection * Decrease in platelets, with subsequent decrease in clotting factors and increased bleeding * Increased risk of physiological fractures because of invasion of bone marrow that weakens the periosteum * Infiltration of liver, spleen, and lymph glands, resulting in enlargement and fibrosis